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22-653: Janequin was born in Châtellerault , near Poitiers , though no documents survive which establish any details of his early life or training. His career was highly unusual for his time, in that he never had a regular position with a cathedral or an aristocratic court. Instead he held a series of minor positions, often with important patronage. In 1505 he was employed as a clerk in Bordeaux , to Lancelot du Fau , who eventually became Bishop of Luçon ; he retained this position until du Fau's death in 1523, at which time he took

44-1289: A 1529 collection by Pierre Attaignant . —, Le caquet des femmes. Rouart, Paris 1925 —, Les cris de Paris, Florilège du concert vocal de la Renaissance. (3) 1928 —, Quinze chansons du XVIe siècle. 1926 —, Un psaumes à quatre voix. Dans "Cauchie Maurice, "Mélanges de musicologie offerts à M. Lionel de La Laurencie ", Droz, Paris 1933 —, chansons (Attaingnant 1528). in "Maîtres musiciens de la Renaissance française" (VII) 1898 —, 31 chansons d'Attaingnant. in "Maîtres musiciens de la Renaissance française" ( V), Paris 1897 [5 chansons] —, La Fleur des musiciens de P. de Ronsard. Paris 1923 [trois chansons; édité précédemment par Jean Tiersot dans "Sammelbände der Internationalen Musikgesellschaft (IV) 1902 / 1903, p. 119-128] —, L'alouette (avec les 5 voix de Claude Le Jeune). Leduc, Paris 1900 —, Répertoire populaire de la musique de Renaissance. Senart, Paris 1914 [ Hélas mon dieu] —, Messe La Bataille. Salabert, Paris 1947 —, Florilège du concert vocal de la Renaissance. (1) 1928 (4 chansons) —, Anthologie de la chansons parisienne au XVIe. Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre ; Monaco 1952 [5 chansons] Ch%C3%A2tellerault Châtellerault ( pronounced [ʃatɛlʁo] ; Poitevin-Saintongeais : Châteulrô/Chateleràud ; Occitan : Chastelairaud )

66-521: A position with the Bishop of Bordeaux . Around this time he became a priest, though his appointments were rarely lucrative; indeed he always complained about money. After 1530 Janequin held a succession of posts in Anjou , beginning as a singing teacher to the choirboys at the cathedral at Auch , and progressing to maître de chapelle at the singing school at Angers Cathedral . Around this time he attracted

88-710: Is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in France . It is located in the northeast of the former province Poitou , and the residents are called Châtelleraudais . Châtellerault lies on the river Vienne , a few km downstream from its confluence with the Clain in Cenon-sur-Vienne . Châtellerault was an important stronghold on the northern march of Poitou, established by

110-612: Is famous were long, sectional pieces, and usually cleverly imitated natural or man-made sounds. Le chant des oiseaux imitates bird-calls; La chasse the sounds of a hunt; and La bataille ( Escoutez tous gentilz ), probably the most famous, and almost certainly written to celebrate the French victory over the Swiss Confederates at the Battle of Marignano in 1515, imitates battle noises, including trumpet calls, cannon fire and

132-558: The Count of Poitiers to secure his borders in the early 10th century. The count's local representative, the Vicomte de Châtellerault was established as a hereditary appointment by the time of Airaud who was probably a kinsman of the counts of Auvergne and dukes of Aquitaine ; his heirs were vicomtes (viscounts) until the mid-11th century. The daughter of Aymeric I , Ænor of Châtellerault (c. 1103 – c. 1130), whose mother had been

154-516: The heir male and the heir general of Arran, respectively the Duke of Abercorn and the Duke of Hamilton . (See Chatelherault Country Park , Lanarkshire.) From medieval times, Châtellerault was known for its cutlery and swordmaking industry, and in 1816 the commune became a center for arms manufacture for the French government. The Manufacture d'armes de Châtellerault was one of France's four principal state-owned arms manufacturers, providing most of

176-425: The "mistress" in the new courtly love poetry of the troubadour lord William , sixth Count of Poitiers and ninth Duke of Aquitaine, who lodged in his tower the " Dangereuse de Châtellerault ", married his son, William X of Aquitaine , and was mother of Eleanor of Aquitaine . The title, Vicomte de Châtellerault, passed in turn to each of three great French noble families: La Rochefoucauld , Lusignan and, from

198-569: The Russian armament industry could not tool up quickly enough to produce them for the rearmament of the Imperial Russian Army . The facility has now been transformed into the central repository ( Centre des Archives de l'Armement et du Personnel ) of all the French military archives related to armament matters. Archived and declassified MAC records are open to bona fide scholars and researchers upon written request. Châtellerault

220-499: The attention of Jean de Guise , the patron of Erasmus , Clément Marot , and Rabelais ; it was a welcome career boost, and, in 1548, with the additional assistance of Charles de Ronsard (the brother of poet Pierre de Ronsard ), he became curate at Unverre , not far from Chartres . During this time he lived in Paris . By 1555 he was listed as a "singer ordinary" of the king's chapel, and shortly thereafter became "composer ordinary" to

242-496: The cries of the wounded. Onomatopoeic effects such as these became a commonplace in later 16th century music, and carried over into the Baroque era; indeed "battle music" was to become a cliché, but it first came into prominence with Janequin. In addition to the programmatic chansons for which he is most famous, he also wrote short and refined compositions more in the style of Claudin de Sermisy . For these he set texts by some of

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264-581: The first to develop this technique, one scholar has suggested that John Rastell, an English printer in London, was the first to use single-impression printing in 1520. Attaingnant's biographer Daniel Heartz, in contrast, analyzed the printer's inventory records and other documents and concluded that Attaingnant's claims of inventing the technique were likely true. Apart from his 36 collections of chansons, he also published books with pieces in lute or keyboard tablature , as well as Masses and motets . Among

286-609: The infantry small arms used by the French Army and Navy. MAC was created in 1819, and operated continually until it was closed as a weapon manufacturing facility in 1968. It saw the creation in 1886, and later the mass production, of the Lebel rifle which was the main French infantry weapon used during the First World War (1914–1918). It also was the source of the first 500,000 production Model 1891 Mosin–Nagant rifles, as

308-651: The king: only one composer ( Sandrin , also known as Pierre Regnault) had previously had this title. In his will, dated January 1558, he left a small estate to charity, and he complained again of age and poverty in a dedication to a work published posthumously in 1559. He died in Paris. Few composers of the Renaissance were more popular in their lifetimes than Janequin. His chansons were well-loved and widely sung. The Paris printer Pierre Attaingnant printed five volumes with his chansons. La bataille , which vividly depicts

330-513: The most important documents for keyboard music in general and for French Renaissance keyboard music in particular are the seven volumes published by Attaingnant in Paris in the spring of 1531: Of Attaignant's publications, 111 are known to have survived to the present day, and they form an important source of information about sixteenth-century music. One of the pieces published by Attaingnant has been used three times in 20th- and 21st-century popular music: Another melody published by Attaingnant

352-424: The notes, staff lines, and text could all be printed with one send through the printing press . The main disadvantage of this method was the alignment of the staff lines, which often had a “bumpy” look—-some being slightly higher or slightly disjointed from others. Nevertheless, this method became standard music printing across Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. Though Attaingnant is often credited with being

374-858: The printer Philippe Pigouchet who sold them to Simon Vostre book shop located in St John the evangelist street near the Sorbonne University in the Parisian student district. Later Pigouchet became Attaingnant's father-in-law when Attaingnant married his daughter. Attaingnant published over 1500 chansons by many different composers, including Paris composers Claudin de Sermisy , Pierre Sandrin and Pierre Certon , and most prominently Clément Janequin with five books of chansons by Josquin Desprez . Attaingnant acquired royal privileges for his music books, which were renewed many times. In 1537, he

396-637: The prominent poets of the time, including Clément Marot . Late in his life, he wrote the Psalm settings based on Genevan tunes. Since there is no documentary evidence, the question of whether he sympathized with the Protestants remains unanswered. French composer Jehan Alain composed, as a tribute, a set of variations for organ on a theme attributed to Janequin ( Variations sur un thème de Clément Janequin , 1937); although later scholarship has identified that particular piece as being an anonymous love song from

418-538: The sounds and activity of a battle, is a perennial favorite of a cappella singing groups even in the present day. Janequin wrote very little liturgical music: only two masses and a single motet are attributed to him, though more may have been lost. His 250 secular chansons and his (over 80) psalm settings and chansons spirituelles — the French equivalent of the Italian madrigale spirituale — were his primary legacy. The programmatic chansons for which Janequin

440-615: The thirteenth century until the French Revolution , to the family of Harcourt . However, in return for services offered to the Crowns of Scotland and France , the title of Duc de Châtellerault (1548) was presented to James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran , Chief of the Name, and regent of Scotland during the infancy of Mary, Queen of Scots , and of France . This title, though now without any benefices, remains in contention between

462-524: Was named imprimeur et libraire du Roy en musique (printer and bookseller of the King for music) for Francis I of France . Attaingnant's major contribution to music printing consists in his popularizing the single-impression method for music printing, which he first employed in his 1528 publication Chansons nouvelles en musique à quatre parties , a book of chansons . In this system, the individual notes were printed directly onto segments of staff , and so

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484-454: Was the birthplace of: Châtellerault is twinned with: Pierre Attaignant Pierre Attaingnant or Attaignant ( c.  1494 – late 1551 or 1552) was a French music publisher , active in Paris. He was one of the first to print music by single-impression printing, greatly reducing the labor involved, and he published music by more than 150 composers. Attaingnant learned the printing trade by printing first "livres d'heure" with

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