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52-653: The Cikapundung River divides the city of Bandung , in West Java , Indonesia . The river flows from its headwaters in Lembang on the northern edge of the city, to the south, where it empties into the Citarum River . The name Cikapundung is derived from the Sundanese language, and means river (ci, cai: water) and the name of a type of fruit: kapundung or kepundung ( Baccaurea racemosa ). Despite being one of

104-511: A river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains that provide a natural defense system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the capital from Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to Bandung. The Dutch first established tea plantations around the mountains in the 18th century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the colonial capital Batavia (180 kilometres (112 miles) to

156-415: A garbage slide in 2005 which buried a village, Kampung Gajah, beneath it, killing over a hundred people. The accumulation of 8,000 m /d (3,300 cu ft/ks) of domestic garbage causes severe air pollution by local burning, the spread of disease, and water contamination. The provincial government has failed in its attempts to solve the garbage issue. Nevertheless, it was awarded in 1997 and 2015 as

208-497: A mayor; previously, mayors were nominated and selected by the city council - the Bandung City Regional House of Representatives ( DPRD Kota Bandung ), which has 50 members. As of 2003, the total number of city administration personnel was 20,163. Bandung City is divided into 30 districts ( kecamatan ), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with

260-499: A single runway with the apron capable of accommodating 22 aircraft. In April 2019, work extending the runway to 3,000 metres was completed, and wide bodies such as Boeing 747s have landed. On 11 July 2023, Indonesian President Joko Widodo announced that Husein Sastranegara Airport will be retired and all commercial flights will be moved to Kertajati starting October 2023 when it is fully operational. Initially,

312-658: A type of Homo erectus species had long previously lived on the banks of the Cikapundung River and around the old lake of Bandung. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) established plantations in the Bandung area. In 1786, a supply road connecting Batavia (now Jakarta ), Bogor , Cianjur , Bandung, Sumedang and Cirebon was constructed. In 1809, Napoleon ordered Governor Herman Willem Daendels to improve

364-456: Is February, with a precipitation total of 255.0 millimetres (10.04 in), while the driest month is September, with a precipitation total of 50.0 millimetres (1.97 in). The average temperature throughout the year tends to be cooler than most cities in Indonesia due to the influence of altitude. The average temperature throughout the year only has little variation due to its location near

416-613: Is also known as a Smart City , leveraging technology to improve government services and social media that alert residents to issues such as floods or traffic jams. The city is part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network , which it joined in 2015. Bandung is Indonesia's major technology centre . The first Asian-African Conference, the Bandung Conference , was hosted in Bandung by President Sukarno in 1955 and now decennial event. Redevelopment of

468-508: Is currently providing a transportation subsidy by operating free Damri buses for one year, from Karawang , Cirebon and Bandung . The airport can be accessed by Cisumdawu Toll Road , which is completed in 2023. The airport is also connected to Cikopo-Palimanan Toll Road with an extension. Train routes of Bandung-Garut and Cianjur-Bandung will also be forwarded to Kertajati Airport for accessibility support. Although still pushing for high speed rail project that will extend from Bandung to

520-426: Is divided into 30 districts ( kecamatan ) and 153 villages ( kelurahan ). For development purposes, the 30 districts are grouped into eight sub-city regions. The sub-city regions of Bandung are Arcamanik, Cibeunying, Kerees, Kordon, Gedebage, Ujungberung, Bojonagara and Tegalega. The mayor ( walikota ) - Bambang Tirtoyuliono from 2023 - leads the city administration. Since 2008, city residents have directly voted for

572-495: Is hillier than other parts of the city, and the unique truncated flat-peak shape of the Tangkuban Perahu volcano ( Tangkuban Perahu literally means 'upside-down boat') can be seen from the city to the north. Long-term volcanic activity has created fertile andisol soil in the north, suitable for intensive rice , fruit , tea , tobacco , and coffee plantations. In the south and east , alluvial soils deposited by

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624-417: Is known for its many old Dutch architecture buildings, the city is recently going through a high-rise building boom. There are more than 100 high rise buildings in the city, and many more are under construction or planned. The following list includes buildings in Bandung that are completed or topped off and above 300 ft (91 m). The north of the city serves as a water reservoir for Bandung. However,

676-562: Is surrounded by up to 2,400 metres (7,900 feet) high Late Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic terrain. The 400 km (150 sq mi) flat of central Bandung plain is situated in the middle of 2,340.88 square kilometres (903.82 sq mi) wide of the Bandung Basin ; the basin comprises Bandung, the Cimahi city, part of Bandung Regency , part of West Bandung Regency, and part of Sumedang Regency . The basin's main river

728-581: Is the Citarum ; one of its branches, the Cikapundung , divides Bandung from north to south before it merges with Citarum again in Dayeuhkolot. The Bandung Basin is an essential source of water for potable water, irrigation, and fisheries, with its 6,147 million m (217.1 billion cu ft) of groundwater being a significant reservoir for the city. The northern section of Bandung

780-587: Is the country's second-largest and second most populous metropolitan area , with over 11 million inhabitants. Situated 768 meters (2,520 feet) above sea level (the highest point in the North area is at an altitude of 1,050 meters (3,445 feet), and the lowest in the South at 675 meters (2,215 feet) above sea level), approximately 140 kilometres (87 miles) southeast of Jakarta , Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than most other Indonesian cities . The city lies in

832-536: The Bandung Conference , was hosted in Bandung by President Sukarno and attended by the heads of states representing twenty-nine independent countries from Asia and Africa. The conference venue was at the Gedung Merdeka , the former Concordia Society building. The conference announced ten points of declaration for the promotion of world peace and opposition against colonialism and is known as

884-616: The Boeing 787 . The project will include a 3,400-hectare aerotropolis known as Kertajati Aerocity . Twice the size of the airport, this aerotropolis is to be a center of economic growth and is located north of the Cipali Toll Road, east of the Manuk River . Project implementation consists of five phases: preparation (2015), phase I (2015-2020), phase I-II (2016-2025), and purpose phase III and IV after 2025. During Phase I,

936-462: The Declaration of Bandung . This was followed by a wave of nationalism and decolonization movements around the globe which remapped world politics. The conference was also the first international conference of people of colour in history. In his book The Color Curtain , Richard Wright claims that there was an epic meaning to the conference for people of colour around the world. In 1987,

988-708: The Indonesia One presidential aircraft landed at the airport. A grand opening took place in July 2019. The new airport is supposed to function as a reliever airport for Soekarno Hatta, providing additional spillover capacity. Upon completion, the airport will have a total capacity of 29 million passengers annually, with additional space for expansion. The airport planned to operate cargo terminals with an official estimate of 1.5 million tons of cargo by 2020. In order to ensure completion of Kertajati Airport, construction of Karawang Airport has been put on hold and Kertajati

1040-550: The Italian Renaissance style of arch structures in the wings and pendopo -like structures commonly found in Java in the middle section. Several Dutch architects who shaped the city landmarks the architectural blending of modern and native traditions. In the 1930s, Bandung became known as an architectural laboratory due to the many Dutch architects who experimented with new architectural designs. Albert Aalbers added

1092-657: The streamline moderne style to the Art Deco by designing the DENIS bank (1936) and renovating the Savoy Homann Hotel (1939). Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker was one of the architects who enormously added native elements in his artworks, including the Villa Isola (1932), Hotel Preanger (1929), the regional military headquarters (1918), Gedung Merdeka (1921) and ITB Rectorate Building (1925). Though Bandung

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1144-503: The Chief Administrator of the Bandung regency at that time, moved the office from Krapyak, in the south, to a place near a pair of holy city wells ( sumur Bandung ), the present-day site of the city square ( alun-alun ). He built his dalem (palace), masjid agung (the grand mosque) and pendopo (public-official meeting place) in the classical Sundanese orientation, with the pendopo facing Tangkuban Perahu mountain, which

1196-788: The Cikapundung river predominate. Geological data show that the Bandung Basin is located on an ancient volcano, known as Mount Sunda , erected up to 3,000–4,000 metres (9,800–13,100 feet) during the Pleistocene age. Two large-scale eruptions took place; the first formed the basin, and the second (est. 55,000 BCE) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin into a lake known as "the Great Prehistoric Lake of Bandung ". The lake drained away; for reasons which are

1248-596: The Indonesian Ombudsman criticized failures and lack of effort by the airport company, BIJB in consulting airlines when developing the airport. Poor occupancy caused Indonesia's national airline Garuda Indonesia to eventually pull out of the airport in September 2019. On 1 July 2019, all domestic flights from Husein Sastranegara Airport (located within the city of Bandung) were diverted to Kertajati Airport. Many passengers and airlines complained that

1300-496: The airport was too far from the city of Bandung that it served. The diversion of all domestic flights from Husein to Kertajati was also criticized as being too soon. Prior to the completion of the Cisumdawu Toll Road , access to the airport to and from Bandung was inconvenient and poor. These factors caused domestic visitors from outside of Java to shun Bandung, resulting in a decline of hotel and restaurant revenue in

1352-413: The airport, PT Bandara Internasional Jawa Barat (BIJB), and Railink have signed an MOU to build rail tracks and airport train system, when necessary. During the soft opening, the airport suffered from mismanagement owing to lack of passengers utilizing the airport. Vice President Jusuf Kalla also criticized the local authorities for not doing proper research when developing the airport. Similarly,

1404-489: The area has seen substantial residential development. Several attempts to protect this area have been made, including creating reserves such as the Juanda National Park and Punclut , but development continues. Regular flooding in Bandung's south also presents a real and dangerous ongoing problem. From mid-2005, Bandung faced another environmental disaster when the city's landfill site was re-evaluated after

1456-509: The city boundary was expanded by the 'Greater Bandung' ( Bandung Raya ) plan, with the relocation of higher concentration development zones outside the city in an attempt to dilute population density in the old city. During this development, the city core was often uprooted, with old buildings torn down, lot sizes regrouped and rezoned, changing idyllic residential areas to commercial zones with bustling chain supermarkets, malls, banks and upscale developments. In 2005, an Asian-African Conference

1508-445: The city experienced ongoing development and urbanization, transforming from an idyllic town into a dense 16,500 people/km (per square kilometer) metropolitan area with living space for over 8 million people. New skyscrapers , high-rise buildings, bridges, and gardens have been constructed. Natural resources have been heavily exploited, particularly by conversion of the protected upland area into highland villas and real estate. Although

1560-453: The city has encountered many problems (ranging from waste disposal and floods to a complicated traffic system resulting from a lack of road infrastructure), it still attracts large numbers of tourists, weekend sightseers, and migrants from other parts of Indonesia. In 2017 the city won a regional environmental sustainability award for having the cleanest air among major cities in ASEAN . The city

1612-632: The colonial Department of State-Owned Enterprises ( Department van Gouvernmentsbedrijven , the present-day Gedung Sate ) and other government buildings. However, this plan was cut short by World War II , after which the Dutch were not able to re-establish their colony due to the Indonesian Declaration of Independence. The fertile area of the Parahyangan Mountains surrounding Bandung supports productive tea plantations. In

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1664-405: The colonial government's plan to move the capital from Batavia to Bandung. The building is known as Gedung Sate , named after the distinguished small satay -shaped structure on the roof, and is today used as the head office of the West Java provincial government and House of Representatives. The building is an example of a harmonious mixture between West and East architectural styles, particularly

1716-450: The defensive systems of Java to protect against a possible British invasion. Daendels ordered the construction of a road stretching approximately 1,000 km (620 mi) from the west to the east coast of Java, passing through Bandung. In 1810, the road was laid down in Bandung and was named De Groote Postweg (or the ' Great Post Road '), the present-day location of Jalan Asia-Afrika. Under Daendels' orders, R. A. Wiranatakusumah II,

1768-592: The equator. Bandung is also well known for its tornado hotspot. The first deadly tornado in the area occurred in Rancaekek (during the Dutch Occupation on 1933 where a tornado struck the town, killing 1 and injuring none, the funnel destroyed 17 homes and left 30 homes badly damaged, many trees were either snapped or downed. Another deadly tornado to occur on Bandung was on December 18, 2014, in Gedebage,

1820-568: The existing Husein Sastranegara International Airport (BDO) was completed in 2016. The new larger second airport for Greater Bandung Kertajati International Airport (KJT) opened in June 2018, just in time for the 2018 Asian Games . The official name of the city during the colonial Dutch East Indies period was Bandoeng . The earliest reference to the area dates back to 1488, although archaeological findings suggest

1872-455: The first technical university in the Dutch East Indies , Technische Hogeschool te Bandung (the present-day Bandung Institute of Technology ). He was named a Professor of Architecture at the university. A striking local Sundanese roof style is seen adorning the top of the campus' ceremonial hall and is embedded in his artwork. In the same year, another Dutch architect J Gerber designed Gouverments Bedrijven (Government Companies) in line with

1924-453: The least polluted city in the country. Further, a regional award in 2017 was also given from ASEAN for the cleanest air among other major cities in ASEAN countries. Bandung experiences tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen : Am ) that closely borders a tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen : Af ) as the driest month precipitation total is below 60 millimetres (2.4 in). The wettest month

1976-547: The main sources of Bandung's water supply, the river is classified as heavily polluted. Domestic waste, including human waste and detergents, is the main source of pollution as more people are living along the river banks. Other sources of pollutants are industry agriculture and farming. Bandung Bandung is the capital city of the West Java province of Indonesia . Located on the island of Java , Greater Bandung (Bandung Basin Metropolitan Area / BBMA)

2028-481: The nineteenth century, Franz Junghuhn introduced the cinchona ( kina ) plant. With its cooler elevated landscape, surrounded by major plantations, Bandung became an exclusive European resort area. Wealthy plantation owners visited the city on weekends, attracting ladies and business people from the capital, Batavia. Jalan Braga grew into a promenade street with cafés, restaurants and boutique shops. Two art-deco style hotels, Savoy Homann and Preanger, were built in

2080-446: The northwest). In the early 20th century, the Dutch inhabitants of Bandung demanded the establishment of a municipality ( gemeente ), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafés, and European boutiques were opened, leading the city to be nicknamed Paris van Java ( Dutch : "The Paris of Java" ). After Indonesia declared independence in 1945,

2132-648: The official estimates as at mid 2022. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the numbers of administrative villages (totaling 151, all classed as urban kelurahan ) in each district, and its postal codes. ᮃᮁᮎᮙᮔᮤᮊ᮪ ᮎᮤᮞᮛᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪ ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮕᮔᮤ ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮤᮕᮒᮤ ᮝᮦᮒᮔ᮪ ᮙᮔ᮪ᮓᮜᮏᮒᮤ ᮊᮛᮀ ᮕᮙᮥᮜᮀ ᮃᮔ᮪ᮓᮤᮁ ᮌᮛᮥᮓ ᮎᮤᮎᮦᮔ᮪ᮓᮧ ᮃᮁᮏᮥᮔ ᮞᮥᮊᮏᮓᮤ ᮞᮥᮊᮌᮜᮤᮂ ᮞᮥᮊᮞᮛᮤ ᮞᮥᮊᮛᮞ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ ᮝᮦᮒᮔ᮪ ᮒᮙᮔ᮪ᮞᮛᮤ ᮎᮤᮘᮩᮑᮤᮀ ᮊᮜᮦᮁ ᮎᮤᮌᮓᮥᮀ ᮎᮤᮘᮩᮑᮤᮀ ᮊᮤᮓᮥᮜ᮪ ᮎᮤᮊᮥᮒᮢ ᮎᮤᮓᮓᮕ᮪ ᮠᮦᮌᮁᮙᮔᮂ ᮎᮧᮘᮣᮧᮀ ᮓᮌᮧ Kertajati International Airport The airport began operations on 24 May 2018 when

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2184-473: The old Chinatown district. In 1906, Bandung was given the status of gemeente (municipality), and then twenty years later, stadsgemeente (city municipality). From the early 1920s, the Dutch East Indies government made plans to move their capital from Batavia to Bandung. Accordingly, during this decade, the Dutch colonial government commenced construction of military barracks, the building housing

2236-628: The project focused on airport development. Phases I-II are Kertajati Aerocity development, phase III will be the growth of Kertajati as aerotropolis, and as the final phase, Kertajati Aerocity will act as an enabler of the sustainable economic center. Based on the strategic development plan, in addition to regular large passenger jet and cargo flights, the airport facilities have been optimized for Low Cost Carriers ( LCC ) and Hajj flights to Saudi Arabia . This will eventually shift Bandung and West Java passengers and traffic to Kertajati, alleviating congestion at Soekarno–Hatta Airport. The airport features

2288-414: The restoration of Dutch sovereignty, British forces established a military presence in several of Java's largest cities, and issued an ultimatum to Indonesian forces in Bandung in an attempt to make leave the city. In response, on 24 March 1946, much of the southern part of Bandung was deliberately set alight by Indonesian forces as they withdrew. In 1955, the first Asian-African Conference, also known as

2340-487: The subject of ongoing debate among geologists. Bandung is home to numerous examples of Dutch colonial architecture, most notably the tropical Art Deco, dubbed New Indies Style . Henri Maclaine Pont was among the first Dutch architects to recognize the importance of combining each architectural style with local cultural traditions. He stressed that modern architecture should interact with local history and native elements. In 1920, Pont planned and designed buildings for

2392-419: The terminal area was 121,000 square metres (1,302,433 sq ft) and included two concourses with domestic and international gates, handling 11 million passengers a year. As construction proceeds, the terminal was to expand to 209,151 square metres (2,251,283 sq ft), with a passenger capacity of 30 million passengers per year by 2019, with plenty of space left over for phase II expansion. Citilink

2444-406: The tornado struck the area in the afternoon. It left 85 houses either unroofed or destroyed, a large factory building suffered significant damage, a warehouse levelled and a library suffered roof loss, one person died due to crushed by a collapsed wall. The city area in 1906 was 19.22 square kilometres (7.42 square miles), and by 1987, it had expanded to 167.2965 km . The city administration

2496-555: The vicinity of the Concordia Society, a clubhouse for the wealthy with a large ballroom and a theatre. After Indonesian independence in 1945, Bandung was designated as the capital of West Java province . During the Indonesian National Revolution , some of the most massive battles occurred in and around Bandung. Dutch troops were virtually absent in Java at the end of World War II. To assist

2548-498: Was believed to have a mystical ambience. In 1856, Bandung also became the capital of the Preanger Regencies Residency , which it would remain until 1925. The first major railroad between Batavia and Bandung was completed in 1880, boosting the light industry in Bandung. Chinese flocked into the city to help run facilities, services and vendors. The area adjacent to the train station is still recognizable as

2600-475: Was fast-tracked for completion. The 1,800 hectares airport is estimated to cost Rp 25.4 trillion. The plan includes three 60-meter-wide runways (measuring 3000, 3750 and 4025 meters) capable of accommodating large aircraft such as the Airbus A380 , Boeing 747-8 , Antonov and Airbus A350 . The airport is also to be equipped with the technology needed to handle the most recent and modern aircraft, such as

2652-435: Was partly held in Bandung, attended by world leaders including Indonesian President Susilo B. Yudhoyono, President of China Hu Jintao, Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh, President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki and President of Nigeria Obasanjo. Bandung, the capital of West Java province, is located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) southeast of Jakarta. Its elevation is 768 metres (2,520 ft) above sea level and

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2704-571: Was the first airline to obtain permission to fly the Kertajati- Juanda route, starting in June 2018 and using an Airbus A320 aircraft. Several bus companies, including Perum DAMRI and private operators provide services from the airport to various destinations of West Java roundtrip. Damri Airport bus is free-of-charge (until the next Christmas/holiday season or Eid season). Damri Airport Bus tickets to Bandung cost Rp 75,000 and to Cirebon cost Rp 40,000. The central government

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