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87-514: The mall consists of 99 stores on four levels with a gross leasable area of 729,981 square feet (67,817.5 m). When first conceived in the 1980s, it was intended to contain the existing Ayres and William H. Block department stores along with one or two others new to the city. Before the mall could open, both the Ayres and Block stores had closed, leaving Nordstrom and Parisian (later converted to Carson's ) as anchors. The third level features

174-432: A 200,000-square-foot (19,000 m) three-story structure, which was larger than the planned site could accommodate, so Nordstrom was located in a new building on Meridian Street between Georgia and Maryland streets. Block's department store changed its name to Lazarus in 1988, having been purchased by the latter the previous year. At the end of January 1993, Lazarus closed the downtown store, having announced their intent

261-633: A bronze statue of Oliver P. Morton , Indiana's Civil War-era governor, was erected at its center. Franklin Simmons, an American sculptor living in Rome , Italy , and a noted sculptor of other Civil War memorial statues, created the statue of Morton, which was surrounded by an iron fence. Dedication ceremonies took place on June 15, 1884, with Indiana governor Conrad Baker presiding. Senator Benjamin Harrison and Colonel William Dudley delivered speeches during

348-451: A building, except otherwise exempted, and uncovered areas for commercial uses are deemed the gross floor area of the building for purposes of plot ratio control and development charge. The gross floor area is the total area of the covered floor space measured between the centre line of party walls, including the thickness of external walls but excluding voids. Accessibility and usability are not criteria for exclusion from GFA. 3.2 URA reserves

435-580: A commercial property. Specifically, gross leasable area is the total floor area designed for tenant occupancy and exclusive use, including any basements , mezzanines , or upper floors. It is typically expressed in square metres (although in some places such as the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, the square foot is used). It is measured from the center line of joint partitions and from outside wall faces. That is, gross leasable area

522-480: A financial downturn, the new owners of Saks stated that no new stores, including the proposed Indianapolis one, would be built during the new three years. In April 1989, Nordstrom announced that it would become Circle Centre's fourth anchor store. Initial plans had been to locate the fourth anchor in the Occidental Building at the southeast corner of Washington and Illinois streets. Nordstrom proposed

609-461: A food court. The fourth level features entertainment venues ( Tilt Studio and a nine- screen United Artists movie theater ), but also now contains non-retail tenants. The construction of the mall cost $ 307.5 million. Efforts were made in its design to incorporate historic elements, such as the retention of the facades of buildings that had previously existed on the site. With the closure of Nordstrom in 2011 and that of Carson's on April 29, 2018,

696-514: A graphic representation of Monument Circle and the two streets ( Meridian and Market) that intersect it. During the Christmas season the monument is decorated as an enormous Christmas tree . This annual city tradition, which became known as the "Circle of Lights", began in 1962. The tree lighting ceremony is held the day after Thanksgiving . The decoration of the monument uses 4,784 lights and 52 strands of garland put in place by volunteers from

783-491: A monument be erected on the highest point in Crown Hill Cemetery , but nothing came of it. In 1872 William H. English addressed a group of Civil War veterans and expressed his support for a monument at Crown Hill, but a bill introduced in the state legislature failed to pass. Other potential sites for the monument included University Park , Military Park , and the corner of Washington and Illinois streets in

870-559: A store in Circle Centre, using the first three levels of the Ayres building. As a result, Circle Centre had two anchor stores when it opened in 1995: Nordstrom and Parisian. In July 2011, Nordstrom closed its Circle Centre store due to decreased sales as many of its customers began shopping at its newer store in The Fashion Mall at Keystone , which had opened in 2008. The mall was unable to attract another anchor store for

957-721: A thirty-eight-star American flag, a photograph of Schmitz, the ceremony's program, and other related paraphernalia from the Grand Army of the Republic, the Women's Relief Corps, the Sons of the Republic, and other groups. Ceremonies held on the northeast corner of the monument included a speech by President Benjamin Harrison , an artillery salute, and a parade. Members of Harrison's cabinet, Indiana's governor Alvin P. Hovey , and other state officials were present. The Department Commander of

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1044-551: A total of 418,000 square feet (38,800 m). Of those 88, 22 were restaurants and food service, 30 were clothing and shoe stores, and 7 were recreational (including movie theaters). As of February 2018, there were 90 stores besides the Carson's anchor. Of those, 26 were restaurants, 58 were retail stores, and 6 were entertainment venues. In addition, substantial amounts of space are now used by non-retail establishments: The Indianapolis Star uses 100,000 square feet (9,300 m) of

1131-523: Is 30 feet (9.1 m) tall and weighs ten tons. It faces south and cost $ 12,500. The statue also includes a symbolic sword representing victory, a torch that signifies "the light of civilization", and an eagle, a symbol of freedom. Additional outdoor sculptures include Indianapolis sculptor John Mahoney's bronze statues of George Rogers Clark , William Henry Harrison , and James Whitcomb , and Franklin Simmons 's bronze statue of Oliver P. Morton . The statue of Morton, Indiana's governor from 1861 to 1867,

1218-528: Is a 284 ft 6 in (86.72 m) tall neoclassical monument built on Monument Circle , a circular, brick-paved street that intersects Meridian and Market streets in the center of downtown Indianapolis , Indiana . In the years since its public dedication on May 15, 1902, the monument has become an iconic symbol of Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 13, 1973, and

1305-677: Is accessible by stairs or elevator from the interior. Its commemorative statuary and fountains are made primarily of oolitic limestone and bronze . At the time of the monument's dedication in 1902, its cost was $ 598,318. It has been estimated that construction of a similar structure in 2014 would exceed $ 500 million. The memorial includes several notable outdoor sculptures, including Rudolph Schwarz 's two massive limestone groupings of War and Peace , two smaller scenes named The Dying Soldier and The Return Home , and four military figures at its base. Three astragals, one by Nikolaus (Nicolaus) Geiger and two others by George T. Brewster , surround

1392-438: Is built of oolitic limestone from Owen County, Indiana . It rests on a raised foundation surrounded by pools and fountains. Broad stone steps on its north and south sides lead to two terraces at its base. Stone tablets above the bronze entrance doors on the obelisk's north and south sides bear inscriptions commemorating Indiana's soldiers. An inscription above the tablets reads: "To Indiana's Silent Victors." An observation deck

1479-401: Is leasable. Circle Center was laid out in a "dumbbell" shape, with the two anchor stores at each end connected by a skylighted spine lined with stores. The ground level is split by Maryland Street, but the second, third, and fourth levels are joined by a wide sky bridge. On the first level, the anchors and a number of restaurants have entrances directly from the street. The fourth level contains

1566-412: Is satisfied is constructed or intended to be used solely for parking motor vehicles, loading or unloading of motor vehicles, or for refuse storage chambers, refuse storage and material recovery chambers, material recovery chambers, refuse storage and material recovery rooms, refuse chutes, refuse hopper rooms and other types of facilities provided to facilitate the separation of refuse to the satisfaction of

1653-535: Is the area for which tenants pay rent, and thus the area that produces income for the property owner. For a property with only one tenant, the measurements gross floor area (GFA) and gross leasable area (GLA) are essentially equal. The Building Owners and Managers Association has established a standard with American National Standards Institute , ANSI/BOMA Z65.1-1996 for measuring floor area and calculating gross leasable area and loss factor. Monument Circle The Indiana State Soldiers and Sailors Monument

1740-803: Is the first monument in the United States to be dedicated to the common soldier, and the largest outdoor memorial and the largest of its kind in Indiana. The monument was included in the National Register of Historic Places on February 13, 1973. In 2011, the American Planning Association recognized Monument Circle as one of nation's "great public spaces" in its annual "Great Places in America" ranking. The minor league Indy Eleven soccer team features Victory prominently in their logo. The Indianapolis city police have

1827-443: Is the total floor area inside the building envelope, including the external walls, and excluding the roof. Definitions of GFA, including which areas are to be counted towards it and which areas aren't, vary around the world. Adding to this confusion is the practice among some developers to use gross leasable area (GLA) and GFA interchangeably, or to use GFA as GLA, even though GLA usually excludes corridors and other public areas inside

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1914-598: The AES Indiana corporate headquarters. The Circle Tower is a 1930 building in the southeast quadrant of Monument Circle. The 111,000 sq ft (10,300 m ) building features an Egyptian-motif with other design details that include an ornate lobby. Monument Circle is a prominent public gathering place in Indianapolis to commemorate notable events, including concerts, political demonstrations, and photo opportunities. The flag of Indianapolis includes

2001-480: The Artsgarden that is suspended over the intersection of Illinois and Washington streets. During the 1960s and 1970s, the downtown retail sector in Indianapolis was in decline as suburban shopping centers were opening. Vacancy rates were increasing and the physical environment was deteriorating. The lack of restaurants and other attractions led to fewer people coming downtown during the evening and on weekends. By

2088-586: The Grand Army of the Republic had raised $ 23,380, before relinquishing responsibility for the monument to the State of Indiana. Further action was taken on March 3, 1887, when the Indiana General Assembly passed a bill to form a monument commission, whose original members included Samuel B. Voyles, D. C. McCollum, Daniel M. Ransdell, George J. Johnson, James, G. Gookins, and Langsdale, who

2175-513: The Selig's Dry Goods Company Building ) east of Illinois Street and, while the Goodmans wanted to be part of the mall, their valuation of their properties and their vision for the mall differed from those of the mall developers. As a result, the city decided to relocate the mall to the south side of Washington Street. In 1983, the city began purchasing the needed property. The Occidental Building at

2262-670: The Building Authority, or for access facilities for telecommunications and broadcasting services, or occupied solely by machinery or equipment for any lift, air-conditioning or heating system or any similar service. (L.N. 406 of 1987; 39 of 2000 s. 7) The non-accountable GFA is further defined in Practice Notes for Authorized Persons, Registered Structural Engineers and Registered Geotechnical Engineers no APP-2. Permitted GFA in Hong Kong land lease agreement generally

2349-517: The Circle as the monument's site; however, the legislative act that authorized it specifically identified the intended site as Circle Park. To select a design for the new monument, the commission established an international contest and solicited ten architects to submit sketches. Notices were also placed in leading newspapers in the United States, Canada, England, France, Germany, and Italy, to encourage others to submit their ideas. The contest deadline

2436-705: The City of Indianapolis (including federal grants), $ 75 million by the equity partners (Circle Centre Development Partners), and $ 45 million from construction loans. In February 2018, the Simon Property Group announced a multimillion-dollar renovation for Circle Centre, its largest ever, that would be worked on over the next two years. The project includes improvements to bathrooms, flooring, lighting, elevators, and entrances. The third-floor food court will have new lounge areas, banquette seating, and community tables to attract more restaurant patrons. When asked about

2523-517: The Grand Army of the Republic was master of ceremonies. It was the first monument in the United States to be dedicated to the common soldier. Public donations and the Indiana General Assembly's initial appropriations were not sufficient to fund the complete project. More funds were required. The state legislature appropriated an additional $ 160,000, and in 1891, raised over $ 123,000 with an additional property tax. Construction on

2610-694: The L. S. Ayres building, were incorporated directly into the mall. Others, such as the Canterbury Hotel and the St. Elmo building , remained privately owned and the mall was constructed around them. In addition, portions of the interiors of certain buildings were used as interior design elements, an example being the Expresso Bar in Nordstrom. The first floor of the L. S. Ayres main building was also historically restored rather than being stripped out as

2697-540: The Romona Stone Company quarries in Owen County, Indiana . It rests on a raised foundation measuring 30 feet (9.1 m) in depth, surrounded by pools and fountains. Broad stone steps on the north and south sides, each 70 feet (21 m) in length, lead to two terraces at the base of the monument. The obelisk's base measures 52 feet (16 m) in diameter and 12 feet (3.7 m) in diameter near

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2784-424: The bells of Christ Church sounded and its choir sang " My Country, 'Tis of Thee ". The monument has been modified and updated several times since its dedication in 1902. The monument is built at the center of Monument Circle, a circular, brick-paved street that intersects Meridian and Market streets at the center of downtown Indianapolis . The neoclassical -style obelisk is built of oolitic limestone from

2871-460: The building had deteriorated. It was torn down in 1857, and the site became a vacant lot. As Indianapolis grew and developed during and after the Civil War, the area became a popular meeting place for mass gatherings, public rallies, and celebrations of wartime victories. In 1867 the site was cleaned up, fenced, and designated as the city's Circle Park. The park remained vacant until 1884, when

2958-651: The built and natural environment no. 1 and no. 2. Since such facilities granted extra floor area to develop and usually included in the GFA/ selling area the developer sold to end-user, which made end-user confused, government planned to abolish the exclusion of green features and use alternative way to encourage green features. For the total floor area, HK use the term "site coverage". GFA in Singapore, defined by Urban Redevelopment Authority as of March 2014 is: 3 Definition of gross floor area 3.1 All covered floor areas of

3045-623: The city's downtown business district, along the National Road . No progress was made on the monument until August 1875, when George J. Langsdale, a newspaper editor of the Greencastle Banner , presented a plan for a memorial during the first reunion of Civil War veterans, which was held in Indianapolis. Langsdale's idea was favorably received and a monument association was formed. By 1887 the Indiana Department of

3132-618: The city. The $ 100 million mall would be located north of Washington Street and have an entrance on the southwest quadrant of Monument Circle Negotiations to purchase the real estate on the north side of Washington Street proved to be difficult. In particular, the Goodman family owned the Goodman Jewelers Building and several other buildings (including the Taylor Carpet Company Building and

3219-416: The controversy was cleared up in 1893, six years after the bill's initial passage, when its confusing statement was repealed. In the meantime, construction continued using Schmitz's design. The cornerstone was laid on August 22, 1889. Inside, a copper box contained, among other items, an official list of all Indiana soldiers who had served in the Civil War, newspapers, copies of Indiana's two constitutions ,

3306-434: The design architect in 1985. However, in 1991 they were replaced by Ehrenkrantz and Eckstut Architects . By the end of 1990, most of the demolition of existing structures had been completed. However, Simon & Associates failed to meet a December 1 deadline to sign a permanent agreement because they had not been able to complete financing for the mall. Nevertheless, the city went ahead and awarded contracts for excavation of

3393-458: The development, while both figures include areas occupied by structure, like walls and columns. Hong Kong law Chapter 123F, Building (Planning) Regulations , Regulation 23 sect 3 sub-paragraph (a) defined that: Subject to sub-paragraph (b), for the purposes of regulations 19, 20, 21 and 22, the gross floor area of a building shall be the area contained within the external walls of the building measured at each floor level (including any floor below

3480-549: The event. Many times after the Civil War suggestions were made to build a monument honoring Indiana's Civil War veterans. The first proposal was made on April 1, 1862, when an anonymous editorial in the Indianapolis Daily Journal suggested a monument be erected in Circle Park; however, no action was taken. Talk of a monument continued in the years following the war. In 1867 governor Morton suggested

3567-669: The exterior of the mall. Of the seven historic facades that were preserved, only two were used in place. The others were moved as much as two blocks from their original locations. The cast-iron facade of the Vajen Exchange Block Building, which had been preserved by the Historic Landmarks Foundation from an earlier demolition outside the Wholesale District, was also used. Some of the buildings that were retained, including

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3654-483: The focal point at the center of town. The site was originally called the Governor's Circle because of its designation as the future site of the Indiana governor's residence. The Circle was a hub of community life from the town's beginning in 1821. It was used as a gathering place for religious services before the town's churches were built. A weekly market was held on the site from 1822 to 1824. A governor's residence

3741-466: The former United States Secretary of State under President Benjamin Harrison , gave speeches. A male chorus sang and poet James Whitcomb Riley read his poem "The Soldier", which was written especially for the occasion. Musicians played John Philip Sousa 's "The Messiah of the Nations", a march he had composed for the occasion. Following a second parade in the afternoon and an evening vesper service,

3828-437: The former Nordstrom space, and Brown Mackie College , which moved-in in 2011, takes up about 25,000 square feet (2,300 m) on the fourth level; however, in 2016 the school announced that it would not accept any new students as it shuts down its operations. The Simon Youth Academy , an Indianapolis Public Schools Choice School for 11th and 12th graders that opened in 2015, also occupies about 5,000 square feet (460 m) on

3915-542: The fourth floor. Gross leasable area In architecture , construction , and real estate , floor area , floor space , or floorspace is the area (measured in square metres or square feet ) taken up by a building or part of it. The ways of defining "floor area" depend on what factors of the building should or should not be included, such as external walls, internal walls, corridors, lift shafts, stairs, etc. Generally there are three major differences in measuring floor area. Gross floor area (GFA) in real estate

4002-425: The general partner. Delays in finalizing the financing subsequently led Mayor Stephen Goldsmith to declare a moratorium on further city participation. As a result of these problems, large portions of the mall site consisted of deep holes in the ground for over a year. The original $ 100 million projected costs of the mall had risen as the scope changed and the timeline for completion of the mall grew. By March 1983 it

4089-550: The grand opening, the cost was expected to be only $ 325 million. Circle Centre officially opened on September 8, 1995, at a total cost of $ 307.5 million (not including the $ 12 million for the Artsgarden). Of that total, $ 55.0 million was for site acquisition, $ 10.3 million for site improvement, $ 62.2 million for mall construction, $ 27.4 million for a parking structure, $ 124.0 million for tenant improvements, and $ 28.6 million for soft costs. The financing consisted of $ 187 million by

4176-589: The late 1970s, research as to the feasibility of a downtown covered mall had begun. In April 1979, Mayor William Hudnut and Melvin Simon & Associates announced the completion of a study that envisioned a two- or three-story mall between Meridian Street and Capitol Avenue. It would connect the L. S. Ayres store at Washington and Meridian streets and the William H. Block store at Illinois and Market streets, and could potentially include other department stores new to

4263-422: The level of the ground), together with the area of each balcony in the building, which shall be calculated from the overall dimensions of the balcony (including the thickness of the sides thereof), and the thickness of the external walls of the building. sub-paragraph (b): In determining the gross floor area for the purposes of regulations 20, 21 and 22, the Building Authority may disregard any floor space that he

4350-455: The location after three years of effort, so an agreement was reached with The Indianapolis Star to move its newspaper offices into 100,000 square feet (9,300 m) of the upper levels of the former Nordstrom space. The move was completed on September 29, 2014. In 2007, the name of the Parisian store was changed to Carson Pirie Scott after having been sold to The Bon-Ton Stores in 2006;

4437-405: The mall has no department stores. In response to the changing retail conditions, the mall has looked to non-traditional mall usages; in 2014, for example, The Indianapolis Star moved its offices into part of the space vacated by Nordstrom. Circle Centre covers approximately two square blocks in downtown Indianapolis , one block south of Monument Circle . It is bounded by Washington Street on

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4524-576: The mall was taken over by JLL . Simon continued to handle leasing, until they sold their remaining stake in December 2021 to the Circle Centre Development Company. In December 2023, the Circle Centre Development Company announced that it had reached an agreement to sell the mall to Hendricks Commercial Properties. Hendricks had previously redeveloped the other public spaces in Indiana plans to spend about $ 600 million over

4611-693: The maximum GFA (excluding the non-accountable above) to develop. However it may be further reduced by the effect of plot ratio, maximum site coverage, maximum permitted height of building and Outline Zoning Plan. Moreover, roof and other uncovered area is exclude in Permitted GFA but usually had restricted use as opening space, corridor or emergence escaping area. Since 2001, to encourage the incorporation of green features in building developments, further facilities could be excluded/disregard in GFA. and defined at Joint Practice Notes on protection and improvement of

4698-628: The monument as a feature of their badge. The monument is surrounded by the 342-foot (104 m) diameter Monument Circle. The Circle is lined with retail shops, studios for several local radio stations, the Hilbert Circle Theatre (home of the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra ), financial institutions, the Columbia Club (one of the oldest social clubs of Indiana), Christ Church Cathedral , and

4785-517: The monument's total cost. Schmitz arrived in Indianapolis from Germany in January 1889. Frederick Bauman, of Chicago , was appointed the project's deputy architect and Schmitz's representative. Enos Hege, of Indianapolis, received the contract to erect the monument's foundation, which was completed in 1888, and Thomas McIntosh, of Greencastle, Indiana , and an expert in stonework, became the project's superintendent. The Terre Haute Stone Works Company

4872-427: The monument, which began in 1888, took thirteen years to complete. The obelisk was completed in 1892, the main elements by 1894, and its final installations in 1901. In 1893 the circle was renamed Monument Place. The cost to complete the monument was $ 598,318. An estimate to erect a similar structure in 2014 suggests it would exceed $ 500 million. The monument was formally dedicated on May 15, 1902. Thousands came to

4959-412: The monument. Schwarz adapted Schmitz's original design and added two smaller scenes, The Dying Soldier and The Return Home , below the main groupings. Schwarz also carved four heroic military figures representing the artillery, cavalry, infantry, and navy for the monument's base and executed its bronze entrance doors. Three bronze astragals , one by Nikolaus Geiger and two by George Brewster, surround

5046-666: The movie theater and other entertainment venues, but no other retailers. The mall is connected on the south, west, and northwest to the Indianapolis skywalk network, connecting it directly to the Indiana Convention Center , Lucas Oil Stadium , and twelve hotels (including the Omni Severin Hotel , Le Méridien Indianapolis , Conrad Indianapolis , Embassy Suites , Hyatt Regency Indianapolis , Marriott Indianapolis , Westin , Crowne Plaza , and JW Marriott Indianapolis ). The northwest connection leads to

5133-688: The name was later shortened to just Carson's . In December 2014, the city agreed to reduce the rent on the location by $ 300,000 annually through January 2018. On January 31, 2018, Bon-Ton announced that it would be closing the store (along with 46 of its other locations) in ten to twelve weeks, leaving the mall with no anchors. Carson's closed permanently at the end of the normal business hours on Sunday, April 29, 2018. When Circle Centre opened in September 1995, it had two anchor stores—Nordstrom, with 206,000 square feet (19,100 m), and Parisian, with 144,000 square feet (13,400 m)—and 88 other stores with

5220-513: The next ten years to redevelop the mall into an “open air, pedestrian-focused campus with housing, offices and shopping”. The acquisition was completed on April 24, 2024. Since some of the costs of the mall were paid by federal funding, a survey of the buildings in the redevelopment area was conducted as to their historical importance under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 . The survey

5307-839: The north and south sides of the obelisk bear inscriptions commemorating Indiana's soldiers who served in the American Revolutionary War and the capture of Vincennes from the British in 1779 , the War of 1812 and related Indian wars (1811–12), the Mexican–American War (1846–48), and the American Civil War (1861–65). An inscription above the tablets reads: "To Indiana’s Silent Victors." Bruno Schmitz hired Rudolph Schwarz, an Austrian-born sculptor, to create War and Peace , two massive limestone groupings for

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5394-432: The north and south steps, while smaller candelabra were placed around the monument to illuminate the drinking fountains installed into bronze buffalo heads. An elevator and stairway provide access to the monument's observation deck from the base of its interior. The monument's first interior elevator began service in 1894. The elevator stops at a level just below the observation deck, requiring 31 additional steps to reach

5481-501: The north, Meridian Street on the east, Georgia Street on the south, and Illinois Street on the west. Maryland Street splits the north block from the south block. The mall covers 7.2 acres (2.9 ha), with a parking garage on the opposite side of Illinois Street covering 2.0 acres (0.81 ha) and connected by a sky bridge. Two underground parking garages underlay the mall itself. The mall contains 960,000 square feet (89,000 m) of space, of which 793,700 square feet (73,740 m)

5568-605: The northwest side of the monument, represents the American Revolution. The statue of Harrison, hero of the battle of Tippecanoe , is installed on the monument's northeast side and represents the War of 1812. The statue of James Whitcomb , Indiana's governor from 1843 to 1848, is installed on monument's southwest side to represent the Mexican–American War. In 1894, the original cascading fountains were replaced with larger versions. Four large candelabra, each 40 feet (12 m) in height, were installed on pedestals at

5655-472: The outlook for Circle Centre in view of the loss of its remaining anchor store and of smaller retailers, the mall's general manager said that she envisioned the mall becoming a hybrid of traditional and non-traditional retail. In 2015, a proposal had been put forth to add residential units, but that is not part of the current project. The project also does not address what would be done with the space occupied by Carson's. On April 1, 2021, day-to-day management of

5742-425: The plot of land at the center of Indianapolis was used as a public gathering place, the site of the Indiana governor's residence, and a city park. Construction on the monument began in 1888 and was dedicated in 1902. The original plan of Indianapolis, founded in 1821, and platted by Alexander Ralston , included a circular, 80-foot (24 m) wide street that surrounded a circular, 3-acre (1.2 ha) plot of land as

5829-546: The previous June. Updated plans for the mall had shown Lazarus occupying a new building on the southwest quadrant of Monument Circle . Although Lazarus stated it was still open to being part of the mall, ultimately it did not. On April 4, 1991, the May Department Stores announced that its L. S. Ayres subsidiary would not be part of Circle Centre, with the downtown location closing in the spring of 1992. In June of that year, Parisian announced that it would open

5916-471: The public event, which began at 8 a.m. with a parade of flags and veterans of the Mexican-American, Civil, and Spanish–American Wars, and ended with an evening fireworks display. The formal dedication ceremony was held at 10 a.m. with General Lew Wallace as the master of ceremonies. General David R. Lucas led the gathering in prayer, and Governor Winfield T. Durbin , Wallace, and John W. Foster ,

6003-460: The right to decide on GFA matters based on the specific design of a development proposal on a case-by-case basis. With effect from January 2014, Private enclosed spaces (PES) and private roof terraces (PRT) are counted as part of the bonus GFA capped at 10% above the Master Plan that also includes balconies. Gross leasable area ( GLA ) is the amount of floor space available to be rented in

6090-521: The second astragal with a naval theme that includes a portrait relief of Admiral David Farragut . Brewster also designed the third astragal with the dates 1861 and 1865, the Civil War's beginning and ending dates. Brewster's Victory crowns the memorial. Atop of the monument, Schmitz imagined a classical sculpture featuring a winged Nike , the Greek goddess of war, to symbolize victory in battle. The statue, which became known as Indiana or Miss Indiana,

6177-405: The southeast corner of Washington and Illinois streets, which was the home of the L. Strauss & Co. clothing store, was bought for $ 2.8 million. Strauss moved to the new Claypool Courts at the northwest corner of the same intersection, but went out of business before the mall itself was completed. Purchase of the other needed parcels was completed by 1989. The Jerde Partnership was engaged as

6264-444: The stone obelisk. Additional sculptures include John H. Mahoney's bronze statues of George Rogers Clark , William Henry Harrison , and James Whitcomb , and Franklin Simmons 's bronze statue of Oliver P. Morton . Brewster's 30-foot (9.1 m) bronze statue of Victory crowns the obelisk. The Indianapolis monument is approximately 21 feet (6.4 m) shorter than New York City's 305-foot (93 m) Statue of Liberty . Originally

6351-481: The stone obelisk. The first astragal is placed 70 feet (21 m) above the obelisk's base. The second astragal is 12 feet (3.7 m) above the first. The third astragal is 80 feet (24 m) above the base, below the capital. Geiger, of Berlin , Germany, cast and shipped the first astragal, a battlefield scene of the army, from Germany. He never saw the monument at Indianapolis and died before its completion. Brewster, an American sculptor from Cleveland, Ohio, created

6438-456: The top, beneath its capital . The obelisk and its crowning figure of Victory measure 284 ft 6 in (86.72 m) tall. It is 15 feet (4.6 m) shorter than New York City 's Statue of Liberty . Eight stone eagles support the capital, which includes a balcony and a 19-foot (5.8 m) turret to support the Victory statue. Limestone tablets above the bronze entrance doors on

6525-589: The top. The staircase contains 331 steps. The monument also houses a gift shop. The monument's basement formerly housed the Colonel Eli Lilly Civil War Museum , but water leakage in 2018 forced the museum to be moved to the Indiana War Memorial building. In 2019, 369,104 guests visited the monument. In the years since its public dedication on May 15, 1902, the monument has become an iconic symbol of Indianapolis. It

6612-434: The underground garages and for retaining walls around the perimeter of the site. On September 17, 1991, a new plan and model for the mall, including what would become the Artsgarden , were presented. Eight days later, the city signed an agreement with Circle Centre Development Company, a consortium of twelve local companies, to provide $ 100 million in financing by March 1, 1992. A subsidiary of Simon & Associates served as

6699-506: Was $ 125 million, growing to $ 400 million in December 1986 when 1 1/2 blocks were added to the project. It continued rising to $ 500 million in October 1987, $ 560 million in January 1988, and $ 650 million in March 1988. By June 1991 the projected cost had increased to $ 1 billion, but in that month it decreased to between $ 500 million and $ 750 million. However, by November 1994, about a year before

6786-557: Was also a friend and fellow artist of the commission's secretary, James F. Gookins, when the two lived in Munich , Germany. Percy Stone , of London , England, received $ 500 for his second-prize entry. Several individuals and companies were involved in the monument's construction. Schmitz received his commission as the project's supervising architect in February 1888. His contract for the project specified his commission as five percent of

6873-420: Was awarded the contract to construct the monument's terraces, approaches, and superstructure. The project's stone and bronze sculptors included Rudolph Schwarz, Nikolaus (or Nicolaus) Geiger, George Brewster, and John Mahoney. Although ambiguous language in the authorizing bill created some confusion over the type of memorial to be erected, either a single monument or a combination of monument and memorial hall,

6960-601: Was built on the Circle in 1827. Due to the mansion's public location and poor construction, no governor ever lived there; however, it was used as offices for Indiana's Supreme Court justices, the Indiana State Library , and the State Bank of Indiana . It was also a site for civic events and celebrations such as inaugural balls for new governors, fundraising events for charity, military receptions, Fourth of July celebrations, and community meetings. By 1851

7047-550: Was conducted between 1987 and 1990. Of the 43 buildings surveyed, it was decided that 17 would be retained, 8 would have only their facades preserved, and 18 would be demolished. Fourteen of the buildings to be demolished were contributing structures in the Wholesale District , a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places. The facades of seven buildings were subsequently incorporated into

7134-435: Was elected the committee's president at its first meeting on June 28, 1887. Randsell, who resigned two years later, was replaced by Thomas W. Bennett , and William H. English replaced Bennett. Other commissioners included General Mahlon D. Manson , and Thomas A. Morris . The bill also authorized the monument to be built in Indianapolis and appropriated $ 200,000 for the project. Some state legislators disagreed over use of

7221-421: Was erected at the center of the Circle in 1884. When construction began on the new monument, the statue of Morton was removed from its original site. It was reinstalled on the southeast side of the monument, around 1899, to represent Indiana's role in the Civil War. In 1895, Mahoney received a commission to create three additional sculptures to represent Indiana's role in earlier conflicts. His statue of Clark, on

7308-676: Was included in an expansion of the Indiana World War Memorial Plaza National Historic Landmark District in December 2016. It is located in the Washington Street-Monument Circle Historic District . It is also the largest outdoor memorial and the largest of its kind in Indiana. It was designed by German architect Bruno Schmitz and built over a thirteen-year period, between 1888 and 1901. The monument's original purpose

7395-571: Was initially proposed. In the original concept, the mall would have connected the existing downtown locations of the L. S. Ayres and the William H. Block department stores and added one or more department stores that did not then have locations in Indianapolis. In January 1988, Saks Fifth Avenue announced that it would build a new 90,000-square-foot (8,400 m) store on the northeast corner of Washington and Illinois streets. However, in July 1990, amid

7482-420: Was set for January 12, 1888, and seventy designs were submitted. The selection committee, who initially did not know the identity of the designers, chose two entries for further consideration. Bruno Schmitz , an architect from Berlin, Prussia, who submitted a design called Symbol of Indiana was the commissioners' unanimous choice as the winner. Schmitz, an architect knowledgeable in the field of monument design,

7569-732: Was to honor Hoosiers who were veterans of the American Civil War ; however, it is also a tribute to Indiana's soldiers who served during the American Revolutionary War , territorial conflicts that partially led to the War of 1812 , the Mexican–American War , and the Spanish–American War . The monument is the first in the United States to be dedicated to the common soldier. The obelisk -shaped monument

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