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54-503: Ciid constitutes the northernmost parts of the disputed Somali-Ethiopian territory outlined in the 16 May 1908 Italo-Ethiopian border agreement also called the 1908 Convention. A 2001 Journal from Indiana University describes Ciid as partially overlapping with Boocame District by referring to Ciid as north of the Mudug region and the west of the Garowe region . Someone who comes from Ciid

108-517: A series of military reprisals against the rebel group ONLF Ogaden National Liberation Front . Until its first-ever district elections in February 2004, Zonal and woreda administrators and village chairmen were appointed by the Regional government. Senior politicians at the Regional level nominated their clients to the local government positions. In the 2004 local elections, each woreda elected

162-455: A Palestinian-American artist. Both of these events occurred after the October 7, 2023, Hamas-led attack on Israel and in the wake of national attention on alleged antisemitism on college and university campuses. They also occurred in the midst of changes to Indiana laws that some perceived as attacking academic freedom . In the spring of 2024, the university's faculty voted no confidence in

216-531: A conference in Fort Worth, Texas in December 2015. The Fort Worth Police Department declined to press charges. In May 2016, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights initiated another Title IX investigation into Indiana University for failing to hold a university student accountable for an off-campus rape of another student and failing to follow proper Title IX procedures subsequent to

270-590: A council including a spokesman, vice-spokesman, administrator, and vice-administrator. These councils have the responsibility of managing budgets and development activities within their respective districts. Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), the Somali Region has a total population of 4,439,147, consisting of 2,468,784 men and 1,970,363 women; urban residents numbered 621,210 or 14% of

324-686: A large part of the pre-1995 provinces of Hararghe , Bale and Sidamo . The population is predominantly Somali , and there have been attempts to incorporate the area into a Greater Somalia . In the 1977, Somalia invaded Ethiopia, igniting the Ogaden War , which Somalia lost due to timely military intervention from the Soviet Union and its ally Cuba . Despite this defeat, local groups still tried either to become part of Somalia or independent. The 2007 Abole oil field raid , in which 72 Chinese and Ethiopian oilfield workers were killed, has led to

378-713: A province of British East Africa could also be regarded as Rayid . Colonial regiments which were composed out of rayids, include Illaloes , the Somaliland Scouts and the Somaliland Camel Corps . There were some Rayids who were given positions of privilege above other rayid. These rayid leaders included Mohamed Bullaleh , known in Somali as Xaaji Bullaale; he is best known for leading the Hagoogane raid wherein 60,000 heads of cattle were looted from

432-487: Is headed by the Chief Administrator of Somali Regional State. The current Chief Administrator is Mustafa Muhummed Omer (Cagjar) , elected on 22 August 2018. A Vice President of Somali Region succeeds the president in the event of any removal from office, and performs any duties assigned by the president. The current vice president is Adam Farah Ibrahim . The other offices in the executive branch cabinet are

486-465: Is sometimes called reer Ciideed . The long conventional name of Ciid is Arlo Ciideed or Carro Ciideed . The United Nations Environment Programme refers to the landform as Dhulka Ciid , and anglicizes it as 'Iid . Physiographically, 'Iid or 'iid is bounded to the west by Haud, to the southwest by Himan, to the south by Danla, to the north by Nugaal, to the east by Rohr, and to the southeast by Mudug. On Occasion, British colonial administrators used

540-519: Is the district court system. Four courts of appeals exist, each retaining jurisdiction over appeals from common pleas, municipal, and county courts in an administrative zone. A case heard in this system is decided by a three-judge panel, and each judge is elected. The highest-ranking court, the Somali Supreme Court, is Somali's "court of last resort". A Seven-justice panel composes the court, which, by its own discretion, hears appeals from

594-475: Is the pre-colonial era name of the people and the land-mass of the Somali Region which is immediately to the southwest of 'iid. Colonial administrator Douglas Jardine described Huwan as a no-man's land: “This region has always been accursed, a no-man's land populated by fanatical Ogaden tribes, and a refuge for outlaws and malcontents from the surrounding territories. At the onset of the colonial era,

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648-660: The Dir primarily inhabit the northern Sitti zone, Awbare and Gursum woreda in Fafan zone. The Habr Awal , Garhajis , Arap and Habr Je'lo clans of the Isaaq clan family inhabit the northern part of the region bordering Somaliland. The Arap primarily inhabit the Fafan zone making up the majority in Harshin woreda as well as making up a significant portion of the population of

702-715: The Gursum, Somali (woreda) woreda as well as the lucrative towns of dhagahle and Laanqayr. The Garhajis and Habr Je'lo make up the majority of Awaare and Misrak Gashamo woredas in Jarar zone with a significant presence in the Danot woreda. Subclans of the Hawiye inhabit the western and southern areas of the region, with Degodia being majority in Liben and significant presence in some regions . Karanle and Sheekhaal present in

756-857: The Horizon League since 2017; they were the IUPUI Jaguars before that school's dissolution. Additionally, all but one of IU's regional campuses sponsors athletics within the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics . The IU Northwest RedHawks and IU South Bend Titans compete as members of the Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference , while the IU East Red Wolves , IU Kokomo Cougars , IU Southeast Grenadiers , and IU Columbus Crimson Pride compete as members of

810-553: The River States Conference . Indiana University has three medals to recognize individuals. Indiana University has several ways to recognize the accomplishments of faculty. Somali Region The Somali Region ( Somali : Deegaanka Soomaalida , Amharic : ሱማሌ ክልል , romanized :  Sumalē Kilil , Oromo : Naannoo somaalee, Arabic : المنطقة الصومالية ), also known as Soomaali Galbeed ( lit.   ' Western Somalia ' ) and officially

864-544: The Somali Regional State , is a regional state in eastern Ethiopia . Its territory is the largest after Oromia Region . The regional state borders the Ethiopian regions of Afar and Oromia and the chartered city Dire Dawa to the west, as well as Djibouti to the north, Somalia to the northeast, east and south; and Kenya to the southwest. Jijiga is the capital of the Somali Region. The capital

918-591: The University of Michigan , and others. In April 2024, IU students and faculty joined other campuses across the USA in protesting against the Israel-Gaza war and the accused genocide of Palestinians . IU president Pamela Whitten made allegations of 'antisemitic episodes'. National Guard and police in riot gear broke up the student encampment and multiple arrests were made. The following academic year, after

972-619: The Abyssinians at Jigjiga in March 1900. However, some Ogaden tribesmen felt the Sayid was growing too much in power and as such plotted to assassinate him in an incident called Gurdumi. Although the Sayid managed to evade the assassination attempt, his closest confident, Aw Abbas died at the spears of the conspirators. In revenge, the Sayid killed all delegates of a peace delegation and party whom

1026-677: The British and were subject to British administrators stationed in Berbera. In its broader but more obscure and rare sense, the term rayid has also been used to describe any Somali who signed a colonial treaty with any European colonial power. The Rayid Somalis were bordered by the Huwan (Somalis under Abyssinian rule) in the south, by the Darawiish in the east, and briefly during the Illig treaty,

1080-626: The Ciid and Nugaal Valley regions were called Darawiish . In Darawiish poetry, the Huwan, Rayid and Dhabayaco are collectively referred to as by the epithet aqdaamo ferenji . The Huwan region was briefly ruled by the Sayid , head of the Darawiish , from the start of 1900 until the Gurdumi incident in the summer of 1900. The Sayids prestige was very high in the aftermath of the military victory over

1134-582: The Darawiish in the east, and briefly during the Illig treaty, the Rayid Somalis also momentarily bordered the Dhabayaco , a native endonym for Somalis who were under Italian rule. One of the main differences between a rayid, one who acceded to colonial treaties, and a darawiish, one who shunned colonial treaties, is that the former adhered to the Qadiriya Sufi tariqa, whilst the latter adopted

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1188-621: The Huwan at the turn of the 20th century was Xuseen Dalal Iljeex, an ally of emperor Menelik II and opponent of the Sayid. According to Ahmed Farah Ali Idaajaa, the main centers of the Somali Region of Ethiopia then known as Huwan, had always been enemies of the Darawiish: Soomaalida Galbeed ee aan iyaga weerarradoodu Daraawiish ku badnayn, hase ahaate ay weligood col ahaayeen Although the western Somali Region didn't militarily engage them extensively, nonetheless they had always been enemies (of Darawiish) Immediately to

1242-602: The IU men's basketball team lost the NCAA Basketball championship game to the University of Maryland Terrapins. Rioters caused extensive damage to university buildings and city businesses, and at least 45 people were arrested during the riot. In March 2014, the U.S. Department of Education 's Office for Civil Rights initiated a federal investigation of Indiana University's Title IX compliance, encompassing more than 450 sexual harassment and violence complaints filed with

1296-548: The Indiana University system president, the Bloomington campus's provost and executive vice president, and the Bloomington campus's vice provost for faculty and academic affairs. In February 2024, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights again initiated a federal investigation of the university in response to a complaint of the violation of Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The complaint

1350-475: The National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO), the value of the endowment of the Indiana University and affiliated foundations in 2016 is over $ 1.986 billion. The annual budget across all campuses totals over $ 3 Billion. The Indiana University Research and Technology Corporation (IURTC) is a not-for-profit agency that assists IU faculty and researchers in realizing

1404-592: The O'Neil School of Public and Environmental Affairs, and the School of Education each have degree programs at the IU Bloomington and IU Indianapolis campuses. The School of Nursing has degree programs at the IU Bloomington, IU Indianapolis, and IU Fort Wayne campuses. The Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health has degree programs at the IU Indianapolis and IU Fort Wayne campuses. According to

1458-550: The Rahanwein (Jeberties); its ports are Merka, Haman (Hamar?) and Barawa. The country was formerly Hawiya but owing to an influx of other people the language has become assimilated to that of the Jeberties. Indiana University Indiana University ( IU ) is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Indiana . Indiana University has two core campuses, five regional campuses, and two regional centers under

1512-493: The Rayid Somalis also momentarily bordered the Dhabayaco , a native endonym for Somalis who were under Italian rule. One of the main differences between a rayid, one who acceded to colonial treaties, and a darawiish, one who shunned colonial treaties, is that the former adhered to the Qadiriya Sufi tariqa, whilst the latter adopted the Salihiya tariqah. Since the British also used to administer British Jubaland, Jubaland's era as

1566-517: The Region was 95.67% Somali , 0.70% Amhara , 2.25% Oromo ; all other ethnic groups made up 1.38% of the population. According to the CSA, as of 2004 , 38.98% of the total population had access to safe drinking water , of whom 21.32% were rural inhabitants and 77.21% were urban. Values for other reported common indicators of the standard of living for Somali as of 2005 include the following: 71.8% of

1620-504: The Regional Health Bureau, Educational Bureau, and 18 other officials. 15 Days 4 Months 10 Months 3 Months, 1 Months 9 Months 1 Months There are three levels of the Somali region judiciary . The lowest level is the court of common pleas: each woreda maintains its own constitutionally mandated court of common pleas, which maintain jurisdiction over all justiciable matters. The intermediate-level court system

1674-416: The Salihiya tariqah. Since the British also used to administer British Jubaland, Jubaland's era as a province of British East Africa could also be regarded as Rayid . To the north of 'Iid, a Rayid was a native endonym to describe northern Somalis who signed colonial treaties with European colonial powers. In its narrower and most common sense, the term Rayid refers to those who signed colonial treaties with

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1728-575: The Sayid; Musa Farah Egarreh, the highest ranked Somali in the camel corps, referred to by Douglas Jardine as "the most distinguished Somali on our side". Koofuur or Koufur was the former name of the modern South West State of Somalia . Captain Abud, the British Consul at Aden, described it as follows: “Koufur is a country formerly Hawiya and lies between Webbe Shabeli and the Juba and to the west of

1782-764: The Somali Region had a total of 1,459,720 cattle (representing 10.19%% of Ethiopia's total cattle), 1,463,000 sheep (20.66%), 1,650,970 goats (50.02%), 1,291,550 donkeys (30.66%), 5,3165,260 camels (96.2%), 154,670 poultry of all species (0.5%), and 5,330 beehives (0.12%). For nomadic inhabitants, the CSA provided two sets of estimates, one based on aerial surveys and the other on more conventional methodology: West from Addis Ababa , Awash 572 km via Harar and Jijiga to Degehabur Somali Regional State has 3 international airport and 2 commercial airports. The international airports are Jijiga Airport , Gode Airport , and Kabri Dar Airport , The 2 commercial airports are Dolo Airport , and Shilavo Airport . The executive branch

1836-635: The administration brought in new policies to stop protests and limit "expressive activities", students and faculty held vigils for free speech and the Palestinian cause. Both of the core campuses of the IU systems sponsor NCAA Division I athletic programs. The Indiana Hoosiers represent the flagship institution in Bloomington, and are founding members of the Big Ten Conference , where they compete in 24 different sports. The IU Indy Jaguars field 18 different sports, and have competed in

1890-502: The administration of IU Indianapolis. In addition to its core campuses, Indiana University maintains five regional campuses throughout Indiana : There are two regional campuses under the administration of IU Indianapolis: The School of Medicine and the School of Social Work each have degree programs running across multiple IU campuses. The Kelley School of Business, the Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering,

1944-486: The commercial potential of their discoveries. Since 1997, university clients have been responsible for more than 1,800 inventions, nearly 500 patents, and 38 start-up companies. In fiscal year 2016, the IURTC was issued 53 U.S. patents and 112 global patents. In April 2002, thousands of IU students and staff, along with Bloomington residents, rioted across the university campus before merging into adjacent city blocks after

1998-511: The cultural whole of the student body. After learning of the accusations and resignations, U.S. Representative Jim Banks sent a letter to university president Pamela Whitten denouncing such conduct, identifying it as a violation of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and threatened the continued federal funding for the university if the conduct was tolerated by the university administration. Accused student body president Aaliyah Raji responded by denouncing both Islamophobia and antisemitism and stating that

2052-579: The east of 'Iid, Dhabayaco was a native endonym and ethnotoponym to describe the Somali inhabitants of Italian Somaliland to the north of the capital Mogadishu , . Whilst the Somalis north of the capital Mogadishu were called Dhabayaco, those immediate surroundings of the capital were intermittently called Filonardi Company or Benadiri . Those Somalis to the west of the Dhabayaco in the Somali Region under Abyssinian rule were referred to as Huwan ,

2106-426: The inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile; adult literacy for men is 22% and for women 9.8%; and the Regional infant mortality rate is 57 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, which is less than the nationwide average of 77; at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants’ first month of life. The region is home to almost all major Somali clan families. The Issa , Gadabuursi and Jaarso subclans of

2160-736: The interior as well as the major towns of Jijiga , Gode , Kebridehar . The Harti as well as the Leelkase clans inhabit the Dollo zone where they make up the majority while the Marehan clan inhabit the Shilavo woreda and the Liben zone. Somali as a primary language is spoken by 95.89% of the inhabitants. All other languages spoken together make up 4.11%. 98.74% of the population are Muslim , All other religions together made up 1.26%. The CSA of Ethiopia estimated in 2005 that farmers in

2214-494: The lack of institutional support for its Title IX Coordinator to oversee compliance by the university. In February 2016, the university's Associate Dean of Students, Director of Student Ethics, and Title IX Deputy Director, Jason Casares, abruptly resigned his position after sexual assault allegations were made against him by Association for Student Conduct Administration president-elect, and New York University Assistant Director of Global Community Standards, Jill Creighton, during

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2268-465: The places along and beyond the Jubaland border was natively called Waamo , those in the uncolonized region in Ciid and Nugaal Valley were called Darawiish whilst those in the northwest of the peninsula under British rule were referred to as Rayid . Rayid is a native endonym to describe northern Somalis who signed colonial treaties with European colonial powers. In its narrower and most common sense,

2322-514: The population, while rural residents numbered 3,817,937. With an estimated area of 327,068 square kilometers, this region has an estimated density of 20.9 people per square kilometer. For the entire region 1, 685,986 households were counted, which results in an average for the Region of 6.8 persons to a household, with urban households having on average 6 and rural households 6.5 people. There are 8 refugee camps and 1 transit center, housing 212,967 refugees from Somalia, located in Somali Region. In

2376-404: The previous census, conducted in 1994, the region's population was reported to be 3,383,165, of which Somalis made up 3,236,667. There were 1,846,417 were males and 1,537,748 were females. The urban residents of the Somali Region numbered 492,710 households, with an average of 6.6 persons per household; a high sex ratio of 120 males to 100 females was reported. As of 1997, the ethnic composition of

2430-689: The reporting of the incident. The university also charged the victim a dorm-relocation fee after the suspected rapist continued to harass the victim around her dormitory, which also went without intervention by the university. The victim's case was also handled by former Title IX Director, Jason Casares prior to his resignation amidst sexual harassment and misconduct allegations as the university's student ethics director and Title IX deputy director. In November 2023, Indiana University Student Government treasurer Alex Kaswan and co-director of DEI Makiah Pickett resigned after accusing other student government leadership members of antisemitism and failure to represent

2484-562: The student government combats against those issues. Also in November 2023, the university attracted national attention when the university barred a faculty member from teaching after alleging that he improperly assisted the Palestine Solidarity Committee, a student group, in reserving a space on campus. Shortly thereafter, the university's administrators also cancelled a planned art exhibition by Samia Halaby ,

2538-489: The term Awan to describe parts of the 'iid region. According to Said S Samatar, Ciid or 'Iid, was during the onset of colonialism primarily inhabited by the Bah Ali Gheri clan. Ciid was one of the land-staking claims during poetic comminations of the chain of Guba poems. According to a Qamaan Bulxaan poem, you can immediately access Dannood from 'iid (Ciid) thereby making 'iid (Ciid) and Dannood neighbours. Huwan

2592-411: The term Rayid refers to those who signed colonial treaties with the British and were subject to British administrators stationed in Berbera. In its broader but more obscure and rare sense, the term rayid has also been used to describe any Somali who signed a colonial treaty with any European colonial power. The Rayid Somalis were bordered by the Huwan (Somalis under Abyssinian rule) in the south, by

2646-407: The term Huwan came to denote a local and colloquial name for the Somalis and the region under the direct or nominal rule of Menelik II . On the other hand, the local and colloquial name for the land and people north of Huwan who were ruled by the British was Rayid , those to the east of Huwan who were under Italian rule were natively referred to as Dhabayaco , whilst in their midst, the people of

2700-424: The university between 2011 and 2015. The complaints involved both students and university staff or faculty. The investigation revealed concerns with timeliness of response, lack of documentation, not preventing retaliation, and the creation of sexually hostile environments at the campus. The investigation further criticized the lack of mandatory sexual harassment, misconduct, and awareness training for staff, as well as

2754-680: The western areas bordering the Oromia region and the Hawadle and Habar Gidir subclans are present in the Shabelle zone. The closely related Samaale subclan of Garre are also present in the Liben zone and Dawa zone where they make up the majority. Various subclans of the Darod clan family primarily inhabit the central and eastern parts of the region, with the Ogaden and Jidwaq inhabiting

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2808-412: Was filed by Dr. Zachary Marschall and alleged lack of response and complacency by the university administration to an increasing number of anti-Semitic incidents at the campus. The complaint also led to additional federal investigations at the University of Wisconsin , Northwestern University , and the office is also conducting parallel investigations of Johns Hopkins University , Harvard University ,

2862-639: Was formerly Gode , until Jijiga became the capital in 1995 on account of political considerations. The Somali regional government is composed of the executive branch, led by the President; the legislative branch, which comprises the State Council; and the judicial branch, which is led by the State Supreme Court. What is now the Somali Region was part of the conquests of Menelik II in the late 19th century. The Somali Region formed

2916-448: Was sent to pay blood money for Aw Abbas. The Ogaden subsequently paired with Menelik II to drive the Sayid and the Darawiish away from the Huwan and back into Ciid and Nugaal regions. This incident is collectively referred to as Gurdumi. The people of Huwan would subsequently come to be under the rule of Menelik II either nominally or directly via taxation or other obligations, via an Abyssinian representative based at Harar. The governor of

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