72-667: The Cleveland Hills are a range of hills on the north-west edge of the North York Moors in North Yorkshire , England, overlooking Cleveland and Teesside . They lie entirely within the boundaries of the North York Moors National Park . Part of the 110-mile (177 km) long Cleveland Way National Trail runs along the hills, and they are also crossed by a section of Wainwright's Coast to Coast Walk . The hills, which rise abruptly from
144-458: A guyed steel tubular mast that was primarily used for radio and television transmission. The height of the mast was 314 metres (1,030 ft) to the pinnacle. Until a fire disabled the transmitter on 10 August 2021 it was among the most powerful transmitters in the UK. The power for analogue was 500 kW ERP and it was 100 kW / 50 kW for digital. The mast was equipped with aircraft warning lights , in
216-664: A circular long distance bridle route created around the North York Moors which can be accessed at a number of locations. The steep escarpments that define the edges of the National Park on three sides are used by several gliding clubs. In late 2020, the National Park was named as an International Dark Sky Reserve. This honour confirms that the area has "low levels of light pollution with good conditions for astronomy". The National Park has two visitor centres which have tourist information and exhibitions, as well as
288-551: A collection of circular stone hut foundations on Percy Rigg. Other evidence of Iron Age occupation is scarce, having been obliterated by subsequent agricultural activity. By 71 AD, the Roman army had reached Yorkshire, where they established a fort at Malton. Wade's Causeway may have been one of the several Roman roads which radiated from this point. It led north-eastwards over the Vale of Pickering and across Wheeldale Moor towards
360-683: A contemporary gallery. These are at: The North York Moors have not changed much in the past 50 years, and are often used as a location for British television programmes and films . The series Heartbeat and the scenes of Hogsmeade Station in the Harry Potter movies were filmed in Goathland . Bilsdale transmitting station The Bilsdale transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, located at Bilsdale West Moor above Bilsdale , close to Helmsley , North Yorkshire , England. The original facility included
432-586: A different transmitter which broadcast news and television programmes from another region, and areas such as York , Harrogate , Thirsk, Pickering , Malton and some parts of Ripon who received the Bilsdale transmitter were able to receive the Emley Moor transmitter situated near Huddersfield in West Yorkshire . On 6 October 2021, Arqiva carried out a controlled demolition of the old mast, as
504-661: A low watershed, is drained by the River Leven , which flows west to join the River Tees . On their south side, the moorland is incised by a series of dales which drain into tributaries of the River Derwent . The westernmost dale is Rye Dale , to the west of which rise the Hambleton Hills . Bilsdale is a side dale of Rye Dale. East of Bilsdale Bransdale , Farndale , Rosedale and Newton Dale cut into
576-521: A new Danish kingdom based at York. The Danes settled in the area and later themselves became Christian. They introduced their language, elements of which still remain in the local dialect, and renamed a number of settlements. King William I of England and his Norman barons took control of the nation in 1066. Central to the imposition of Norman rule was the building of castles. There are well-preserved castle ruins at Helmsley, Pickering and Scarborough and others existed at Ayton, Danby, Mulgrave and Whorlton. In
648-509: A number of gods, notably Woden . However, Christianity came to Yorkshire when King Edwin of Northumbria was baptised in 627 AD at York. Christian monasteries were established at Lastingham in 654 and Whitby in 657. A nunnery was built at Hackness in 680. In the 9th century, Viking raiders began to attack the Yorkshire coast, and in 867 these Danes destroyed the religious houses at Whitby, Lastingham and Hackness and after battle set up
720-539: A structural engineering assessment. Arqiva confirmed that they were working on restoring service using a combination of temporary structures and existing infrastructure around the region, but were unable to provide a timescale for this. Viewers in the Hartlepool and Redcar and the eastern edges of Middlesbrough were able to receive their television services from the Eston Nab transmitting station. The frequencies of
792-532: A widespread scattering of flint tools and the barbed flint flakes used in arrows and spears. By 5000 BC, as global sea levels rose and the North Sea came into existence, Britain was cut off from mainland Europe. During the New Stone Age, which lasted from around 4500 to 2000 BC, the population increased and agriculture was adopted. These early farmers were the first to destroy the forest cover of
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#1732772390394864-598: Is abundant rain and poor drainage. Cotton grass is a distinctive plant which grows in the boggy areas. In the cold acid waters of peat bogs there is little decomposition of organic material with the result that the dead sphagnum moss gradually accumulates to form peat. This raises the levels of the bogs and they dry out. Heather then invades the area. Large areas of the moorland are now covered in heather, bilberries and grasses growing on thick layers of peat. The acid soils and peat bogs are unsuitable for earthworms so species which usually feed on earthworms such as moles and
936-734: Is an upland area in north-eastern Yorkshire , England. It contains one of the largest expanses of heather moorland in the United Kingdom. The area was designated as a National Park in 1952, through the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 . Covering an area of 554 sq mi (1,430 km ), the National Park has a population of 23,380. It is administered by the North York Moors National Park Authority, which
1008-741: Is based in Helmsley . To the east, the area is clearly defined by the impressive cliffs of the North Sea coast. The northern and western boundaries are defined by the steep scarp slopes of the Cleveland Hills edging the Tees lowlands and the Hambleton Hills above the Vale of Mowbray . To the south lies the broken line of the Tabular Hills and the Vale of Pickering . Four roads cross
1080-450: Is burned in strips by gamekeepers and farmers to encourage new heather growth to feed the grouse. Grouse shooting is part of the moorland economy. About 20 per cent of the national park is covered in bracken . Few things can grow under its dense cover and it does not support many insects and is unpalatable to most animals. The bracken is extremely invasive. Sheep are a ubiquitous part of the moorland landscape. Their grazing helps to maintain
1152-437: Is influenced by predominantly westerly winds with depressions and their associated fronts , bringing with them unsettled and windy weather, particularly in winter. Between depressions, there are often small mobile anticyclones that bring periods of fine weather. In winter, anticyclones bring cold dry weather. In summer, the anticyclones tend to bring dry settled conditions, which can lead to drought. For its latitude, this area
1224-599: Is milder in winter and cooler in summer due to the influence of the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic Ocean . Air temperature varies on a daily and seasonal basis. The temperature is usually lower at night and January is the coldest time of the year. The two dominant influences on the climate of the North York Moors are the shelter against the worst of the moist westerly winds provided by the Pennines and
1296-724: Is variable from year to year, but the area gets much more snow on average than other parts of the country. Heavy falls are associated with northeasterly winds off the North Sea. Roads over the high moorland areas are notoriously prone to drifting snow due to the exposed nature of the terrain. Average recordings are: The geology of the North York Moors is dominated by rocks of the Jurassic period. They were mostly laid down in subtropical seas 205 to 142 million years ago. Fluctuations in sea level produced different rock types varying from shales to sandstones and limestones derived from coral. These marine and delta deposited rocks are well exposed on
1368-701: The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 . Popular named walks include the Cleveland Way , which circles the North York Moors, including a coastal section; and the Lyke Wake Walk , which leads directly across the heart of the National Park. The route of the White Rose Way , a long distance walk from Leeds to Scarborough also passes through. The area also offers opportunities for cycling , mountain biking , and horse-riding , including
1440-520: The Devensian , ended about 11,000 years ago. The higher parts of the North York Moors were not covered by the ice sheets but glaciers flowed southwards on either side of the higher land mass. As the climate became warmer at the end of the ice age, the snowfields on the North York Moors began to melt. The meltwater was unable to escape northwards, westwards or eastwards because it was blocked by ice. Huge torrents of water were forced southwards. Water from
1512-424: The common shrew are absent on the moorland. The pygmy shrew survives by eating the insects and spiders that live in the heather. Lapwing , curlew and redshank breed on the moorland and there are sandpipers along the streams. Wheatear and golden plovers inhabit grassier patches on the moorland and ring ouzels live in stony areas. Red grouse , which feed on young heather shoots, are abundant. The heather
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#17327723903941584-498: The last ice age . The same formation also provides the lowermost slopes of the scarp. The full sequence, presented in stratigraphic order , i.e. youngest/uppermost at top is: Most of these formations are various combinations of sandstone , mudstone and siltstone though a couple also contain limestones and the Cleveland Ironstone and Eller Beck formations include ironstone , the former having been exploited for
1656-470: The wood vetch and orchids are also to be found. Adders are widespread throughout the national park. On the moors they eat common lizards and around the hedgerows and woodland edges they feed on mice and voles. The limestone grasslands support a wide variety of wild flowers, and many rarer butterflies can be seen. Pearl-bordered fritillary , Duke of Burgundy fritillary , marbled white , dingy skipper and grayling are just some of species that inhabit
1728-435: The 11th and 12th centuries monasteries were established on the moors at Whitby Abbey , Rievaulx Abbey , Byland Abbey and Mount Grace Priory . Gifts of land and money were bestowed on these establishments and the monastic orders became notable landowners, eventually owning about a third of the land in the area. The abbeys managed their land as sheep farms and became very rich on the profits. They continued to take in land from
1800-409: The 19th century railways were built from Pickering to Whitby (1836), Middlesbrough to Whitby (1868) and Scarborough to Whitby (1884). Locally sourced iron ore has been processed on the North York Moors from medieval times. In the 19th century it became a boom industry. Dozens of ironstone mines and several short-lived blast furnaces were constructed. Between 1856 and 1926 high-grade magnetic ironstone
1872-521: The 314 metres (1,030 ft) tall Bilsdale transmitting station , providing 40–50 miles coverage of UHF transmissions for digital TV and radio in the north-east's Tyne Tees region. The digital switchover at Bilsdale was completed in two stages, on 12 and 26 September 2012, one of the last transmitters in England to complete this operation, the others being Pontop Pike and Chatton in the same region. North York Moors The North York Moors
1944-505: The Esk Valley, and East Yorkshire route 128 connects Scarborough and Helmsley. On weekends during the summer, these are complemented by Moorsbus services, which run from local urban centres into more remote parts of the national park which are difficult to access without private transport. Some of the routes across the North York Moors are noted for their beauty – the 840 was declared Britain's most scenic bus route by Bus Users UK while
2016-483: The Esk valley area flowed southwards gouging out the deep Newtondale valley as it went. Water from the North York Moors formed a vast lake in the area of the Vale of Pickering. Eventually this lake filled its basin and then overflowed at the lowest point which was at Kirkham. Here it cut the steep sided Kirkham gorge. When the ice finally retreated it left deep deposits of boulder clay (or till ) behind. The boulder clay blocked
2088-574: The Eston Nab relay were altered to match the frequencies of the out-of-service Bilsdale frequencies for the PSB services, and COM TV services are provided by a temporary mast to the same area, using Eston Nab’s frequencies. On 19 August, transmitter operator Arqiva announced that an increase in power would enable 250,000 households in the area to receive a signal from the Eston Nab transmitter. Viewers in most parts of North Yorkshire were able to switch to
2160-588: The Moors and finally destroyed much of the original forest. The climate was relatively warmer and drier at this time so it was possible to live on the high moors throughout the year. When a piece of land was exhausted of nutrients, these people moved on, leaving behind land that was incapable of supporting anything but a heathland vegetation. There are about 3,000 Bronze Age burial mounds on the moors. The Iron Age dates from about 600 BC. There are remains of two promontory hill forts at Boltby Scar and Roulston Scar and
2232-465: The North Sea coast. There are Roman camps at Cawthorn and Lease Rigg near Grosmont and signal stations along the coast at Filey, Scarborough, Ravenscar, Goldsborough and Hunt Cliff . The Romans left Britain in 410 AD. After the departure of the Romans, Germanic tribes arrived and settled in the area. These Angles, Saxons and Jutes gave many of the place names to villages on the moors. They worshipped
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2304-698: The North York Moors from north to south. In the east, the A171 joins Whitby and Scarborough . Further inland, the A169 runs between Pickering and Whitby. More centrally, a minor road departs from the A170 at Keldholme and passes through Castleton before joining the A171 which connects Whitby and Guisborough . The most westerly route is the B1257 connecting Helmsley to Stokesley . The A170 from Thirsk to Scarborough marks
2376-527: The Vale of Pickering flowing westwards, turns southwards at Malton and flows through the eastern part of the Vale of York before emptying into the River Ouse at Barmby on the Marsh . As part of the United Kingdom, the North York Moors area generally has warm summers and relatively mild winters. Weather conditions vary from day to day as well as from season to season. The latitude of the area means that it
2448-580: The X93 was the tenth most scenic. The cyclists in the 2018 and 2019 Tour de Yorkshire passed through a section of the North York Moors. The North York Moors consist of a moorland plateau, dissected by a number of deep dales or valleys containing cultivated land or woodland. The largest dale is Eskdale , the valley of the River Esk which flows from west to east and empties into the North Sea at Whitby . The Cleveland Hills rise north of Eskdale. At
2520-445: The Yorkshire coast from Staithes to Filey. Subsequently, about 30 million years ago, the land was uplifted and tilted towards the south by earth movements. The upper layers of rock were eroded away and the older rocks were exposed in places. Because of the tilt the oldest rocks became exposed in the north. These are the bands of shales and ironstones on the northern scarp of the North York Moors and Cleveland Hills. The middle layers form
2592-434: The air and salt or clear water. Rock pools contain sea anemones , blennies , crabs and molluscs . Sandy shores harbour a variety of plants and animals which are buried in the sand. Birds such as curlews and oyster catchers are to be seen prodding the sand to find these creatures for food. A few cormorants and fulmars breed along the coast where stonechats and rock pipits can also be spotted. Herring gulls are
2664-510: The cold climate of the ice age ameliorated and temperatures rose above growing point of 5.5 °C (41.9 °F). Plant life was gradually re-established and animals and humans also returned. Around 8,000 BC, Britain was still part of the European landmass, and communities of Middle Stone Age people migrated to England and began to inhabit the North York Moors. Relics of this early hunting, gathering and fishing community have been found as
2736-518: The commonest breeding birds and are an interesting sight nesting in the chimneys of coastal towns. There are records of 12,000 archaeological sites and features in the North York Moors National Park of which 700 are scheduled monuments . Radio carbon dating of pollen grains preserved in the moorland peat provides a record of the actual species of plants that existed at various periods in the past. About 10,000 years ago,
2808-469: The eastern end of the Vale of Pickering causing a permanent deviation in the course of the River Derwent. Alluvium from the glacial meltwater covers many areas to the north of the moors and in the Esk valley. The North York Moors National Park encompasses three main types of landscape, whose differences are clearly visible, and the coastal belt. There are predominantly green areas of pasture land,
2880-424: The first time. Having added UHF TV to the existing VHF TV stations at Pontop Pike and Emley Moor , it was quickly established that a new station would be required to cover County Durham and north North Yorkshire where existing coverage was poor, and thus the new station was built. Colour broadcasts on BBC1 started on Saturday 31 October 1970. On 10 August 2021, a fire started at the complex which included
2952-591: The flat Tees Valley to the north, include distinctive landmarks such as the cone-shaped peak of Roseberry Topping , near the village of Great Ayton – childhood home of Captain James Cook . The hills are formed by multiple stacked layers of Jurassic age sedimentary rocks . The scarp rises above the low ground to the north and west formed by the mudstones of the Redcar Mudstone Formation, though largely buried beneath glacial till from
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3024-462: The form of arrays of red LEDs . The station was owned and operated by Arqiva . After the main mast was disabled a temporary 80 metres (260 ft) mast was installed at the site. The temporary mast commenced operations on 13 October 2021. Bilsdale was constructed by J. L. Eve Construction for the BBC in 1969 to bring 625-line colour television on UHF to Teesside and the surrounding areas for
3096-415: The high ground. These woodland areas are the home of pied flycatchers, sparrow hawks and wood warblers . Roe and fallow deer can also be found here. The woodlands and south facing grasslands on the limestone belt provide a good habitat for many butterflies. The fertile alkaline soils support an abundance of wild flowers. Bluebells and primroses grow in the hedgerows in spring and rarer plants such as
3168-688: The hills and dated to the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods, indication of an active population in prehistoric times across the region. In 1850 ironstone was discovered by John Marley of Bolckow and Vaughan in the Eston Hills , outliers of the Cleveland Hills, leading to mining on a large scale and the rapid growth of nearby Middlesbrough . By the 1870s industry would be producing steel in vast amounts, and mining for coal, alum , jet , cement stone concretions, shale and potash from
3240-401: The hills, as well as employing sandstone and limestone quarries to gather raw materials. Many of the mines and quarries are still evident today. The following heights are some of the highest or most notable in the range. There are numerous towns and villages on, or in the vicinity of, the Cleveland Hills including the following: Bilsdale West Moor, situated in the Cleveland Hills, is home to
3312-449: The industry grew in the middle of the 19th century in response to a fashion for the jewellery produced from it. In the 1880s cheap imports produced a decline in the industry which was focused on Whitby. The remains of alum quarries are to be found to the north of the area and along the coast. Alum was important to the textile industry because it was used as a mordant or fixative for dyes that were used to colour cloth. The industry thrived in
3384-760: The ironworking industry in former times. The plateau surface is largely formed by the sandstones of the Saltwick and Cloughton formations whilst the summit of Roseberry Topping is an outlier of the Saltwick Formation separated from the main Cleveland Hills range by erosion. The Cleveland Dyke cuts through the hills forming the Langbaurgh Ridge and Cliff Ridge just south of Roseberry Topping where Cliff Rigg Quarry has exploited this Palaeogene age basaltic andesite intrusion for use as roadstone. Glaciofluvial deposits are scattered around
3456-426: The livestock farms. The main arable crops are barley, wheat, oilseed rape, potatoes, and sugar beets. There is also some intensive production of pigs and poultry. Many visitors to the North York Moors are engaged in outdoor pursuits, particularly walking ; the National Park has a network of public rights of way almost 1,400 miles (2,300 km) in length, and most of the areas of open moorland are open access under
3528-760: The margins of the hills, notably in Kildale whilst peat has accumulated on the plateau surface in some areas. Landslips are common in the Lias Group rocks along the scarp face in the west and in Raisdale to the south. There are a number of tumuli and stone circles scattered throughout the Cleveland Hills and North York Moors, dating back to the Bronze Age , as well as many cairns that are of varied ages, some of which are relatively modern. Hundreds of flint arrowheads have been discovered during excavations in
3600-499: The mast. At 13:19 an engineer working at the transmitter called the North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service stating that he believed the mast was on fire and could see smoke coming from below the first stay level 50–60 metres (160–200 ft) from the ground. It was reported that up to one million homes had lost TV and radio signals. Concerns remained about the structural integrity of the mast, which now needed to have
3672-485: The moorland. In the south east, the landscape is marked by the narrow valleys of the upper reaches of the Derwent and its upper tributaries. About 23 per cent of the North York Moors is under woodland cover (mostly located to the south-west and south-east), equivalent to more than 300 square kilometres of trees. It is home to the largest concentration of ancient and veteran trees in northern England. The Derwent crosses
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#17327723903943744-455: The moors. Their settlements were concentrated in the fertile parts of the limestone belt and these areas have been continuously farmed ever since. The Neolithic farmers grew crops, kept animals, made pottery and were highly skilled at making stone implements. They buried their dead in long low burial mounds. Around 2000 BC, the early Bronze Age Beaker People inhabited the Moors. During a 1,400 year period, these people inhabited all areas of
3816-733: The national park. The cliffs and sandy bays of the northern end of the Yorkshire Coast offer an assortment of seashore habitats. An area where the Cleveland Hills meets the sea has been designated as a Heritage Coast . The cliff at Boulby, at 690 feet (210 m), the highest point on the east coast of England is formed by Jurassic shales, clays and ironstones. There are also fine exposures of Jurassic rocks with their characteristic fossils around Robin Hoods Bay and Ravenscar. Rocky shores offer an abundance of seaweeds in zones of different types which are more and less tolerant of exposure to
3888-406: The north, and Barnard Castle and Worton to the west as main reception areas. TV coverage extends particularly at the coast up to Alnwick, Northumberland in the north being useful for areas where the main signal from Pontop Pike is shaded, and southwards as far as north Nottinghamshire / Lincolnshire as an alternative to regional programming from Leeds and Birmingham / Nottingham. In July 2007, it
3960-493: The open wild landscape that is needed for many other plants and animals to thrive. Limestone weathers quickly to produce nutrient rich alkaline soils on well drained rocks. Gouging by glacial meltwaters has left spectacular valleys along whose floors run streams. The limestone streams with their nutrient rich waters support an abundance of aquatic invertebrates such as insect larvae and crustaceans . These in turn support such fish as trout and grayling . Insects which emerge from
4032-510: The park each year, has been formed and maintained by generations of farmers. The 1996 Agricultural Census recorded a total workforce of 2,913 employed on 1,342 working farms. Sheep and cattle provide the prime source of farm income. The dale farms have rights to graze sheep on the open moor. The rights to moorland grazing are often essential to the economic viability of a farm. In recent years agriculture in Britain has suffered economic setbacks and
4104-406: The proximity of the North Sea . Late, chilly springs and warm summers are a feature of the area, but there are often spells of fine autumn weather. Onshore winds in spring and early summer bring mists or low stratus clouds (known locally as sea frets) to the coasts and moorland. Within the area, variations in climate are brought about by local differences in altitude, aspect and shelter. Snowfall
4176-406: The purple and brown heather moorland, and woodland. The three kinds of scenery are the result of differences in the underlying geology and each supports different wildlife communities. Sandstones erode slowly and form poor acid soils which are deficient in nutrients. They are less permeable to water, impeding drainage and encouraging the formation of bogs. Sphagnum moss bogs are common where there
4248-442: The region from the early 17th century until 1871. Its decline came when chemical dyes were discovered. The scars of industrial activity on the moors make it an interesting area in which to pursue industrial archaeology. The area's economy is mainly founded on tourism and agriculture . For over a thousand years the basis of the economy in the North York Moors was agriculture. The rural scene, which attracts millions of visitors to
4320-526: The sandstones of the high moorland and the youngest layers of limestone form the Tabular Hills. In the dales, where the rivers have cut through the younger rocks, there are also exposures of older shales, ironstone and sandstone. Rosedale is an example of this. During the Quaternary period , the last 2 million years, the area has experienced a sequence of glaciations . The most recent glaciation,
4392-420: The settlements took the form of isolated farms and hamlets rather than villages. Very few had an open field system of agriculture so Enclosure Acts were rarer than in other parts of England. The 17th century saw a major acceleration in the reclaiming of marginal waste land and in the eighteenth century forward looking landlords attempted to improve their lands using drainage schemes and fertilisation measures. In
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#17327723903944464-509: The site. The new mast is a guyed lattice type with total structure height of 294.6 metres (967 ft). The top mounted UHF DTV antenna giving a total height of 306.2 metres (1,005 ft). The replacement mast was completed in February 2023. Transmission equipment for the new mast was switched on in the early hours of Monday 22 May 2023, thereby fully restoring Standard Definition TV signals. HDTV signals, Radio and mobile services are still on
4536-685: The southern boundary of the North York Moors area. The Esk Valley Line is an east-west branch line rail link from Whitby to Middlesbrough in the north, and the North Yorkshire Moors steam railway runs from Pickering to Grosmont with a link to Whitby. Other public transport within the North York Moors includes a number of bus services. Yorkshire Coastliner route 840 runs from Whitby to Pickering (and continues to York and Leeds), Arriva North East routes X93 and X94 run from Scarborough to Middlesbrough via Whitby and Guisborough, Arriva North East route 95 runs from Whitby to Lealholm along
4608-400: The structure was found to be irreparably damaged. Sections of the mast have been retained for investigation purposes. Following the destruction of the first mast, Arqiva constructed a temporary mast in a nearby former quarry site. The mast is 80 metres (260 ft) high and commenced operation on 13 October 2021. A new mast of similar height and capability to the old one has been built on
4680-414: The temporary mast, thus not reaching as far. Coverage extends throughout Teesside and the surrounding regions, encompassing north North Yorkshire and southern County Durham . This included Harrogate and York to the south, Filey and Whitby to the east, Middlesbrough , Stockton , Darlington , Bishop Auckland , Hartlepool , Peterlee , some areas of Seaham and some areas of Sunderland to
4752-419: The viability of hill farming has become questionable. A number of environmental schemes to improve farm incomes have been devised but the industry continues to decline. Agricultural use of the moors is shared with grouse shooting as a means of gaining financial return from the vast expanse of heather. There is richer farmland across the southern limestone belt, where there are arable and mixed farms as well as
4824-435: The waste and what remained of the forest and in the process gave the moors the distinctive landscape that still remains. Between 1536 and 1541, Henry VIII of England dissolved the monasteries, and confiscated and sold off their property. This was bought by individual people, some rich, but also some who had been tenants of the monasteries, and became privately owned land. In many areas of the moors and their associated dales
4896-404: The water in summer are also a rich source of food for birds. Grey wagtails , swallows and spotted flycatchers are commonly seen. Dippers and kingfishers are also typical. The otter , after a period of decline, is starting to recolonise the rivers and streams. Farndale is famous for its wild daffodils in spring. Sheltered woodlands dominated by sessile oaks can be found to the south of
4968-457: The western end of Eskdale, the valley divides into three smaller dales, Westerdale (the upper valley of the River Esk), Baysdale and Commondale . A series of side dales drain into Eskdale from the moorland on its southern side, from west to east Danby Dale, Little Fryup Dale , Great Fryup Dale , Glaisdale and the Goathland valley. Kildale , west of Commondale and separated only by
5040-415: Was confirmed by Ofcom that the television frequency assignment after digital switchover would be such that a wideband or group K aerial would be required for reception of all six multiplexes . However, the three public service multiplexes would still fall within the station's original analogue frequency range assignment of aerial group A. The digital switchover started at Bilsdale on 12 September 2012 and
5112-485: Was mined in Rosedale. A railway was built around the top of the dale to serve the mines, and kilns were built to process the ore. In two decades the population of the valley rose from 558 to nearly 3000. Poor-quality coal was mined in many places on the moors from the 18th century to the early 20th century. The North York Moors is the only source for British jet . It has been mined in the area from prehistoric times but
5184-399: Was one of the last transmitters in England to complete this operation on 26 September 2012, the others being Pontop Pike and Chatton in the same region. On 13 November 2019, due to the 700 MHz Clearance Programme, the following multiplexes moved frequencies: On 12 March, BBC A and BBC B swap UHF Channel allocations, with BBC A on UHF 27 and BBC B on UHF 21. On 25 June 2020, COM 8
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