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41-520: The museum provides a home to five organizations: The Museum of Natural History & Science includes a space called Dinosaur Hall, featuring skeletons and fossils, including skeletons in the Galeamopus , Daspletosaurus , and Torvosaurus genera. The Torvosaurus skeleton, installed in 2018, is the most complete skeleton of the genus, at 55 percent complete, and the only Torvosaurus skeleton publicly exhibited. The natural history museum also includes

82-578: A Graeter's location. In January 2019, the terminal gained another museum as a tenant, the Nancy & David Wolf Holocaust and Humanity Center, in the former space of the History Library. One of the museum center's largest events is its annual 1940s Day, a celebration of the decade, every year on the second weekend in August. The event includes a classic car show, swing dancing , big band music, and

123-610: A bunch of jitterbugs out there on the floor due to their fast, often bouncy movements." The term "swing dancing" is often extended to include other dances that do not have certain characteristics of traditional swing dances: West Coast Swing , Carolina Shag , East Coast Swing , Hand Dancing , Jive , Rock and Roll , Modern Jive , and other dances developed during the 1940s and later. A strong tradition of social and competitive boogie woogie and Rock 'n' Roll in Europe add these dances to their local swing dance cultures. Swing dancing

164-475: A discussion on healthcare in 2008. Presidential nominee John Kerry gave a speech in 2004. In 2002, sitting president George W. Bush made his case for declaring war with Iraq . Presidential nominee and former vice president Joe Biden gave a speech at the terminal in 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic . Beside speeches, vice president Dan Quayle visited the museum in 1991, and president Dwight D. Eisenhower

205-674: A nearly complete skeleton with associated skull. The first specimen referred to Galeamopus was collected by Marshall P. Felch in September, 1884 at his quarry in Garden Park , Colorado . The specimen consisted of a partial skull and mandibles, which Felch sent to his employer at the Yale Peabody Museum , Othniel Charles Marsh , but was later deposited at the National Museum of Natural History (USNM V 2673). It

246-450: A nearly complete skull and the atlas-axis complex preserved in articulation, and it was also referred to Diplodocus until Tschopp’s reassessment, which placed it as a specimen of Galeamopus hayi . In 2015, it was renamed as the separate genus Galeamopus by Emanuel Tschopp , Octávio Mateus and Roger Benson . The generic name is derived from Latin galeam , the accusative of galea , "helmet", and opus , "need". The combination

287-466: A reproduction of a limestone cave. The exhibit, titled "The Cave", was first installed as "The Cavern" in the museum's Gilbert Avenue location in 1967, ten years after the location opened. It was reinstalled in Union Terminal around 1994. It was designed to resemble Mammoth Cave National Park , the longest cave system in the world, in nearby Kentucky. Workers with extensive cave knowledge sculpted

328-529: A vintage costume contest. The museum center began hosting 1940s-themed celebrations during its 75th anniversary celebration in 2008. It celebrates the 1940s, which was the peak passenger traffic period for Union Terminal, especially during World War II. The museum center is also host to public speakers, including then-presidential candidate Hillary Clinton speaking alongside 2020 candidate Elizabeth Warren in 2016. Mitt Romney held his first presidential rally there in 2012, while then-candidate Barack Obama held

369-547: Is a genus of herbivorous diplodocid sauropod dinosaurs . It contains two known species: Galeamopus hayi , known from the Late Jurassic lower Morrison Formation ( Kimmeridgian age, about 155 million years ago) of Wyoming , United States, and Galeamopus pabsti , known from the Late Jurassic fossils from Wyoming and Colorado . The type species is known from one of the most well preserved diplodocid fossils,

410-532: Is a group of social dances that developed with the swing style of jazz music in the 1920s–1940s, with the origins of each dance predating the popular " swing era ". Hundreds of styles of swing dancing were developed; those that have survived beyond that era include Charleston , Balboa , Lindy Hop , and Collegiate Shag . Today, the best-known of these dances is the Lindy Hop, which originated in Harlem in

451-411: Is based on the three "T's" as well as showmanship. Most competition dance floors can only hold about 12 couples dancing at a time. If the number of participants is larger than what the floor can hold, the competition will hold qualifying rounds. Once they get to 24 couples there will then be the quarterfinal round (2 separate rounds of about 12 each), then the semifinal (1 round of about 12), and finally

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492-399: Is intended as a translation of Wil-helm, literally "want helmet", in reference to the first name of both Utterback and Holland. The name is at the same time an allusion to the fact that the brittle braincase of the type specimen is in need of a helmet. The genoholotype is HMNS 175 (previously CM 662), the original skeleton. It was found in layer of the lower Morrison Formation dating from

533-660: The Kimmeridgian . This specimen is also the holotype of Galeamopus hayi , the combinatio nova of the type species D. hayi . Several other specimens were referred to the genus Galeamopus but not to Galeamopus hayi . All of the specimens referred to Galeamopus are from the Morrison Formation , with 3 of the 4 specimens collected in Wyoming. SMA 0011, a skeleton nicknamed "Max" and found in June 1995 at

574-481: The 2004 levy for further repairs. From July 2016 until November 2018, the museum was shut down in order to complete a $ 228 million renovation throughout the entire building, in addition to restoring numerous rooms original to the building. The renovation was approved by Hamilton County voters through an increased sales tax, bringing $ 176 million, and was also funded by $ 5 million in state grants, $ 7.5 million in donations, and $ 39 million in federal historic tax credits. It

615-551: The Cinergy Children's Museum in October 1998. In 2004, the county again approved an operating levy for the building's operating costs and capital repairs. In 2009, the museum center began a project to restore the southwest wing of the terminal, including new roofing, masonry repairs, a new HVAC system, and restoration of four dining rooms on the south side of the terminal. In 2009, county residents approved an extension of

656-614: The Historical Society and Museum of Natural History in creating the Heritage Center at Union Terminal. The first exhibit shown in the terminal was U.S.S.R.: Individual, Family, Society in February 1988, in a cultural agreement between US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev . The museum as a whole opened on November 10, 1990, though it had its "grand opening day" on November 2, 1991, with

697-565: The Howe-Stephens Quarry, was considered sufficiently different from the others to consider naming a separate species for it. The skeleton included a nearly complete skull and mandibles and the majority of the anterior postcranial skeleton. In 2017, the "Max" specimen was made the type specimen of a second Galeamopus species, G. pabsti , by Tschopp and Mateus. It was named after the Swiss paleontologist Dr. Ben Pabst, who discovered

738-752: The Terminal Inc. The Grand E.M. Skinner Concert Organ is a blend of two former instruments. The primary instrument was the Skinner Opus 660, which was installed at Immaculate Conception Roman Catholic Church in East Germantown , a neighborhood of Philadelphia . The other portion is an antiphonal division, originally a smaller organ (Skinner Opus 726) in Powel Crosley Jr. 's Cincinnati residence, Pinecroft . The Opus 660 portion speaks from hidden chambers behind grills on either side of

779-576: The United States to ensure that couples dance at the appropriate level of experience. The World Swing Dance Council holds a Registry of all points attained at different levels of competition. There is no points system for the majority of Lindy Hop competitions. Swing dancing falls under the American Rhythm category. There are several different categories at competitions depending on what type of dance you do. Judging for competition

820-684: The United States. Museum center officials were unsure if people would travel to the new museums as predicted, though the center became the fourth-largest attraction in the area, behind the Cincinnati Reds , Kings Island , and the Cincinnati Zoo . The renovations included the installation of the Grand E.M. Skinner Concert Organ. In 1995, the entities officially merged to create the Cincinnati Museum Center, also joined by

861-498: The cave from gunite . The exhibit has two levels and spans for 500 feet. It includes an underground stream and vertical cavities (dome pits), one of which is 40 feet high. Holiday Junction is an annual rail-themed event at the museum center. Beginning in the early 1980s, the Cincinnati Historical Society and Cincinnati Museum of Natural History were searching for larger spaces. Both had their origins in

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902-483: The early 1930s. While the majority of swing dances began in African-American communities as vernacular African-American dances , some influenced swing-era dances, like Balboa, developed outside of these communities. "Swing dance" was not commonly used to identify a group of dances until the latter half of the 20th century. Historically, the term swing referred to the style of jazz music, which inspired

943-452: The early-mid 1800s, and the historical society was interested in creating a museum. The most favorable options in their studies were to join in occupying space in Union Terminal. In May 1986, the voters of the surrounding county approved $ 33 million in funding to transform the building into museum space. The state of Ohio provided $ 8 million, the city provided $ 3 million, while about 3,000 individuals, corporations, and foundations also donated to

984-428: The effort. Talk show host and former Cincinnati mayor Jerry Springer was one of the major proponents of saving the building and transforming it into a museum. The terminal's 200,000 square feet of underground space, then used as parking space, as well as its taxi and bus ramps, were renovated into exhibition space. The main concourse was restored, retail space was refurbished, and the theater was restored. The entrance to

1025-477: The evolution of the dance. Jitterbug is any form of swing dance, though it is often used as a synonym for the six-count derivative of Lindy Hop called "East Coast Swing". It was also common to use the word to identify a kind of dancer (i.e., a swing dancer ). A "jitterbug" might prefer to dance Lindy Hop, Shag, or any of the other swing dances. The term was famously associated with swing era band leader Cab Calloway because, as he put it, "[The dancers] look like

1066-409: The front and the inside, which are separate from the rear wing of the spine. This rear wing shows a continuous transverse width over most of its length. The neural arch of the atlas has on each side of its base a small triangular spur. The second neck vertebra, the axis , has a neural spine with a knob-shaped bump on the front end of the ridge on its front side. With the middle and rear neck vertebrae,

1107-455: The hallway and stairs, grills that formerly fronted the terminal's ticket windows. The Opus 726 portion speaks from a chamber behind a window above the history museum entrance. Both instruments were built in 1929, when the station building began construction. The Skinner Opus 660 was sold to the museum center in 1987, which installed it during its 1990s renovations. Galeamopus Diplodocus hayi Holland, 1924 (type) Galeamopus

1148-647: The museum were stored in the Geier Center, the museum's research and storage facility, and in various traveling exhibits across the country. The building and museum center had their reopening ceremony on November 17, 2018. The terminal expanded its foodservice contract from 2014 for operation of three dining rooms on the main concourse, two on the lower level, a retail shop, and other rotating operations. The main level operation Cup and Pint now serves pizzas, coffee, and draft beer, while Nourish 513 serves sandwiches, salads, and fast food. The Rookwood Tea Room reopened as

1189-409: The preservation and promotion of the broad range of dance and music styles more commonly known as bop, all forms of swing, jitterbug, and shag. The swing dance competitions use one of the few formats ("categories"): In West Coast Swing the competitions are divided into sections by level of experience. The levels are Newcomer, Novice, Intermediate, Advanced and All-Star. There is no official system in

1230-413: The ridge between the rear joint processes, the postzygapophyses , does not extend beyond the rear edge of the neural arch. The study also determined six autapomorphies of the type species Galeamopus hayi alone. The part of the parietal bone forming the edge between the rear skull and the skull roof is low, with a height less than that of the foramen magnum . The appending basipterygoid processes at

1271-526: The skeleton was referred to Diplodocus by William Jacob Holland when he described its braincase. The specimen was classified by Holland as a new species of Diplodocus , Diplodocus hayi , in 1924. The specific name honored Oliver Perry Hay . Another Galeamopus specimen was discovered and collected by Peter Kaisen in 1903 at Bone Cabin Quarry , Wyoming during an American Museum of Natural History expedition. This specimen (AMNH 969) consisted of

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1312-401: The specimen and helped mount the skeleton at Sauriermuseum Aathal . The 2015 study established seven distinguishing traits of the genus as such. These were autapomorphies , unique derived characters. On the back of the skull, the paroccipital process is curved in side view. The teeth have paired wear facets. The first neck vertebra, the atlas , has a neural spine with processes pointing to

1353-582: The terminal in 1933, the dedication book published by the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, a collection of Union Terminal and Western Hills viaduct photographs taken between 1929 and 1933, a collection of construction photographs, source photographs for the Winold Reiss murals that decorate Union Terminal, Cincinnati Union Terminal Company records for 1940-1963 and 1968–1972, menus from the restaurants housed at Union Terminal, and papers from Save

1394-1048: The top surface of the shinbone forms a pinched process, behind the cnemial crest at the front. Combined, there are thirteen autapomorphies present in Galeamopus , exactly the minimum the study used as a criterion to distinguish separate genera. The cladogram below shows one hypothesis on the relationships of Galeamopus to other diplodocids, as found by the analysis of Tschopp & Mateus (2017). Apatosaurus ajax Apatosaurus louisae Brontosaurus excelsus Amphicoelias altus Brontosaurus yahnahpin Brontosaurus parvus Kaatedocus siberi Tornieria africana Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis Supersaurus vivianae Leinkupal laticauda Galeamopus hayi Galeamopus pabsti Barosaurus lentus Diplodocus carnegii Diplodocus hallorum [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Swing dancing Swing dance

1435-536: The train concourse was renovated into the Omnimax theater, and the men's lounge became Amtrak's waiting room and ticket counter. In 1986, the Union Terminal Association (UTA) was created to facilitate long-term preservation of the terminal. The organization included community members and city and county officials. The UTA leased the building from the city and searched for tenants. The UTA joined

1476-563: The two museum's first permanent exhibits there. The original members of the museum center were the Cincinnati Historical Society Library, Cincinnati History Museum, Cincinnati Museum of Natural History, and the Robert D. Lindner Family Omnimax Theater. The museum center opened with the largest display of robotic dinosaurs, the largest World War II commemorative exhibit, and one of fourteen Omnimax theaters in

1517-408: The underside of the braincase strongly diverge at an angle of more than 60°. The ulna of the lower arm is long, with a minimum length equalling 76% of the humerus , upper arm bone, length. The surface on the radius contacting the ulna is limited in size and relatively smooth. The joint surface at the underside of the radius is bevelled relative to the shaft, at an angle of about 15°. The outer edge of

1558-465: Was greeted by the public, prominent Republicans, and a band in 1952. President Harry S. Truman visited the terminal on five occasions between 1948 and 1952, and Franklin D. Roosevelt visited in 1936. The museum center has a collection of materials relating to Union Terminal, including 14 of the architects' drawings of the terminal, the silver trowel used at the cornerstone laying in 1931, the gold key used by Cincinnati mayor Russell Wilson in dedicating

1599-415: Was most popular in the 1930s and 1940s, but it still continues today. Dance moves have evolved with the music. Swing dancing styles are the foundation of many other dance styles including disco, country line dancing, and hip hop. Swing dancing clubs and contests are still held around the world. The American Bop Association (ABA) is a non-profit corporation of 34 member swing dance clubs who are dedicated to

1640-620: Was referred to Diplodocus for many years until Tschopp et al referred the remains to Galeamopus in 2015 and Galeamopus pabsti in 2017. The type specimen of Galeamopus was discovered by fossil hunter William H. Utterback in 1902 near Sheridan, Wyoming , in the Red Fork Powder River Quarry A for the Carnegie Museum of Natural History . The specimen was composed of a braincase, partial vertebral column, and several other postcranial elements. In 1906,

1681-629: Was the first full renovation of the building, after two smaller renovations that made the Land of Oz shopping center and the Cincinnati Museum Center operable. Original plans called for leaving the Duke Energy Children's Museum and the Cincinnati History Museum open, but it was decided to shutter the entire building after water damage proved to be more extensive than previously thought. During the closure, items located in

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