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80-563: The hospital is located at Jalan Raden Saleh No. 40 in Cikini, Central Jakarta on 5.6 ha. It has approximately 300 beds. The home was visited by Franz Ferdinand in 1893 during his world tour. He saw preparations for the Batavia Exhibition of 1893 on the grounds of the house. On 15 March 1895, Dominee Cornelis de Graaf and his wife, Mrs. Adriana J de Graaf Kooman founded Vereeniging Voor Ziekenverpleging In Indie. The medical center

160-524: A lady-in-waiting to Archduchess Isabella , wife of Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen . Franz began to visit Archduke Friedrich's villa in Pressburg (now Bratislava ), and in turn Sophie wrote to Franz Ferdinand during his convalescence from tuberculosis on the island of Lošinj in the Adriatic . They kept their relationship a secret, until it was discovered by Isabella. To be eligible to marry

240-512: A comfortable, fair and good life" instead of being trampled on (as they were being trampled on by the Hungarians). It must have been this which caused Berchtold, in a character sketch of Francis Ferdinand written ten years after his death, to say that, if he had succeeded to the throne, he would have tried to replace the dual system by a supranational federation. After the tragic assassination of Franz Ferdinand and Sophie in 1914, Marie Valerie,

320-537: A main motif for the Austrian 10 euro The Castle of Artstetten commemorative coin , minted on 13 October 2004. The reverse shows the entrance to the crypt of the Hohenberg family. There are two portraits below, showing Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg. Domestic Foreign Kingdom of Serbia The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian : Краљевина Србија , Kraljevina Srbija )

400-450: A member of the imperial House of Habsburg, one had to be a member of one of the reigning or formerly reigning dynasties of Europe. The Choteks were not one of these families. Deeply in love, Franz Ferdinand refused to consider marrying anyone else. Finally, in 1899, Emperor Franz Joseph agreed to permit Franz Ferdinand to marry Sophie, provided that the marriage would be morganatic and that their descendants would not have succession rights to

480-528: A result of the Serbian revolution which lasted between 1804 and 1817. Despite brutal oppression and retaliation by the Ottoman authorities, the revolutionary leaders, first Karađorđe and then Miloš Obrenović , succeeded in their goal to liberate Serbia after centuries of Turkish rule. At first, the principality included only the territory of the former Pashaluk of Belgrade , but in 1831–1833 it expanded to

560-713: A result of the multi-ethnic composition of Kosovo, the new administrations provoked a mixed response from the local population. Serbs considered this a liberation. On November 29, 1913, the Drač County of the Kingdom of Serbia was established on the part of the territory of Albania taken from the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War. Serbian Drač County had four districts ( Serbian : срез ): Drač (Durrës), Lješ (Lezhë), Elbasan and Tirana . After

640-468: A short rest at the Governor's residence, the royal couple insisted on seeing all those who had been injured by the bomb at the local hospital. However, no one told the drivers that the itinerary had been changed. When the error was discovered, the drivers had to turn around. As the cars backed down the street and onto a side street, the line of cars stalled. At this time, Princip was sitting at a cafe across

720-560: A true personality amidst the amiable inanity that characterized Austrian society at this time." As his sometime admirer Karl Kraus put it, "he was not one who would greet you ... he felt no compulsion to reach out for the unexplored region which the Viennese call their heart." His relations with Emperor Franz Joseph were tense; the emperor's personal servant recalled in his memoirs that "thunder and lightning always raged when they had their discussions." The commentaries and orders which

800-512: Is considered the most immediate cause of World War I. After his death, Archduke Karl became the heir presumptive of Austria-Hungary. Franz Ferdinand was buried with his wife Sophie in Artstetten Castle , Austria. The German historian Michael Freund described Franz Ferdinand as "a man of uninspired energy, dark in appearance and emotion, who radiated an aura of strangeness and cast a shadow of violence and recklessness ...

880-534: Is nothing." said the Archduke in a weak but audible voice. He seemed to be losing consciousness during his last few minutes, but, his voice growing steadily weaker, he repeated the phrase perhaps six or seven times more. A rattle began to issue from his throat, which subsided as the car drew in front of the Konak bersibin (Town Hall). Despite several doctors' efforts, the Archduke died shortly after being carried into

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960-591: The .380 ACP cartridge provided him by Serbian Army Military Intelligence Lieutenant-Colonel and Black Hand leader Dragutin Dimitrijević . Franz Ferdinand's aides attempted to undo his coat but realized they needed scissors to cut it open: the outer lapel had been sewn to the inner front of the jacket for a smoother fit to improve his appearance to the public. Whether or not as a result of this obstacle, his wound could not be attended to in time to save him, and he died within minutes. Sophie also died en route to

1040-622: The Annexation crisis ) erupted into public view when on October 5, 1908, the Kingdom of Bulgaria declared its complete independence from Ottoman Empire and on October 6, 1908, when Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , which was populated mainly by South Slavs . Austria-Hungary had ambitions of imperialistic expansion and saw the Balkans in the same way that other colonial powers saw Africa or Asia. This idea

1120-713: The Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad on a private Pullman car named Mascotte, and staying at the Lexington Hotel , before continuing through to New York and returning to Europe. Franz Ferdinand had a fondness for trophy hunting that was excessive even by the standards of European nobility in his day. In his diaries he kept track of 272,511 game kills, 5,000 of which were deer . About 100,000 trophies were on exhibit at his Bohemian castle at Konopiště which he also stuffed with various antiquities, his other great passion. Franz Ferdinand, like most males in

1200-620: The Duke of Portland at Welbeck Abbey , Nottinghamshire , where they arrived on 22 November. He attended a service at the local Catholic church in Worksop . Franz Ferdinand and the Duke of Portland went game shooting on the Welbeck estate when, according to Portland's memoirs, Men, Women and Things : One of the loaders fell down. This caused both barrels of the gun he was carrying to be discharged,

1280-526: The First Balkan War of 1912, territories of Kosovo and north-western Macedonia were internationally recognised as a part of Serbia and northern Metohija as a part of Montenegro at the Treaty of London of May 1913. In a report to Rome , Lazër Mjeda , Archbishop of Skopje, estimated that 25,000 Albanians were killed by Serbian forces during and after the conflict. The old disagreements regarding

1360-787: The Great Exoduses of the Serbs , in 1690 and in 18th century, between 1718 and 1739, from various territories under the rule of the Ottoman Empire , particularly the Kosovo Vilayet, to the Kingdom of Hungary under the Habsburg monarchy . As a result, from 1830 to 1876, it has been estimated that up to 150,000 Albanians that lived in the territories of the Principality of Serbia emigrated or were expelled . In 1867

1440-582: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . The new country continued to be ruled by the Serbian monarchy when in August 1921 Prince Alexandar I became king. In 1888 People's Radical Party led by Sava Grujić and Nikola Pašić came to power and a new constitution , based on the liberal Constitution of Belgium was introduced. The lost war and the Radical Party's total electoral victory were some of

1520-465: The Ottoman army garrisons retreated from the Principality, securing its de facto independence. Serbia expanded further to the south-east in 1878, when it won full international recognition at the Congress of Berlin . After the 1877–1878 expansion, in the new areas (present-day Jablanica , Toplica and parts of Nišava District ) an estimated 49,000–130,000 Albanians were expelled ( Expulsion of

1600-591: The Republic of North Macedonia but land-locked Serbia was prevented from gaining access to the Adriatic Sea by the newly established Principality of Albania . As the result of these wars, Serbia's population increased from 2.9 million to 4.5 million and territory increased by 81%. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo (then part of Austria-Hungary ) brought

1680-500: The 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip , a member of Young Bosnia . Franz Ferdinand's assassination led to the July Crisis and precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia , which in turn triggered a series of events that eventually led – four weeks after his death – to Austria-Hungary's allies and Serbia's allies declaring war on each other, starting World War I. Franz Ferdinand

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1760-633: The Albanians 1877–1878 ), settling mainly in Kosovo. These events marked the beginning of the Serbian-Albanian conflict . The Serbo-Bulgarian War erupted on November 14, 1885, and lasted until November 28 of the same year. The war ended in defeat for Serbia, as it had failed to capture the Slivnitsa region which it had set out to achieve. Bulgarians successfully repelled the Serbs after

1840-598: The Austro-Hungarian throne. His courtship of Sophie Chotek , a lady-in-waiting , caused conflict within the imperial household, and their morganatic marriage in 1900 was only allowed after he renounced his descendants' rights to the throne. Franz Ferdinand held significant influence over the military, and in 1913 he was appointed inspector general of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces. On 28 June 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo by

1920-537: The General Staff. Beck's successor, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf , was personally selected by Franz Ferdinand. Franz in 1913, as heir-presumptive to the elderly emperor, had been appointed inspector general of all the armed forces of Austria-Hungary ( Generalinspektor der gesamten bewaffneten Macht ), a position superior to that previously held by Archduke Albrecht and including presumed command in wartime. In 1894, Franz Ferdinand met Countess Sophie Chotek ,

2000-722: The Habsburg dynasty and reportedly became angry when officers of the 9th Hussars Regiment (which he commanded) spoke Hungarian in his presence – despite the fact that it was the official regimental language. He further regarded the Hungarian branch of the Dual Monarchy's army, the Honvédség , as an unreliable and potentially threatening force within the empire, complaining at the Hungarians' failure to provide funds for

2080-400: The Hungarians were less generous, often described as antipathy. For example, in 1904 he wrote that "The Hungarians are all rabble, regardless of whether they are minister or duke, cardinal or burgher, peasant, hussar, domestic servant, or revolutionary", and he regarded even István Tisza as a revolutionary and "patented traitor". He regarded Hungarian nationalism as a revolutionary threat to

2160-662: The Obrenović family were shot as well. This act resulted in the extinction of the House of Obrenović , which had been ruling Serbia since 1817. After the May Coup the Serbian Skupština invited Peter Karađorđević to assume the Serbian crown as Peter I of Serbia . A constitutional monarchy was created with the military Black Hand society operating behind the scenes. The traditionally good relations with Austria-Hungary ended, as

2240-470: The armed forces even when he did not hold a specific command through a military chancery that produced and received documents and papers on military affairs. This was headed by Alexander Brosch von Aarenau  [ de ] and eventually employed a staff of sixteen. His authority was reinforced in 1907 when he secured the retirement of the Emperor's confidant Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky as Chief of

2320-674: The assassination, the conspirators were arrested in Bosnia-Herzegovina and tried in Sarajevo in October 1914. The political objective of the assassination was to break the southern Slav provinces off from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered a chain of international events that embroiled Russia and the major European powers in the conflict. On July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia. In 1915 Serbia

2400-459: The building while his beloved wife was almost certainly dead from internal bleeding before the motorcade reached the Konak. The assassinations, along with the arms race , nationalism , imperialism , militarism of Imperial Germany and the alliance system all contributed to the origins of World War I , which began a month after Franz Ferdinand's death, with Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand

2480-530: The bullet in his neck, Franz Ferdinand pleaded: " Sopherl! Sopherl! Sterbe nicht! Bleibe am Leben für unsere Kinder!  – Sophie dear! Don't die! Stay alive for our children!" Having said this, he seemed to sag down himself. His plumed hat ... fell off; many of its green feathers were found all over the car floor. Count Harrach seized the Archduke by the uniform collar to hold him up. He asked " Leiden Eure Kaiserliche Hoheit sehr?  – Is Your Imperial Highness suffering very badly?" " Es ist nichts.  – It

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2560-468: The collapse of Austria-Hungary , Serbia experienced a loss of 28 percent of its pre-war population and went through radical changes after the liberation, all within days. On November 28, 1918, it absorbed the Kingdom of Montenegro at the Podgorica Assembly . On December 1, 1918, Serbia united with the newly created State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs to form a new southern Slav state,

2640-738: The crisis to an end. The crisis permanently damaged relations between Austria-Hungary on the one hand and Russia and Serbia on the other. The annexation and reactions to the annexation were some of the contributing causes of World War I. In 1890, it was divided into 15 districts ( okruzi ) which were further divided into counties ( srezovi ). Cities of Belgrade and Niš had special administrative status. The districts were: Valjevo , Vranje , Kragujevac , Krajina , Kruševac , Morava , Pirot , Podrinje , Podunavlje , Požarevac , Rudnik , Timok , Toplica , Užice and Crna Reka . In 1912 and 1913 Serbia enlarged its territory after victorious First Balkan War . In August 1913, 11 new districts were formed in

2720-424: The daughter of Emperor Franz Joseph, observed that her father had placed more trust in the newly designated heir, his grandnephew Archduke Charles. The emperor confessed to his daughter about the assassination, stating: "For me, it is a relief from a great worry." "The three cornerstones of Ferdinand’s political conviction were clericalism, anti-democratic views, and anti-Hungarianism,” and the basis of his worldview

2800-580: The decisive victory at the Battle of Slivnitsa and advanced into Serbian territory taking Pirot and clearing the way to Niš . When Austria-Hungary declared that it would join the war on the side of Serbia, Bulgaria withdrew from Serbia leaving the Serbo-Bulgarian border precisely where it had been prior to the war. The peace treaty was signed on February 19, 1886, in Bucharest . As a result of

2880-609: The dual system in 1867 had been disastrous and that, when he ascended the throne, he intended to re-establish strong central government: this objective, he believed, could be attained only by the simultaneous granting of far-reaching administrative autonomy to all the nationalities of the monarchy. In a letter of February 1, 1913, to Berchtold , the Foreign Minister, in which he gave his reasons for not wanting war with Serbia, Franz Ferdinand said that "irredentism in our country ... will cease immediately if our Slavs are given

2960-529: The east, south, and west. In the first decades of the principality, the population was about 85% Serb and 15% non-Serb. Of those, most were Vlachs, and there were some Turkicized Muslim Albanians, which were the overwhelming majority of the Muslims that lived in Smederevo , Kladovo and Ćuprija . The new state aimed to homogenize its population, especially after two Great Migrations of the Serbs also known as

3040-734: The empire's nationalities while others have emphasized his dynastic centralism, Catholic conservatism, and tendency to clash with other leaders. He advocated granting greater autonomy to ethnic groups within the Empire and addressing their grievances, especially the Czechs in Bohemia and the south Slavic peoples in Croatia and Bosnia , who had been left out of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 . Yet his feelings towards

3120-584: The end of World War I in 1918 it united with Vojvodina and the Kingdom of Montenegro , and in December 1918 it merged with the newly created State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as Kingdom of Yugoslavia ) under the continued rule of the Karađorđević dynasty . The Principality of Serbia was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as

3200-514: The far more burdensome sway of the Magyars over the Slav and Romanian nationalities which in 1848–49 had saved the dynasty in armed combat with the Hungarian revolution. Baron Margutti ( de ) , Francis Joseph's aide-de-camp, was told by Francis Ferdinand in 1895 and – with a remarkable consistency in view of the changes that took place in the intervening years – again in 1913, that the introduction of

3280-644: The formal independence of the Principality of Serbia , and in its composition Nišava , Pirot , Toplica and Vranje districts entered the South part of Serbia . In 1882, Serbia was elevated to the status of a kingdom, maintaining a foreign policy friendly to Austria-Hungary . Between 1912 and 1913, Serbia greatly enlarged its territory through engagement in the First and Second Balkan Wars – Sandžak-Raška , Kosovo Vilayet and Vardar Macedonia were annexed. At

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3360-592: The heir to the throne wrote as margin notes to the documents of the Imperial central commission for architectural conservation (where he was Protector) reveal what can be described as "choleric conservatism." The Italian historian Leo Valiani provided the following description. Francis Ferdinand was a prince of absolutist inclinations, but he had certain intellectual gifts and undoubted moral earnestness. One of his projects – though because of his impatient, suspicious, almost hysterical temperament, his commitment to it, and

3440-411: The hospital. A detailed account of the shooting can be found in Sarajevo by Joachim Remak: One bullet pierced Franz Ferdinand's neck while the other pierced Sophie's abdomen. ... As the car was reversing (to go back to the Governor's residence because the entourage thought the Imperial couple were unhurt) a thin streak of blood shot from the Archduke's mouth onto Count Harrach's right cheek (he

3520-477: The imperial family present were Franz Ferdinand's stepmother, Princess Maria Theresa of Braganza , and her two daughters. Upon the marriage, Sophie was given the title "Princess of Hohenberg" ( Fürstin von Hohenberg ) with the style "Her Serene Highness" ( Ihre Durchlaucht ). In 1909, she was given the more senior title "Duchess of Hohenberg" ( Herzogin von Hohenberg ) with the style "Her Highness" ( Ihre Hoheit ). This raised her status considerably, but she

3600-502: The joint army and opposing the formation of artillery units within the Hungarian forces. He also advocated a cautious approach towards Serbia  – repeatedly locking horns with Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf , Vienna's hard-line Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff , warning that harsh treatment of Serbia would bring Austria-Hungary into open conflict with Russia , to the ruin of both empires. He

3680-602: The medical center was transferred from Gang Pool to the newly purchased building. On 12 January 1898, the status of the medical center was upgraded to a hospital. It became the first Christian Hospital in Indonesia. To honor the generosity of Queen Emma of Netherlands, the building was named Konningin Emma Ziekenhuis (Queen Emma's Hospital). During the Japanese Occupation (1942–1945), Cikini Hospital

3760-524: The methods by which he proposed to bring it about, often changed – was to consolidate the structure of the state and the authority and popularity of the Crown, on which he saw clearly that the fate of the dynasty depended, by abolishing, if not the dominance of the German Austrians, which he wished to maintain for military reasons, though he wanted to diminish it in the civil administration, certainly

3840-726: The new dynasty relied on the support of the Russian Empire and closer cooperation with Kingdom of Bulgaria . In April 1904 the Friendship treaty and in June 1905 the customs union with Bulgaria were signed. In response Austria-Hungary imposed a Tariff War ( Pig war ) of 1906–1909. After the 1906 elections the People's Radical Party came to power. In 1908 Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia, where Serbia had hoped to expand its territory. The Bosnian Crisis of 1908–1909 (also referred to as

3920-486: The newly liberated areas: Bitola , Debar , Kavadarci , Novi Pazar , Kumanovo , Pljevlja , Prizren , Priština , Skopje , Tetovo and Štip . During its existence, the Kingdom was ruled by two competing dynasties: the House of Obrenović and the House of Karađorđević . King Milan Obrenović ruled from 6 March 1882 to 6 March 1889, when he abdicated the throne. He was succeeded by his son, Aleksandar Obrenović , who ruled from 6 March 1889 to 11 June 1903, when he

4000-565: The obligation to sign commercial contracts was imposed on Serbia, as well as a claim to carry out regulation works in Đerdap . Serbian Government approved this treaty by adopting the Law on Proclamation of the convention. Consequently, Serbian Railways were formed in 1881. The regular traffic on the railway line Belgrade–Niš started in 1884. The Kingdom of Serbia participated in the International Exhibition of Art of 1911 , with

4080-550: The reasons why King Milan I abdicated in 1889. His son Alexander I assumed the throne in 1893 and in 1894 dismissed the constitution. Jews from modern-day North Macedonia got their citizen rights after the region became a part of Kingdom of Serbia. King Alexander I of Serbia and his unpopular wife Queen Draga were assassinated inside the Royal Palace in Belgrade on the night of 28–29 May 1903. Other representatives of

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4160-500: The ruling Habsburg line, entered the Austro-Hungarian Army at a young age. He was frequently and rapidly promoted, given the rank of lieutenant at age fourteen, captain at twenty-two, colonel at twenty-seven, and major general at thirty-one. While never receiving formal staff training, he was considered eligible for command and at one point briefly led the primarily Hungarian 9th Hussar Regiment. In 1898 he

4240-433: The shot passing within a few feet of the archduke and myself. I have often wondered whether the Great War might not have been averted, or at least postponed, had the archduke met his death there and not in Sarajevo the following year. On Sunday, 28 June 1914, at about 10:45 am, Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo , the capital of the Austro-Hungarian province of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The perpetrator

4320-428: The street. He instantly seized his opportunity and walked across the street and shot the royal couple. He first shot Sophie in the abdomen and then shot Franz Ferdinand in the neck. Franz leaned over his crying wife. He was still alive when witnesses arrived to render aid. His dying words to Sophie were, "Don't die darling, live for our children." Princip's weapon was the pocket-sized FN Model 1910 pistol chambered for

4400-428: The tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia to a head. Behind the assassination in Sarajevo was the secret Serbian officers organization Black Hand . The assassins were supported by an "underground railroad" of Serbian civilians and military officers that provided transportation and hid them; members of the Serbian military that trained them, encouraged them, and provided weapons, maps, and other information. After

4480-415: The territory of Macedonia among the members of the Balkan League and primarily Serbia and Bulgaria, led to the Second Balkan War . Here, Serbia, Greece, Romania, the Ottoman Empire, and Montenegro fought against Bulgaria in 1913. The final borders were ratified at the Treaty of Bucharest of 1913 . Serbia came to control the land which became known as Vardar Macedonia , and today stands independent as

4560-441: The throne. Sophie would not share her husband's rank, title, precedence , or privileges, nor would she normally appear in public beside him. She would not be allowed to ride in the royal carriage or sit in the royal box in theaters. The wedding took place on 1 July 1900, at Reichstadt (now Zákupy ) in Bohemia ; Franz Joseph did not attend the ceremony, nor did Franz Ferdinand's brothers or any other archduke. The only members of

4640-446: The war started, Serbia, together with Montenegro, conquered Pristina and Novi Pazar . At the Battle of Kumanovo Serbs defeated the Ottoman army and proceeded to conquer Skopje and the whole of Kosovo vilayet . The region of Metohija was taken by Montenegro. At Bitola and Ohrid Serbian army units established contact with the Greek army. Populations of ethnic Serbs and Albanians tended to shift following territorial conquests. As

4720-406: The war, European powers acknowledged the act of Unification of Bulgaria which happened on September 6, 1885. Negotiations between Russia, Serbia and Bulgaria led to the Serbian-Bulgarian Treaty of Alliance of March 1912, which aimed to conquer and to divide the Ottoman held Macedonia. In May, a Serbian-Greek alliance was reached and in October 1912, a Serbia-Montenegro alliance was signed. After

4800-486: The wealthiest men in Austria. In 1889, Franz Ferdinand's life changed dramatically. His cousin Crown Prince Rudolf committed suicide at his hunting lodge in Mayerling . This left Franz Ferdinand's father, Karl Ludwig, first in line to the throne. When Karl Ludwig died of typhoid fever in 1896, Franz Ferdinand became the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. Despite this burden, he found time for travel and personal pursuits, such as his circumnavigation of

4880-419: The world between 1892 and 1893. After visiting India he spent time hunting kangaroos and emus in Australia in 1893, then travelled on to Nouméa , New Hebrides , Solomon Islands , New Guinea , Sarawak , Hong Kong and Japan. After sailing across the Pacific on the RMS Empress of China from Yokohama to Vancouver he crossed the United States, arriving at the World's Columbian Exposition 1893 on

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4960-473: Was 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip , a member of Young Bosnia and one of a group of assassins organized and armed by the Black Hand . Earlier in the day, the couple had been attacked by Nedeljko Čabrinović , also a Young Bosnia conspirator, who had thrown a grenade at their car. However, the bomb detonated behind them, injuring the occupants in the following car. On arriving at the Governor's residence, Franz asked "So you welcome your guests with bombs!" After

5040-479: Was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia , Milan I , was proclaimed king in 1882. Since 1817, the Principality was ruled by the Obrenović dynasty (replaced by the Karađorđević dynasty for a short time). The Principality, under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire , de facto achieved full independence when the very last Ottoman troops left Belgrade in 1867. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 recognized

5120-422: Was a prominent and influential supporter of the Austro-Hungarian Navy in a time when sea power was not a priority in Austrian foreign policy and the Navy was relatively little known or supported by the public. After his assassination in 1914, the Navy honoured Franz Ferdinand and his wife with a lying in state aboard SMS Viribus Unitis . Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his Castle of Artstetten were selected as

5200-431: Was born in Graz , Austria , the eldest son of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (the younger brother of Franz Joseph and Maximilian ) and of his second wife, Princess Maria Annunziata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies . In 1875, when he was eleven years old, his cousin Francis V, Duke of Modena , died, naming Franz Ferdinand his heir on condition that he add the name "Este" to his own. This inheritance made Franz Ferdinand one of

5280-437: Was by the coup d'état . However, he finally did accept and was the Kingdom's sovereign from 15 June 1903 to 1 December 1918, the day that the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was proclaimed. The largest cities in the Kingdom of Serbia were (with population figures from c. 1910–1912): Serbia was geographically located in the path of several trade routes linking Western and Central Europe with Middle East. Morava Valley

5360-443: Was disappointed when Austria-Hungary failed to act as a great power, such as during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900. Other nations, including, in his description, "dwarf states like Belgium and Portugal", had soldiers stationed in China, but Austria-Hungary did not. However, Austria-Hungary did participate in the Eight-Nation Alliance to suppress the Boxers, and sent soldiers as part of the "international relief force". Franz Ferdinand

5440-405: Was given a commission "at the special disposition of His Majesty" to make inquiries into all aspects of the military services and military agencies were commanded to share their papers with him. He also held honorary ranks in the Austro-Hungarian Navy , and received the rank of admiral at the close of the Austro-Hungarian naval maneuvers in September 1902. Franz Ferdinand exerted influence on

5520-432: Was handed over to Indonesian Church Council (Dewan Gereja-gereja di Indonesia - DGI), with Prof. Dr. Joedono as the acting director. Afterwards, Dr. H. Sinaga was appointed as the first official director of the hospital. Stichting Medische Voorziening Koningen Emma Ziekenhuis Tjikini Foundation was then renamed to Yayasan Rumah Sakit DGI Tjikini. On 31 March 1989, due to the name change from DGI to PGI, Yayasan RS DGI Tjikini

5600-500: Was in the strategically important terrestrial route that linked Central Europe with Greece and Constantinople. During the 19th century major efforts were made to improve the transport in this connections. At the Congress of Berlin in 1878, Austria-Hungary helped Serbia to gain new territories, conditioning Serbia, however, to sign a new convention. The convention obliged Serbia to construct the railway line from Belgrade to Vranje and Turkish and Bulgarian borders in three years. In addition,

5680-399: Was killed by a group of officers. The slaughter of the royal couple (the king and Queen Draga ) by the Black Hand shocked Europe. This opened the way for the descendants of Karađorđe (Karageorge), regarded by Serbs throughout the Balkans as the man who threw off the Turkish yoke, to return to the throne. Petar Karađorđević was initially reluctant to accept the crown, disgusted as he

5760-519: Was occupied by foreign troops after a combined invasion by Austro-Hungarian , German , and Bulgarian troops. The 135,000 soldiers of the Serbian Army retreated through Albania and were evacuated to the Greek island of Corfu , and in spring, 1916, they became part of a newly formed Salonika front . In 1916, the Kingdom of Montenegro was conquered by Austria-Hungary. At the end of the war and

5840-463: Was opened in Gang Pool (near the state palace) on 1 September 1895 as a health service facility. Dominee Cornelis de Graaf and his wife sought funding to start this venture and managed to acquire around 100,000 gulden (which was the currency for Netherlands at the time) from Queen Emma of Netherlands . This funding allowed De Graaf to purchase the mansion which belonged to Raden Saleh in June 1897 and

5920-513: Was renamed to Yayasan Kesehatan PGI Cikini. Cikini Hospital is surrounded by a large garden which used to be a botanical garden and a zoo. Cikini Hospital has many specialties onsite including: Besides a hospital, Yayasan Kesehatan PGI Cikini also runs a nursing academy called Akademi Perawatan RS PGI Cikini , which offers diploma and bachelor's degrees in nursing. Franz Ferdinand Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914)

6000-411: Was severely opposed by the Serbian public and intelligentsia , mainly gathered around Serbian Literary Herald ( Srpski književni glasnik ). Russia , the Ottoman Empire , Britain, the Kingdom of Italy , Serbia, the Principality of Montenegro , German Empire and France took an interest in these events. In April 1909, the 1878 Treaty of Berlin was amended to accept the new status quo and bringing

6080-409: Was standing on the car's running board). Harrach drew out a handkerchief to still the gushing blood. The Duchess, seeing this, called: "For Heaven's sake! What happened to you?" and sank from her seat, her face falling between her husband's knees. Harrach and Potoriek ... thought she had fainted ... only her husband seemed to have an instinct for what was happening. Turning to his wife despite

6160-455: Was still required to yield precedence at court to all the archduchesses. Whenever a function required the couple to assemble with the other members of the imperial family, Sophie had to stand far down the line, separated from her husband. Franz Ferdinand's children were: Franz Ferdinand and Sophie visited England in the autumn of 1913, spending a week with George V and Queen Mary at Windsor Castle before going to stay for another week with

6240-624: Was that “politics is a matter only for the ruler, while the people, the masses have to obey.” Franz Ferdinand often complained that in Hungary, the glorification of revolutionary hero Lajos Kossuth , the decline of the monarchical principle, and the dominance of the Freemasons and the Jewish people was prevalent. Historians have disagreed on how to characterize the political philosophies of Franz Ferdinand, some attributing generally liberal views on

6320-417: Was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary . His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of World War I . Franz Ferdinand was the eldest son of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria , the younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria . Following the death of Crown Prince Rudolf in 1889 and the death of Karl Ludwig in 1896, Franz Ferdinand became the heir presumptive to

6400-589: Was used as a hospital for the Japanese Navy . After the Japanese Occupation (August 1945 – December 1948). Cikini Hospital was managed by Repatriation of Allied Prisoners of War and Internees ( RAPWI ) and eventually by Dienst der Volksgezondheid (DVG). In 1948, the management of Cikini Hospital was handed over to a private foundation led by R.F. Bozkelman. In 1957, the management of Stichting Medische Voorziening Koningen Emma Ziekenhuis Tjikini

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