28-552: The Civilian Irregular Defense Group ( CIDG , pronounced / ˈ s ɪ d ʒ iː / , SID -jee ; Vietnamese : Lực lượng Dân sự chiến đấu ) was a military program developed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the Vietnam War , which was intended to develop South Vietnamese irregular military units (militia) from indigenous ethnic-minority populations. The main purpose of setting up
56-424: A " person of interest " to law enforcement. The latter term is frequently used in an " All-points bulletin " issued to other law enforcement persons or agencies. A person who has jumped bail after arraignment in court may be hunted or pursued by his bail bondsman , and a bounty may be "on his head." The act of fleeing from the jurisdiction of a court is described colloquially as "fleeing justice" or "running from
84-493: A newspaper report on the origin of 'lam' which actually traces it indirectly back to Shakespeare's time. Its origin should be obvious to anyone who runs over several colloquial phrases for leavetaking, such as 'beat it' and 'hit the trail'. The allusion in 'lam' is to 'beat,' and 'beat it' is Old English, meaning 'to leave.' During the period of George Ade's 'Fables in Slang' (1900), cabaret society delight in talking slang, and 'lam'
112-585: A quick reaction force to react to VC attacks. The vast majority of the CIDG camps were initially manned by inhabitants of ethnic minority regions in the country (especially Montagnard ), who disliked both the North and South Vietnamese and therefore quickly took to the American advisers. The program was widely successful, as once one village was pacified, it served as a training camp for other local villages. By 1963,
140-503: A straight military system, and found a haven where their actions were not scrutinized too carefully, and where they came under only sporadic or intermittent observation from the regular chain of command." Many CIDG camps were assaulted or attacked. An example of this is the assault on Camp Loc Ninh , A-311, situated in the III Corps area, which took place from 29 October to 4 November 1967. The camp strike force, together with elements of
168-434: A trial is underway loses the right to appeal any convictions or sentences imposed on him, since the act of fleeing is deemed to flout the court's authority. In 2003, convicted rapist Andrew Luster had his appeals denied on the basis that he spent six months as a fugitive (he was convicted in absentia ). While a person is being sought for potential arrest, the person may be described variously as being "at large" or as
196-424: A wanted person, can be a person who is either convicted or accused of a crime and hiding from law enforcement in the state or taking refuge in a different country in order to avoid arrest. A fugitive from justice alternatively has been defined as a person formally charged with a crime or a convicted criminal whose punishment has not yet been determined or fully served who is currently beyond the custody or control of
224-559: Is ‘international’ (versus ‘domestic’) if wanted by law enforcement authorities across a national border. Interpol is the international organization with no legal authority to directly pursue or detain fugitives of any kind. Europol is the European authority for the pursuit of fugitives who are on the run within Europe, and coordinates their search, while national authorities in the probable country of their stay coordinate their arrest. In
252-523: The 1st Infantry Division (1ID), which reinforced it on the second day, successfully defended the camp with no other help, except for air strikes . It is estimated that 1,000 enemies were killed, of which 184 were credited to the civilian irregulars and their American allies. Six CIDG troops died and 39 were wounded; four members of the Green Berets died. Three major changes took place in the CIDG effort between June 1967 and June 1968: In response to
280-581: The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) or other government agencies to increase Vietnamese participation. By late 1970, the remaining CIDG camps were converted to Vietnamese Rangers (ARVN Rangers) camps. The indigenous ethnic-minority people that formed the CIDG reaped significant benefits by the government of South Vietnam for their allegiance and it was the first time that minority groups were given full status as citizens of South Vietnam. The CIDG program
308-478: The Middle Ages and bury themselves... with concrete." After visiting some of their more exposed Highland camps, he expressed "horror" that an organization that prided itself on being a "highly mobile, disdainful of fixed installations, innovative, [and] not requiring organized logistical support" should find itself "in fortified installations with mortars in concrete emplacements with fixed range cards printed on
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#1732791819528336-558: The United States , the U.S. Marshals Service is the primary law enforcement agency that tracks down federal fugitives, though the Federal Bureau of Investigation also tracks fugitives. As a verbal metaphor and psychological concept, one might also be described as a "fugitive from oneself". The literary sense of "fugitive" includes the meaning of simply "fleeing". In many jurisdictions, a fugitive who flees custody while
364-641: The 5th SFG (A) staff developed jointly a program designed to continue operational missions in CIDG camps; process CIDG members administratively and medically; prepare MACV advisers for camp missions; transfer logistical support; reorganize CIDG units into Ranger battalions; and assimilate CIDG leaders into the ARVN ranks. The conversion process proceeded successfully, partly because the ARVN Special Forces camp commanders stayed in place and automatically became Ranger battalion commanders. Their familiarity with
392-538: The CIDG program was to counter the growing influence of Viet Cong (VC) in the Central Highlands by training and arming the villagers for village defense. The program rapidly expanded after the US military transferred its control from CIA to MACV after two years since its inception and changed its focus from village defense to more conventional operations. From June 1967 onwards the CIDG members were made part of
420-467: The CIDG units stopped focusing on village defense and instead took part in more conventional operations, most notably Border surveillance. In 1966, Army Chief of Staff General Harold K. Johnson was confused and unhappy with the activities of the Green Berets in South Vietnam. They were "supposed to be training guerrilla warfare," he observed, "and what they did was build fortifications out of
448-522: The Law." A " wanted poster " may be issued, especially by the FBI, culminating in the " FBI's Most Wanted List " of fugitives. "On the lam" or "on the run" often refers to fugitives. Mencken 's The American Language and The Thesaurus of American Slang proclaim that lam, lamister, and "on the lam"—all referring to a hasty departure—were common in thieves' slang before the turn of the 20th century. Mencken quotes
476-554: The MACV staff then decided to convert the remaining camps to ARVN Rangers camps, with a target date of 31 December 1970. Progressive, concurrent conversion cycles were initiated, with the major criteria being the state of security around each camp and seasonal weather. Camps in relatively secure areas that could be supplied easily during the rainy season were converted first. Camps in less secure areas were scheduled for later conversion so that more time and resources could be applied to increase
504-562: The US military felt that the program was a great success, but only that the CIDG units and Green Berets units were not being employed properly, and ordered Operation Switchback, which transferred control of the CIDG program from the CIA over to Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV). The CIDG Program was rapidly expanded, as the entire 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne) (5th SFG (A)), United States Army Special Forces (USASF), moved into Vietnam, and
532-464: The combat readiness of these camps. The final number of CIDG camps converted to Rangers was 37. During the stand-down period, every effort was made to raise the combat readiness of the 37 remaining CIDG camps to the highest efficiency. Concurrently, a concerted effort was made to assimilate the Montagnard and other minority ethnic groups from remote areas into the ARVN. The ARVN Special Forces and
560-498: The concrete, and literally... locked in by their own actions." In his estimation the CIDG program drained manpower from Saigon and was too expensive; the indigenous soldiers spent too much time protecting their own dependents who lived nearby. Furthermore, he felt that Green Berets members "viewed themselves as something separate and distinct from the rest of the military effort," describing them as " fugitives from responsibility" who "tended to be nonconformist, couldn't quite get along in
588-466: The details below. Request from 172.68.168.236 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 962292618 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 11:03:39 GMT Fugitive A fugitive or runaway is a person who is fleeing from custody , whether it be from jail , a government arrest , government or non-government questioning , vigilante violence, or outraged private individuals. A fugitive from justice , also known as
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#1732791819528616-773: The increasing enemy firepower, also in recognition to the CIDG, the US MACV approved a weapons modernization program in April 1968, under which CIDG troops were equipped with M16 rifles , M60 machine guns , and M79 grenade launchers . Up to that point, CIDG troops had used mainly M1 Carbines and M14 rifles . The weapons transfer program was completed in January 1969. By 1 June 1970, the number of CIDG camps in South Vietnam had been reduced to thirty-eight, either by conversion to South Vietnamese Regional Forces (SVRF) status or by closure. The South Vietnamese Joint General Staff (JGS) and
644-503: The national or sub-national government or international criminal tribunal with an interest in their arrest. This latter definition adopts the perspective of the pursuing government or tribunal, recognizing that the charged (versus escaped) individual does not necessarily realize that they are officially a wanted person (e.g., due to a case of mistaken identity or reliance on a sealed indictment), and therefore may not be fleeing, hiding, or taking refuge to avoid arrest. The fugitive from justice
672-547: The possible 17,057 troop spaces scheduled for conversion 14,534 CIDG troops actually became members of the Ranger command. A significant benefit that accrued to the minority ethnic groups involved was the better treatment by the government of South Vietnam. For their allegiance, as expressed by their willingness to join the ARVN units, the government provided legal birth and marriage certificates as well as medical benefits and disability pay for injuries received in military action. This
700-498: The troops, the camp area, and the tactical area of operations was invaluable. The MACV advisers did not arrive for duty until some 17 camps had been converted. The fact that many of the advisers were former Green Berets men familiar with the camps minimized problems. As a result of the close co-ordination between U.S. and ARVN Special Forces, the Ranger Command was strengthened by the addition of 37 light infantry battalions. Of
728-816: Was current. Like many other terms, it went under in the flood of new usages of those days, but was preserved in criminal slang. A quarter of a century later it reappeared. Mencken also quotes a story from the New York Herald Tribune newspaper in 1938 which reported that "one of the oldest police officers in New York said that he had heard 'on the lam' thirty years ago." Various methods can be used to find fugitives. Phone taps and pen registers can be used on relatives. Credit card and cell phone activities and electronic transfer of money can also be traced. Wanted posters and rewards can also be used. Jail records are also sometimes used; for instance, after
756-679: Was formed for two reasons: The CIDG program was devised by the CIA in early 1961 to counter expanding VC influence in the Central Highlands. Beginning in the village of Buon Enao, small A Teams from the Green Berets moved into villages and set up Area Development Centers. Focusing on local defense and civic action, the Green Berets teams did the majority of the training. Villagers were trained and armed for village defense for two weeks, while localized strike forces ( MIKE Force ) would receive better training and weapons and served as
784-645: Was the first time that the minority groups, and particularly the Montagnards, were given full status as citizens of South Vietnam. [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History . Vietnamese language Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include
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