Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires . It involves the study of the behaviour, compartmentalisation , suppression and investigation of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production, testing and application of mitigating systems . In structures, be they land-based, offshore or even ships, the owners and operators are responsible to maintain their facilities in accordance with a design-basis that is rooted in laws, including the local building code and fire code, which are enforced by the authority having jurisdiction .
8-451: The Cleveland Division of Fire provides fire protection and works with Cleveland EMS to provide emergency medical service to the city of Cleveland , Ohio . The department, which was founded in April 1863, is responsible for 82 square miles (210 km) with a population of over 390,000 people. The Division of Fire operates out of a headquarters building at 1645 Superior Avenue, which
16-401: A bracketed E, "(E)" denoted on various types of extinguishers. Fires are sometimes categorized as "one alarm", "two alarm", "three alarm" (or higher) fires. There is no standard definition for what this means quantifiably, though it always refers to the level response by the local authorities. In some cities, the numeric rating refers to the number of fire stations that have been summoned to
24-574: Is a table showing the standard operated in Europe and Australia against the system used in the United States . Technically there is no such thing as a "Class E" fire, as electricity itself does not burn. However, it is considered a dangerous and very deadly complication to a fire, therefore using the incorrect extinguishing method can result in serious injury or death. Class E, however generally refers to fires involving electricity, therefore
32-543: The architect and other consultants. A building permit is issued after review by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) . Deviations from that original plan should be made known to the AHJ to make sure that the change is still in compliance with the law to prevent any unsafe conditions that may violate the law and put people at risk. For example, if the firestop systems in a structure were inoperable,
40-478: The event of fire emergencies, Firefighters , fire investigators, and other fire prevention personnel are called to mitigate, investigate and learn from the damage of a fire . When deciding on what fire protection is appropriate for any given situation, it is important to assess the types of fire hazards that may be faced. Some jurisdictions operate systems of classifying fires using code letters. Whilst these may agree on some classifications, they also vary. Below
48-413: The fire. In others, the number counts the number of "dispatches" for additional personnel and equipment. Fire protection in land-based buildings , offshore construction or on board ships is typically achieved via all of the following: Passive fire protection (PFP) in the form of compartmentalisation was developed prior to the invention of or widespread use of active fire protection (AFP), mainly in
56-420: The form of automatic fire sprinkler systems. During this time, PFP was the dominant mode of protection provided in facility designs. With the widespread installation of fire sprinklers in the past 50 years, the reliance on PFP as the only approach was reduced. Fire protection within a structure relies on all of its components. The building is designed in compliance with the local building code and fire code by
64-478: Was completed in 1974 at a cost of about $ 1.6 million. As of May 2015 below is a complete list of all stations and apparatus operated by the Cleveland Fire Department. Since 2000, these companies have been closed: Fire protection Buildings must be maintained in accordance with the current fire code, which is enforced by the fire prevention officers of a local fire department. In
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