51°47′N 6°8′E / 51.783°N 6.133°E / 51.783; 6.133
29-663: Cleve or Cleves may refer to: Places [ edit ] The historical Duchy of Cleves Kleve , a town in Germany known historically in English as Cleves Cleve, South Australia , a town, Australia Cleve, a colonial plantation in King George County, Virginia , United States "The Cleve", a nickname for Cleveland, Ohio , United States Cleves, Iowa , an unincorporated community, United States Cleves, Ohio ,
58-457: A Flemish nobleman. He was enfeoffed of imperial property near Kleve in 1020, and Tomburg Castle some time after. The first documented lord from the House of Cleves is Dietrich, numbered variously as II or III, in 1092. Circles est. 1500: Bavarian , Swabian , Upper Rhenish , Lower Rhenish–Westphalian , Franconian , (Lower) Saxon Berg (state) Berg was a state—originally
87-527: A county, later a duchy —in the Rhineland of Germany . Its capital was Düsseldorf . It existed as a distinct political entity from the early 12th to the 19th centuries. It was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire . The name of the county lives on in the modern geographic term Bergisches Land , often misunderstood as bergiges Land (hilly country). The Counts of Berg emerged in 1101 as
116-671: A duke and a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1417, and the county became a duchy . The Cleves-Mark territories became one of the most significant estates of the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle in 1500, rivaled by the Prince-Bishops of Münster . In 1511 John III of La Marck , son of Duke John II of Cleves , married Maria and her estates and titles were then merged with the Duchy of Cleves. Upon
145-564: A junior line of the dynasty of the Ezzonen , which traced its roots back to the 9th-century Kingdom of Lotharingia , and in the 11th century became the most powerful dynasty in the region of the lower Rhine. In 1160, the territory split into two portions, one of them later becoming the County of the Mark , which returned to the possession of the family line in the 16th century. The most powerful of
174-696: A personal union. As a result of this union the dukes of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg controlled much of present-day North Rhine-Westphalia , with the exception of the clerical states of the Archbishop of Cologne and of the Bishop of Münster . William the Rich was the second duke of the united Julich-Cleves-Berg. He introduced the Gregorian Calendar into the duchies. However,
203-540: A village, United States United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg , a State of the Holy Roman Empire People [ edit ] Cleve (given name) Cleve (surname) Schoolboy Cleve (1925–2008), American harmonica player Other uses [ edit ] Cleve RFC , an English amateur rugby union club See also [ edit ] Anne of Cleves Kleve (disambiguation) Cleave (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
232-489: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Duchy of Cleves The Duchy of Cleves ( German : Herzogtum Kleve ; Dutch : Hertogdom Kleef ) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged from the medieval Hettergau [ de ] . It was situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine , around its capital Cleves and
261-657: The French revolutionary wars separated the two duchies of Jülich and Berg, and in 1803 Berg separated from the other Bavarian territories and came under the rule of a junior branch of the Wittelsbachs . In 1806, in the reorganization of the German lands occasioned by the end of the Holy Roman Empire , Berg became the Grand Duchy of Berg , under the rule of Napoleon's brother-in-law, Joachim Murat . Murat's arms combined
290-582: The Salic laws of the Holy Roman Empire caused the properties to pass to the husband of the female heir (women could not hold property except through a husband or a guardian). With the death of her father in 1511 the Dukes of Jülich-Berg became extinct, and the estate thus came under the rule of John III, Duke of Cleves — along with his personal territories, the County of the Mark and the Duchy of Cleves ( Kleve ) in
319-522: The County of Berg in 1348, and in 1380 the Emperor Wenceslaus elevated the counts of Berg to the rank of dukes, thus originating the Duchy of Jülich-Berg. In 1509, John III, Duke of Cleves , made a strategic marriage to Maria von Geldern , daughter of William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg , who became heiress to her father's estates: Jülich , Berg and the County of Ravensberg , which under
SECTION 10
#1732776820646348-637: The Grand Duke of Berg; French bureaucrats administered the territory in the name of the child. The Grand Duchy's short existence came to an end with Napoleon's defeat in 1813 and the peace settlements that followed. In 1815, after the Congress of Vienna , Berg became part of a province of the Kingdom of Prussia : the Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg . In 1822 this province united with the Grand Duchy of
377-731: The Great Elector Frederick William I of Brandenburg in 1666 and part of the Kingdom of Prussia after 1701, Cleves was occupied by French forces in the Seven Years' War (1757–1762). In the 1795 Peace of Basel the Duchy of Cleves west of the Rhine and Wesel was ceded to France , and became part of the French département of the Roer . The rest of the duchy was occupied between 1803 and 1805, and became part of
406-602: The Imperial rule, to local Lower Lorrainian nobles at Geldern and Kleve. A County of Cleves ( German : Grafschaft Kleve ; Dutch : Graafschap Kleef ) was first mentioned in the 11th century. Dietrich I was the first Count of Cleves and reigned from 1092 through 1119. In 1283, Cleves fought in the War of the Limburg Succession and helped weaken the powerful Electorate of Cologne . In 1355 Zevenaar passed from
435-678: The Lower Rhine to form the Rhine Province . – in union with Ravensberg – – in union with Ravensberg (except 1404–1437) and after 1423 in union with the duchy of Jülich – – from 1521 a part of the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg – – in union with Jülich und Palatinate-Neuburg , from 1690 also with the Electorate of the Palatinate , from 1777 also with Bavaria – The historic coat of arms of Berg shows
464-686: The Margrave of Brandenburg; Neuburg was a cadet branch of the House of Wittelsbach . According to the 1614 Treaty of Xanten , Brandenburg received Cleves-Mark and Neuburg received Jülich-Berg. The Hohenzollern margraves thereby got a first foothold in the Rhineland ; however, large parts of the Duchy of Cleves were occupied by the United Provinces until the Franco-Dutch War in 1672. Finally incorporated into Brandenburg-Prussia by
493-597: The Neuburg line inherited the Electorate and generally made Düsseldorf its capital. Elector Charles III Philipp disliked Düsseldorf, because the estates there did not want to grant the funds he demanded. As such, he moved his capital from Düsseldorf to Mannheim , where it remained until the Elector Palatine, Charles Theodore , inherited the Electorate of Bavaria in 1777. The French occupation (1794–1801) and annexation (1801) of Jülich (French: Juliers) during
522-456: The control of the Duchy of Guelders to the County of Cleves. Upon the death of Count Johann in 1368, the fief was inherited by his nephew Adolf III of the Marck . Cleves and the Marck were finally ruled in personal union by the House of La Marck after Adolf's elder brother Count Engelbert III had died without issue in 1391. King Sigismund of Germany raised Count Adolph I to the status of
551-460: The death of his father-in-law Duke William IV , John inherited the fiefs of Jülich and Berg through his wife. When John III succeeded his father as Duke of Cleves in 1521, the states of Jülich, Berge, Cleves and Mark formed the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg . His daughter Anne of Cleves (1515–1557) even became Queen Consort of England for a few months in 1540, as her brother William , duke since 1539, quarreled with Emperor Charles V over
580-531: The duchies. The Elector of Brandenburg , Frederick Wilhelm , still claimed the Duchy of Berg, and declared war, claiming to be the defender of protestants in Berg. This led to the Düsseldorf Cow War . In the following years however, tension over Berg between Neuburg and Brandenburg greatly decreased. Upon the extinction of the senior Wittelsbach dynasty ruling the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1685,
609-509: The early rulers of Berg, Engelbert II of Berg died in an assassination on November 7, 1225. In 1280 the counts moved their court from Schloss Burg on the Wupper river to the town of Düsseldorf . Count Adolf VIII of Berg fought on the winning side in the Battle of Worringen against Guelders in 1288. The power of Berg grew further in the 14th century. The County of Jülich united with
SECTION 20
#1732776820646638-534: The new ducal dynasty also became extinct in 1609, when the last duke died insane. This led to a lengthy dispute over succession to the various territories before the partition of 1614 : the Count Palatine of Neuburg , who had converted to Catholicism, annexed Jülich and Berg; while Cleves and Mark fell to John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg , who subsequently also became Duke of Prussia . Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg , became duke. He
667-467: The possession of Guelders and sought support from King Henry VIII . John William was the son of William and the last duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berge. He died without issue in 1609, and the War of the Jülich Succession broke out between the heirs of his two eldest sisters: Maria Eleonora, Duchess of Prussia , and Anna, Countess of Neuburg . Marie Eleonore's daughter Marie was married to
696-638: The present-day German districts of Cleves (northern part), Wesel and the city of Duisburg , as well as adjacent parts of the Limburg , North Brabant and Gelderland provinces in the Netherlands . In the early 11th century Emperor Henry II entrusted the administration of the Klever Reichswald , a large forested area around the Kaiserpfalz at Nijmegen directly subordinate to
725-756: The puppet-state Grand Duchy of Berg . In 1815, after the defeat of Napoleon , the duchy became part of the Prussian Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg , which was combined with the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine to form the Prussian Rhine Province in 1822. The cities Gennep , Zevenaar , and Huissen became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands as a result of the 1815 Congress of Vienna . The House of Cleves considers itself to be descended from Rutger von Antoing,
754-576: The red lion of Berg with the arms of the duchy of Cleves . The anchor and the batons came to the party due to Murat's positions as Grand Admiral and as Marshal of the Empire . As the husband of Napoleon's sister Caroline Bonaparte , Murat also had the right to use the imperial eagle. In 1809, one year after Murat's promotion from Grand Duke of Berg to King of Naples , Napoleon's young nephew, Prince Napoleon Louis Bonaparte (1804–1831, elder son of Napoleon's brother Louis Bonaparte , King of Holland) became
783-446: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cleve . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cleve&oldid=1221238689 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
812-628: The towns of Wesel , Kalkar , Xanten , Emmerich , Rees and Duisburg bordering the lands of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster in the east and the Duchy of Brabant in the west. Its history is closely related to that of its southern neighbours: the Duchies of Jülich and Berg , as well as Guelders and the Westphalian county of Mark . The Duchy was archaically known as Cleveland in English. The duchy's territory roughly covered
841-478: Was a member of the powerful House of Wittelsbach , which ruled Bavaria and the Electoral Palatinate . During his reign, Düsseldorf served as his center of court on occasion. During the 30 Years' War, even though there were no significant battles around Berg, the territories still had to deal with the stresses of war. At the end of the 30 Years' War, Wolfgang Wilhelm tried to spread Catholicism in
#645354