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23-481: The design of class D51 was based on the earlier D50 , introduced in 1923. Wartime production featured some substitution of wood for steel parts like running boards, smoke deflectors and tender coal bunkers. A total of 1,115 D51s were built, the largest number in any single class of locomotive in Japan. Early D51s were nicknamed Namekuji-gata (" slug -form") for their shape. The locomotive was designed by Hideo Shima . It

46-414: A "D" for the four sets of driving wheels and the class number 51 for tender locomotives that the numbers 50 through 99 were assigned to under the 1928 locomotive classification rule . Over 173 Class D51 locomotives are preserved in Japan. D51 498 was restored by JR East and pulls special-event trains on JR East lines. The following is a list of preserved locomotives as of July 2023. Built in 1938 at

69-587: A short service life in the Philippines as Manila Railroad ordered the dieselization of its entire network, having all steam locomotives retired by 1956. From 1936 to 1944, Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō and Hitachi had built 32 D51s for Imperial Taiwan Railway. After World War II , they were taken over by Taiwan Railways Administration , and were classified DT650 . In 1951, Kisha Seizō built three DT650s and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries built two DT650s for Taiwan Railways Administration. The classification consists of

92-632: The Japanese Government Railways (JGR), the Japanese National Railways (JNR) and various manufacturers from 1923 to 1931. The class name indicates that the locomotive has four sets of driving wheels (D) and belongs to one of the classes of tender locomotive allocated a number in the series 50 to 99 in the Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification scheme of 1928. Hideo Shima designed

115-557: The People's Republic of China , China Railways designated them ㄇㄎ 5 (MK 5 ) class in 1951, and subsequently 解放 5 (JF 5 ) class in 1959. In 1939, D50 193 was converted to standard gauge and shipped to the Central China Railway , where it operated primarily between Nanjing and Shanghai . This engine lasted in service on China Railways until 1955. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China , all

138-544: The JNR Hamamatsu Works, locomotive number D51 200 has been overhauled and restored to operational condition for use as SL Yamaguchi and SL Kitabiwako starting in 2017. Hiro , a character based on the Class D51 and voiced by Togo Igawa , appears in the 2009 animated film Thomas & Friends: Hero of The Rails and thereafter became one of the show’s mainstays and the first character introduced after

161-617: The Japanese D50 class, there were some slight differences in dimensions due to the larger loading gauge on Chinese lines. After the establishment of Manchukuo , the Jichang Jidun Railway was nationalised along with other private railways to form the Manchukuo National Railway . The MNR classified these Mikana (ミカナ) class, numbered 6540−6555, renumbered 501−516 in 1938. After the establishment of

184-448: The change to CGI. In the anime Hikarian the character Dozilas is based on the D51 498. The Transformers Decepticon Astrotrain transforms into a Class D51 and a space shuttle. The Gobots aka Machine Robo character Loco(Steam Robo) based on D-51 and has the number D-5147 on the character. JNR Class D50 The Class D50 is a type of 2-8-2 steam locomotive built by

207-615: The establishment of the ministry. This article covers the railways operated by the central government of Japan from 1872 to 1949 notwithstanding the official English name of the system of each era. By the end of World War II in 1945, the Japanese Government Railways operated on the main Japanese islands of Honshū , Hokkaidō , Kyūshū , Shikoku and Karafuto . The railways in Taiwan and Korea were operated by

230-546: The gauge. According to the a journal published in 1956, ten locomotives were built by Nippon Sharyo for the Manila Railroad Company . These entered service in 1951. Numbered the 300 class, they were named after the cog locomotive class built in the 1910s for the Manila Railway. These locomotives differed from the rest of the D51 builds through the lack of smoke deflectors . The locomotives had

253-716: The local Governor-General Offices - the Taiwan Government-General Railway and the Chosen Government Railway respectively - and were not part of JGR. While the JGR was the only major operator of intercity railways after the railways were nationalized in 1906–1907, privately owned regional railways were also active. The gauge used for Japanese railways was 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) (narrow gauge) other than some minor exceptions (184.2 km (114.5 mi) total in

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276-400: The operating department generally mean "department (or office, section, agency) of railways" or like. Since opening in 1872, the railway set fares for passengers in three classes. The transportation of freight was charged based on weight and class of goods. In 1872, passengers could choose from Upper, Middle and Lower classes, which were later renamed as First, Second and Third classes. Freight

299-428: The peak years of 1936-38 ) of 762 mm ( 2 ft 6 in ) gauge lines being used. The first railway in Japan was operated by the imperial government in 1872. The idea of centralization of the railway was promoted under the idea of "breaking down of the geographical barriers that existed in the feudal communities which hindered the centralization of authority". Placing the railways under government control

322-693: The railways of China were taken over by the China Railway , which classified the D50s as ㄇㄎ 16 (MK 16 ) class in 1951, later becoming class 解放 16 (JF 16 ). Two D50s are preserved in Japan. Japanese Government Railways The Japanese Government Railways ( JGR ) was the national railway system directly operated by the Japanese Ministry of Railways ( Japanese : 鉄道省 , romanized :  Tetsudō-shō , Japanese pronunciation: [te̞t͡sɨᵝdo̞ːɕo̞ː] ) until 1949. It

345-941: The rest of the class until 1931. The design of the D50 was based on the JNR Class 9600 which was introduced in 1916. A total of 380 Class D50 locomotives were built. Between 1951 and 1956 78 were rebuilt to JNR Class D60 2-8-4 Berkshire’s by the JNR. This class would later form the JNR Class D51 . In 1923, sixteen D50 class locomotives were exported to the Jichang Jidun Railway in Manchuria , which designated them class 500 and numbered 501 through 516. Ten were built by Kawasaki (works nos. 970−971, 1140−1170) and six by Kisha Seizō (w/n 965−970), and though very similar to

368-530: Was a predecessor of Japanese National Railways and the later Japan Railways Group . The English name "Japanese Government Railways" was what the Ministry of Railways (established in 1920) used to call its own "Ministry Lines" ( 省線 , shōsen ) and sometimes the ministry itself as a railway operator. Other English names for the government railways include Imperial Japanese Government Railways and Imperial Government Railways , which were mainly used prior to

391-589: Was also possible to ship them via futsubin (regularly-scheduled trains) and kyukobin (express trains). "It may, therefore, be fairly said that the freight rates of the State-owned railways in Japan are of absolute uniformity." As Japan is an island nation, it was noted that ocean-going vessels are a major source of competition for the freight business of the railway. The railway invested heavily in methods to reduce coal consumption in steam locomotives; between 1920 and 1936, coal consumption per kilometer traveled

414-500: Was for military and political ends; the government had no intention for the central railway to be operated as a "model enterprise". Early shareholders of the railway were members of the nobility, holding "the major portion of (the) capital". The governmental system was largely expanded by the promulgation of the Railway Nationalization Act in 1906. In 1920, the Ministry of Railways was established. In 1949, JGR

437-617: Was left outside Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk railway station, and one is in running condition and is kept at the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk railway station. Additionally two wrecks were left to the north of the city. Two locomotives were built for the Korean National Railroad in 1950 by Mitsubishi for South Korea during the Korean War . Designated Mika7 (미카7) class, they were nearly identical to JNR class D51 except for

460-452: Was reduced by about a quarter. The government mandated the use of automatic couplers on all cars on the system in July 1925. The system was transitioning from vacuum brakes to air brakes at this time, with most freight cars equipped with air brakes by April 1927. One of the roles of the Japanese Government Railways was to attract foreign tourists to Japan. In 1930, the government created

483-560: Was reorganized to become a state-owned public corporation named the Japanese National Railways . Before the establishment of the Japanese National Railways as a public corporation on June 1, 1949, the Japanese Government Railways were operated by the governmental agencies. The table below shows the historical operators of the JGR. Translated names of ministries may not be official. Names of

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506-406: Was shipped using one of five rates based on 100 kin of product. A 1923 review of the shipping tariffs further explained that goods are divided into three shipping classes (according to the ways in which they are to be handled by the railway): koguchi atsukai (goods in small lots), kashikini atsukai (goods for a reserved freight car) and tokushu atsukai (goods requiring special treatment). It

529-653: Was used mainly in freight service through the 1960s. Some D51s were fitted with the Giesl ejector in Hokkaido to conserve on fuel. The 30 specially built D51s that were left on Sakhalin (formerly Karafuto ) by the retreating Japanese at the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) and after the Soviet-Japanese War (1945) , were used from 1945 until 1979 by Soviet Railways . One

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