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75-537: The concept of cleanliness emphasizes an ongoing procedure or set of habits for the purpose of maintenance and prevention. In this it differs from purity , which is a physical, moral, or ritual state of freedom from pollutants. Whereas purity is usually a quality of an individual or substance, cleanliness has a social dimension. "Cleanliness", observed Jacob Burckhardt , "is indispensable to our modern notion of social perfection". A household or workplace may be said to exhibit cleanliness, but ordinarily not purity. Cleanliness

150-402: A "risk-based" or targeted approach to home hygiene that seeks to ensure that hygiene measures are focused on the places and times most critical for infection transmission. While targeted hygiene was originally developed as an effective approach to hygiene practice, it also seeks, as far as possible, to sustain "normal" levels of exposure to the microbial flora of our environment to the extent that

225-597: A 2007 play by Thomas Bradshaw (playwright) Cleanness , also known as Purity , a 14th-century poem Companies [ edit ] Purity Dairies , a dairy company in Nashville, Tennessee, United States Purity Factories , a food processing company in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada Purity Distilling Company , an alcohol manufacturer involved in the Boston Molasses Disaster in

300-550: A basin of water and linen towels, done in the imitation of Christ . A major contribution of the Christian missionaries in Africa , Asia and other places was better health care of the people through hygiene and introducing and distributing the soaps . In Hinduism , cleanliness is an important virtue. The Bhagavad Gita describes it as one of the divine qualities which one must practice. The Sanskrit word for cleanliness

375-443: A concentration of active ingredient that only prevents them from multiplying. It is, therefore, important to check whether the product label states that it "kills bacteria". An antibacterial is not necessarily anti-fungal or anti-viral unless this is stated on the label. The term sanitizer has been used to define substances that both clean and disinfect. More recently this term has been applied to alcohol-based products that disinfect

450-705: A good knowledge of hygiene. People with reduced immunity to infection, who are looked after at home, make up an increasing proportion of the population (as of 2009 , up to 20%). The largest proportion are the elderly who have co-morbidities that reduce their immunity to infection. It also includes the very young, patients discharged from hospital, taking immuno-suppressive drugs, or using invasive systems, etc. For patients discharged from hospital, or being treated at home, special "medical hygiene" procedures may need to be performed for them, such as catheter or dressing replacement, which puts them at higher risk of infection. Antiseptics may be applied to cuts, wounds, and abrasions of

525-508: A number of regulations involving cleanliness before prayer , observing days of ritual purification , as well as those concerning diet and apparel. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church prescribes several kinds of hand washing , for example after leaving the latrine, lavatory, or bathhouse, or before prayer, or after eating a meal. Women in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church are prohibited from entering

600-484: A peaceful, comfortable, and dark sleep environment. Personal care services hygiene pertains to the care and use of instruments used in the administration of personal care services to people: Personal care hygiene practices include: Excessive body hygiene is a possible sign of obsessive–compulsive disorder . Neglecting bodily hygiene, or the cleanliness of one's environment, may be a sign of major depression and other psychological disorders. Although media coverage of

675-549: A positive correlation between cleanliness and ethical judgements. The Bible contains descriptions of many rituals of purification relating to menstruation , childbirth , sexual relations , skin disease , death , animal sacrifices , and toilet etiquette. Certain Christian rules of purity have implications for bodily hygiene and observing cleanliness, including sexual hygiene , menstruation and toilet etiquette. In certain denominations of Christianity , cleanliness includes

750-416: A regular sleep schedule, using naps with care, not exercising physically or mentally too close to bedtime, and avoiding alcohol as well as nicotine , caffeine , and other stimulants in the hours before bedtime. Further recommendations include limiting worry, limiting exposure to light in the hours before sleep, getting out of bed if sleep does not come, not using the bed for anything but sleep, and having

825-409: A risk to public health. Hygiene is a practice related to lifestyle , cleanliness , health , and medicine . In medicine and everyday life, hygiene practices are preventive measures that reduce the incidence and spread of germs leading to disease . Hygiene practices vary from one culture to another. In the manufacturing of food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other products, good hygiene

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900-557: A role in establishing cultural values in relation to social class , humanitarianism , and cultural imperialism . Since the germ theory of disease , cleanliness has come to mean an effort to remove germs and other hazardous materials . A reaction to an excessive desire for a germ-free environment began around 1989, when David Strachan put forth the " hygiene hypothesis " in the British Medical Journal . This hypothesis holds that environmental microbes help develop

975-441: A routine for attending to their personal hygiene needs. Other personal hygienic practices include covering one's mouth when coughing, disposal of soiled tissues appropriately, making sure toilets are clean, and making sure food handling areas are clean, besides other practices. Some cultures do not kiss or shake hands in order to reduce transmission of bacteria by contact. Personal grooming extends personal hygiene as it pertains to

1050-570: A summit in Canada Religion [ edit ] Purity, the absence of vice in human character, synonymous with chastity when used in reference to a person's sexual nature Ritual purification , a feature of many religions Purity in Buddhism , a spiritual purity of character or essence Science [ edit ] Purity, the absence of impurity or contaminants in a substance; for example, Chemical purity Purity,

1125-458: A surgical procedure. As persistent nasal, skin, or bowel carriage in the healthy population spreads "silently" across the world, the risks from resistant strains in both hospitals and the community increases. In particular the data indicates that clothing and household linens are a risk factor for spread of S. aureus (including MRSA and PVL -producing MRSA strains), and that effectiveness of laundry processes may be an important factor in defining

1200-438: A woman during menstruation . Toiletry bags hold body hygiene and toiletry supplies. Anal hygiene is the practice that a person performs on their anal area after defecation . The anus and buttocks may be either washed with liquids or wiped with toilet paper , or by adding gel wipe to toilet tissue as an alternative to wet wipes or other solid materials in order to remove remnants of feces . People tend to develop

1275-400: Is śauca . The Bhagavad Gita repeats this word in five slokas at 13.8, 16.3, 16.7, 17.14 and 18.42. Śrīmad Bhāgavatam mentioned śauca at 1.16.26, 1.17.24 (as one of the four legs of Satya Yuga or Golden Age), 1.17.42, 3.28.4 (as spiritual practice), 3.31.33 (those who are addicted to sex life will not understand cleanliness), 4.29.84 (purity of ātman ), 7.11.8–12 (one of

1350-527: Is a broad term. It includes such personal habit choices as how frequently to take a shower or bath, wash hands, trim fingernails , and wash clothes. It also includes attention to keeping surfaces in the home and workplace clean, including bathroom facilities. Adherence to regular hygiene practices is often regarded as a socially responsible and respectable behavior, while neglecting proper hygiene can be perceived as unclean or unsanitary, and may be considered socially unacceptable or disrespectful, while also posing

1425-612: Is a critical component of quality assurance . The terms cleanliness and hygiene are often used interchangeably, which can cause confusion. In general, hygiene refers to practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms. Cleaning processes (e.g., handwashing ) remove infectious microbes as well as dirt and soil, and are thus often the means to achieve hygiene. Other uses of the term are as follows: body hygiene , personal hygiene , sleep hygiene , mental hygiene , dental hygiene , and occupational hygiene , used in connection with public health . Home hygiene pertains to

1500-489: Is a fundamental need; poor sanitation is a primary cause of diarrhea disease in low-income communities. Respiratory viruses and fungal spores spread via the air. Good home hygiene means engaging in hygiene practices at critical points to break the chain of infection. Because the "infectious dose" for some pathogens can be very small (10–100 viable units or even less for some viruses), and infection can result from direct transfer of pathogens from surfaces via hands or food to

1575-421: Is also a characteristic of people who maintain cleanness or prevent dirtying. Cleanliness is related to hygiene and disease prevention. Washing is one way of achieving physical cleanliness, usually with water and often some kind of soap or detergent . Cleaning procedures are also important in many forms of manufacturing. As an assertion of moral superiority or respectability, cleanliness has played

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1650-529: Is also not recommended to brush immediately after drinking acidic substances, including sparkling water. It is also recommended to floss once a day, with a different piece of floss at each flossing session. The effectiveness of amorphous calcium phosphate products, such as Tooth Mousse, is in debate. Visits to a dentist for a checkup every year at least are recommended. Sleep hygiene is the recommended behavioral and environmental practices that promote better quality sleep. These recommendations were developed in

1725-408: Is clean and what is not clean, what people need to be cleansed from, how they should clean, and what should they use to clean with. Muslims are required to perform ablution ( wudu ) with clean water before every prayer, and are recommended to stay in the state of ablution at all times. Abolution with dry materials ( tayammum ) may be used in exceptional circumstances, such as if clean water

1800-445: Is considered proper personal hygiene can be culture-specific and may change over time. Practices that are generally considered proper hygiene include showering or bathing regularly, washing hands regularly and especially before handling food, face washing , washing scalp hair, keeping hair short or removing hair, wearing clean clothing, brushing teeth, and trimming fingernails and toenails. Some practices are sex-specific, such as by

1875-530: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hygiene Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health . According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases ." Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into

1950-461: Is essential to successful electroplating , since molecular layers of oil can prevent adhesion of the coating. The industry has developed specialized techniques for parts cleaning , as well as tests for cleanliness. The most commonly used tests rely on the wetting behaviour of a clean hydrophilic metal surface. Cleanliness is important to vacuum systems to reduce outgassing . Cleanliness is crucial for semiconductor manufacturing. Some studies show

2025-473: Is important to build a balanced immune system. Although there is substantial evidence that some microbial exposures in early childhood can in some way protect against allergies, there is no evidence that humans need exposure to harmful microbes (infection) or that it is necessary to develop a clinical infection. Nor is there evidence that hygiene measures such as hand washing, food hygiene, etc., are linked to increased susceptibility to atopic disease . If this

2100-475: Is recommended that all healthy adults brush twice a day, softly, with the correct technique, replacing their toothbrush every few months (~3). There are a number of common oral hygiene misconceptions. The National Health Service (NHS) of England recommends not rinsing the mouth with water after brushing – only to spit out excess toothpaste . They claim that this helps fluoride from toothpaste bond to teeth for its preventative effects against tooth decay. It

2175-509: Is the case, there is no conflict between the goals of preventing infection and minimizing allergies. A consensus is now developing among experts that the answer lies in more fundamental changes in lifestyles that have led to decreased exposure to certain microbial or other species, such as helminths, that are important for development of immuno-regulatory mechanisms. There is still much uncertainty as to which lifestyle factors are involved. Medical hygiene pertains to hygiene practices related to

2250-512: Is unavailable. A ritual bath ( ghusl ) is performed on Fridays before the Friday Prayer ( Juma ). Ritual baths are recommended for spiritual purity, also after committing a sin, and are necessary for those who have watched a funeral. Special attention is given to cleaning homes before the arrival of guests or before feasts ( Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha ), and holy days and nights. Islamic hygienical jurisprudence , which dates to

2325-703: Is untouchable, uneatable, or not to be discussed, and remembering My existence within all living entities as the Paramatman — these principles should be followed by all members of society through regulation of the mind, words and body. In Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 11.19.36–39, cleanliness is also defined as detachment from activities prompted by desire. Cleanliness, therefore, means to give up material attachment, not merely to frequently rinse one's skin with water. Hindus must bathe before entering temples in order to seek blessings, and temples often have tanks of water for this purpose. They also wash their feet before entering

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2400-595: The Ayyubid Sultanate , they referred to such contagious substances as najasat ("impure substances"). The fiqh scholar Ibn al-Haj al-Abdari ( c.  1250–133 ), while discussing Islamic diet and hygiene, gave advice and warnings about how contagion can contaminate water, food, and garments, and could spread through the water supply. purity [REDACTED] Look up purity in Wiktionary,

2475-480: The Church Father , Clement of Alexandria . The Didascalia Apostolorum , an early Christian manual, enjoined Christians to bathe themselves in those facilities that were separated by sex. The Church also built public bathing facilities that were sex-segregated near monasteries and pilgrimage sites. The popes situated baths within church basilicas and monasteries since the early Middle Ages. Pope Gregory

2550-509: The Quran that discuss cleanliness. For example, "…Truly, Allah loves those who turn to Him constantly and He 'loves those who keep themselves pure and clean" (2:222). And, "…In mosque, there are men who love to be clean and pure. Allah loves those who make themselves clean and pure" (9:108). The first lessons in Islamic catechisms are often matters of cleanliness, with subjects including: what

2625-503: The contagion / germ theory of disease found in the medieval Islamic world , was proposed by Persian physician Ibn Sina (also known as Avicenna) in The Canon of Medicine (1025). He mentioned that people can transmit disease to others by breath, noted contagion with tuberculosis , and discussed the transmission of disease through water and dirt. The concept of invisible contagion was eventually widely accepted by Islamic scholars . In

2700-497: The hygiene hypothesis has declined, popular folklore continues to sometimes assert that dirt is healthy and hygiene unnatural. This has caused health professionals to be concerned that hygiene behaviors which are the foundation of public health are being undermined. In response to the need for effective hygiene in home and everyday life settings, the International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene developed

2775-458: The 7th century, has elaborate rules. Taharah (ritual purity) involves performing wudu (ablution) for salah (five daily prayers), as well as regularly performing ghusl (bathing), which led to bathhouses being built across the Islamic world . Islamic toilet hygiene also requires washing with water after using the toilet, for purity and to minimize germs. A basic form of

2850-511: The Goddess Lakshmi to their abode to stay. Some orthodox Hindus refrain from cleaning their houses on a Friday as it is a day dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi and cleaning homes on that day is considered inauspicious, so they clean their homes on other days. Tamil people also keep their homes clean in preparation for Diwali, Pongal , or Bhol . Islam stresses the importance of cleanliness and personal hygiene . There are many verses in

2925-552: The Great urged his followers on value of bathing as a bodily need. Public bathhouse were common in medieval Christendom larger towns and cities such as Constantinople , Rome , Paris , Regensburg and Naples . Around the time of Tertullian , an early Church Father , it was customary for Christians to wash their hands ( manulavium ), face ( capitilavium ) and feet ( pedilavium ) before prayer , as well as before receiving Holy Communion . The rite of footwashing employed

3000-594: The U.S. Purity FM , a Nigerian radio station Purity, a former supermarket brand owned by Woolworths Supermarkets (Australia) Film [ edit ] Purity (film) , a 1916 motion picture Purity by Anat Zuria Black oil ( The X-Files ) (also known as Purity), a fictional alien virus in the TV series The X-Files Music [ edit ] "Purity" (song) , a 1999 song by Slipknot on their debut self-titled album Purity (Hate Forest album) (2003) Places [ edit ] Purity Mountain ,

3075-562: The administration of medicine and medical care that prevents or minimizes the spread of disease. Medical hygiene practices include: Most of these practices were developed in the 19th century and were well-established by the mid-20th century. Some procedures (such as disposal of medical waste ) were refined in response to late-20th century disease outbreaks , notably AIDS and Ebola . Culinary hygiene (or food hygiene) pertains to practices of food management and cooking that prevent food contamination , prevent food poisoning , and minimize

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3150-500: The body, e.g., underwear, personal towels, facecloths, nappies. Cloths or other fabric items used during food preparation, or for cleaning the toilet or cleaning up material such as feces or vomit are a particular risk. Microbiological and epidemiological data indicates that clothing and household linens are a risk factor for infection transmission in home and everyday life settings as well as institutional settings. The lack of quantitative data linking contaminated clothing to infection in

3225-400: The body. Cleanliness or śauca is both internal and external. Hinduism extols not only external cleanliness but also internal cleanliness or purity. Since the minds of devotees ( bhakta ) are constantly absorbed in the all-pure lord, they become internally cleansed from the defects ( kleśa ) of lust, anger, greed, envy, ego, etc. In this state of mind, they naturally prefer to keep

3300-556: The church temple during menses ; and men do not enter a church the day after they have had intercourse with their wives. Christianity has always placed a strong emphasis on hygiene , despite the denunciation of the mixed bathing style of Roman pools by early Christian clergy, as well as the pagan custom of women naked bathing in front of men, this did not stop the Church from urging its followers to go to public baths for bathing, which contributed to hygiene and good health according to

3375-673: The domestic setting makes it difficult to assess the extent of this risk. This also indicates that risks from clothing and household linens are somewhat less than those associated with hands, hand contact and food contact surfaces, and cleaning cloths, but even so these risks need to be managed through effective laundering practices. In the home, this should be carried out as part of a multibarrier approach to hygiene which includes hand, food, respiratory, and other hygiene practices. Infectious disease risks from contaminated clothing can increase significantly under certain conditions - for example, in healthcare situations in hospitals, care homes, and

3450-713: The domestic setting where someone has diarrhoea, vomiting, or a skin or wound infection. The risk increases in circumstances where someone has reduced immunity to infection. Hygiene measures, including laundry hygiene, are an important part of reducing spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of infectious organisms. In the community, otherwise-healthy people can become persistent skin carriers of MRSA , or faecal carriers of enterobacteria strains which can carry multi-antibiotic resistance factors (e.g. NDM-1 or ESBL -producing strains). The risks are not apparent until, for example, they are admitted to hospital, when they can become "self infected" with their own resistant organisms following

3525-427: The external body and environment pure as well. Thus, in accordance with the old saying, "cleanliness is next to godliness", they are also externally pure. Śrīmad Bhāgavatam explains the internal and external cleanliness as: My dear Uddhava, general cleanliness, washing the hands, bathing, performing religious services at sunrise, noon and sunset, worshiping Me, visiting holy places, chanting japa , avoiding that which

3600-475: The following: home and everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep hygiene, and food hygiene . Home and every day hygiene includes hand washing , respiratory hygiene, food hygiene at home, hygiene in the kitchen, hygiene in the bathroom, laundry hygiene, and medical hygiene at home. And also environmental hygiene in the society to prevent all kinds of bacterias from penetrating into our homes. Many people equate hygiene with "cleanliness", but hygiene

3675-440: The free dictionary. [REDACTED] Wikiquote has quotations related to Purity . Purity may refer to: Books [ edit ] Pureza (novel) , a 1937 Brazilian novel by José Lins do Rego Purity (novel) , a 2015 novel by Jonathan Franzen Purity (TV series) , a TV series based on the novel Purity , a 2012 novel by Jackson Pearce Purity , a 1998 novel by Shaun Hutson Purity ,

3750-680: The hands ( alcohol hand sanitizers ). Alcohol hand sanitizers however are not considered to be effective on soiled hands. The term biocide is a broad term for a substance that kills, inactivates or otherwise controls living organisms. It includes antiseptics and disinfectants, which combat micro-organisms, and pesticides . Personal hygiene involves those practices performed by a person to care for their bodily health and well-being through cleanliness. Motivations for personal hygiene practice include reduction of personal illness, healing from illness, optimal health and sense of wellbeing, social acceptance, and prevention of spread of illness to others. What

3825-707: The home are people (who are carriers or are infected), foods (particularly raw foods), water, pets, and domestic animals. Sites that accumulate stagnant water – such as sinks, toilets , waste pipes, cleaning tools, and face cloths – readily support microbial growth and can become secondary reservoirs of infection, though species are mostly those that threaten "at risk" groups. Pathogens (such as potentially infectious bacteria and viruses – colloquially called "germs") are constantly shed via mucous membranes, feces, vomit, skin scales, and other means. When circumstances combine, people are exposed, either directly or via food or water, and can develop an infection. The main "highways" for

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3900-513: The human immune system; the fewer germs people are exposed to in early childhood, the more likely they are to experience certain health problems in childhood and as adults. However, the valuation of cleanliness also has a social and cultural dimension beyond the requirements of hygiene for practical purposes. Certain processes in industry, such as those related to integrated circuit manufacturing, require conditions of exceptional cleanliness. These are achieved by working in cleanrooms . Cleanliness

3975-655: The hygiene practices that prevent or minimize the spread of disease at home and other everyday settings such as social settings, public transport, the workplace, public places, and more. Hygiene in a variety of settings plays an important role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. It includes procedures like hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, food and water hygiene, general home hygiene (hygiene of environmental sites and surfaces), care of domestic animals, and home health care (the care of those who are at greater risk of infection). At present, these components of hygiene tend to be regarded as separate issues, although based on

4050-402: The late 1970s as a method to help people with mild to moderate insomnia , but, as of 2014 , the evidence for effectiveness of individual recommendations is "limited and inconclusive". Clinicians assess the sleep hygiene of people who present with insomnia and other conditions, such as depression, and offer recommendations based on the assessment. Sleep hygiene recommendations include establishing

4125-416: The maintenance of a good personal and public appearance, which need not necessarily be hygienic. It may involve, for example, using deodorants or perfume, shaving , or combing . Excessive cleaning of the ear canals can result in infection or irritation. The ear canals require less care than other parts of the body because they are sensitive and mostly self-cleaning. There is a slow and orderly migration of

4200-403: The mouth, nasal mucous, or the eye, "hygienic cleaning" procedures should be adopted to eliminate pathogens from critical surfaces. Hand washing (or handwashing), also known as hand hygiene, is the act of cleaning one's hands with soap or handwash and water to remove viruses / bacteria / microorganisms , dirt, grease, and other harmful or unwanted substances stuck to the hands. Drying of

4275-562: The presence of the holy rivers, the following mantra is chanted before the daily bath: " AUM gaṇge ca yamune caiva godāvarī sarasvatī / narmade siṇdhu kāverī jalesmin saṃnidhim kuru ." [In this water, I invoke the presence of holy waters from the rivers Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Sarasvati, Narmada, Sindhu and Kaveri.] Hindus clean their homes particularly well in preparing to celebrate Diwali each year as they believe that this brings good luck . Most Hindus also believe that keeping your house clean and great devotion are gestures to welcome

4350-623: The product is a disinfectant, the label on the product should say "disinfectant" or "kills" pathogens. Some commercial products, e.g. bleaches, even though they are technically disinfectants, say that they "kill pathogens" but are not actually labelled as "disinfectants". Not all disinfectants kill all types of pathogens. All disinfectants kill bacteria (called bactericidal). Some also kill fungi (fungicidal), bacterial spores (sporicidal), or viruses (virucidal). An antibacterial product acts against bacteria in some unspecified way. Some products labelled "antibacterial" kill bacteria while others may contain

4425-686: The proportion of a named pure substance in a sample (by weight, mass, volume, or count) Fineness , several units of purity of precious metals Nine (purity) , an informal unit of purity Purity, the colorfulness of a light source Purity (quantum mechanics) , a measure of correlation between a system and its environment Purity (algebraic geometry) , a lack of unmixed-ness See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Purity All pages with titles containing Purity Blood purity (disambiguation) Chemical purity Concentration Impurity (disambiguation) Pure (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

4500-626: The rate of community spread of these strains. Experience in the United States suggests that these strains are transmissible within families and in community settings such as prisons, schools, and sport teams. Skin-to-skin contact (including unabraded skin) and indirect contact with contaminated objects such as towels, sheets, and sports equipment seem to represent the mode of transmission. During laundering, temperature and detergent work to reduce microbial contamination levels on fabrics. Soil and microbes from fabrics are severed and suspended in

4575-409: The recommendations for hygienic laundering given by different agencies. Medical hygiene pertains to hygiene practices that prevent or minimize disease and the spreading of disease in relation to administering medical care to those who are infected or who are more at risk of infection in the home. Members of "at-risk" groups are cared for at home by a carer who may be a household member and who requires

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4650-409: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Purity . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purity&oldid=1248911142 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

4725-463: The same underlying microbiological principles. Preventing the spread of diseases means breaking the chain of infection transmission so that infection cannot spread. "Targeted hygiene" is based on identifying the routes of pathogen spread in the home and introducing hygiene practices at critical times to break the chain of infection. It uses a risk-based approach based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point ( HACCP ). The main sources of infection in

4800-832: The scum or scale left behind on baths, showers , and washbasins after washing and bathing . Thorough cleaning is important to prevent the spread of fungal infections. Molds can live on wall and floor tiles and on shower curtains. Mold can be responsible for infections, cause allergic reactions, deteriorate/damage surfaces, and cause unpleasant odors. Primary sites of fungal growth are inanimate surfaces, including carpets and soft furnishings. Airborne fungi are usually associated with damp conditions, poor ventilation, or closed air systems. Hygienic cleaning can be done through: Laundry hygiene involves practices that prevent disease and its spread via soiled clothing and household linens such as towels. Items most likely to be contaminated with pathogens are those that come into direct contact with

4875-420: The skin lining the ear canal from the eardrum to the outer opening of the ear. Old earwax is constantly being transported from the deeper areas of the ear canal out to the opening where it usually dries, flakes, and falls out. Attempts to clean the ear canals through the removal of earwax can push debris and foreign material into the ear that the natural movement of ear wax out of the ear would have removed. It

4950-421: The skin to prevent the entry of harmful bacteria that can cause sepsis. Day-to-day hygiene practices, other than special medical hygiene procedures, are no different for those at increased risk of infection than for other family members. The difference is that, if hygiene practices are not correctly carried out, the risk of infection is much greater. Chemical disinfectants are products that kill pathogens . If

5025-400: The spread of pathogens in the home are the hands, hand and food contact surfaces, and cleaning cloths and utensils (e.g. fecal–oral route of transmission). Pathogens can also be spread via clothing and household linens, such as towels . Utilities such as toilets and wash basins were invented to deal safely with human waste but still have risks associated with them. Safe disposal of human waste

5100-552: The spread of pathogens particularly during the cold and flu season: Routine cleaning of hands, food, sites, and surfaces (such as toilet seats and flush handles, door and tap handles, work surfaces, and bath and basin surfaces) in the kitchen, bathroom , and toilet rooms reduces the spread of pathogens. The infection risk from flush toilets is not high, provided they are properly maintained, although some splashing and aerosol formation can occur during flushing, particularly when someone has diarrhea. Pathogens can survive in

5175-403: The temple. In some Orthodox Hindu households, taking a bath after visiting a funeral ( antyeṣṭi ) is required by Hindus who believe that a funeral is an inauspicious thing to witness, the inauspiciousness of which will follow those who do not purify themselves. Hindus must visit the seven sacred rivers . Bathing in these rivers purifies the mind and increases their good merits. To invoke

5250-625: The thirty qualities to be acquired), 7.11.21 (cleanliness as a characteristic of a Brahmin ), 7.11.24 (cleanliness is a quality of the best worker), 11.3.24 (one should learn cleanliness to serve his or her guru), 11.17.16 (cleanliness is a natural quality of a Brahmin), 11.18.36 (cleanliness as a virtue among those who has realised God), 11.18.43 (quality to be practised by a householder), 11.21.14 (means of cleansing one body and mind), 11.19.36–39 (cleanliness means detachment from desire-prompted actions) 12.2.1 (effects of Kali Yuga on cleanliness). Śrīmad Bhāgavatam also recognises cleanliness as one of

5325-642: The thirty qualities which one must acquire to obtain the grace of God and identifies internal and external cleanliness among the twelve regular duties. Cleanliness is also an exalted quality which characterises the Satya Yuga (Golden Age) in Hinduism. Service of the Devas (gods), holy men, teachers, parents, and wise persons, as also the observance of cleanliness, uprightness, continence, and non-injury—these constitute austerities [ tapa ] pertaining to

5400-406: The wash water. These are then "washed away" during the rinse and spin cycles. In addition to physical removal, micro-organisms can be killed by thermal inactivation which increases as the temperature is increased. Chemical inactivation of microbes by the surfactants and activated oxygen-based bleach used in detergents contributes to the hygiene effectiveness of laundering. Adding hypochlorite bleach in

5475-459: The washed hands is part of the process as wet and moist hands are more easily recontaminated. If soap and water are unavailable, hand sanitizer that is at least 60% ( v/v ) alcohol in water can be used as long as hands are not visibly excessively dirty or greasy. Hand hygiene is central to preventing the spread of infectious diseases in home and everyday life settings. Correct respiratory and hand hygiene when coughing and sneezing reduces

5550-443: The washing process achieves inactivation of microbes. A number of other factors can contribute including drying and ironing. Drying laundry on a line in direct sunlight is known to reduce pathogens. In 2013, the International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene reviewed 30 studies of the hygiene effectiveness of laundering at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 70 °C (158 °F), under varying conditions. A key finding

5625-409: Was the lack of standardization and control within studies, and the variability in test conditions between studies such as wash cycle time, number of rinses, and other factors. The consequent variability in the data (i.e., the reduction in contamination on fabrics) in turn makes it extremely difficult to propose guidelines for laundering with any confidence. As a result, there is significant variability in

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