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40-569: Although later considered one of South Korea's largest companies, Lotte's origins actually traced back to post-World War II Japan. During the war, Shin Kyuk-ho, a native of Korea, went to Tokyo to study at a technical college in 1941 at the age of 19. After graduating, Shin remained in Japan, adopting the Japanese name of Takeo Shigemitsu. By 1946, Shin decided to go into business for himself, launching

80-452: A sugar alcohol , specifically an alditol . Of the common sugar alcohols, only sorbitol is more soluble in water. The name derives from Ancient Greek : ξύλον , xyl[on] 'wood', with the suffix -itol used to denote it being a sugar alcohol. Xylitol is used as a food additive and sugar substitute . Its European Union code number is E967 . Replacing sugar with xylitol in food products may promote better dental health, but evidence

120-568: A cooling fabric. When moisture, such as sweat, comes into contact with the xylitol embedded in the fabric, it produces a cooling sensation. Humans absorb xylitol more slowly than sucrose, and xylitol supplies 40% fewer calories than an equal mass of sucrose. Xylitol has about the same sweetness as sucrose , but is sweeter than similar compounds like sorbitol and mannitol . Xylitol is stable enough to be used in baking, but because xylitol and other polyols are more heat-stable, they do not caramelise as sugars do. When used in foods, they lower

160-420: A day of xylitol can cause diarrhea ", tabletop sweeteners (as well as other products containing xylitol) are required to display the warning "Excessive consumption may induce laxative effects". Xylitol has 2.4 kilocalories of food energy per gram of xylitol (10 kilojoules per gram) according to U.S. and E.U. food-labeling regulations. The real value can vary, depending on metabolic factors. Primarily,

200-417: A health supplement brand Health 1 to produce various supplements with vitamins, minerals, granules, red ginseng extracts, and other animals- and plant-based extracts. For reference, this is the same Lotte Group as Lotte Food , but they also make ice cream separately. So we were also competing with Lotte Food, even though we have the same parent company. In February 2022, the company considered merging

240-569: A new opportunity for the company. Lotte decided to move into Korea on a full scale, and in 1967, the company established a dedicated operation for South Korea, called Lotte Confectionery Co. It was not long, however, before Shin found himself in trouble with the Korean government, then still under the authoritarian regime. The South Korean government was then in the process of building up its military strength as part of its cold war with North Korea. Seeking to establish its own industrial defense capacity,

280-462: A positive effect in reducing tooth decay of xylitol-containing fluoride toothpastes when compared to fluoride-only toothpaste, but there was insufficient evidence to determine whether other xylitol-containing products can prevent tooth decay in infants, children or adults. Subsequent reviews support the belief that xylitol can suppress the growth of pathogenic Streptococcus in the mouth, thereby reducing dental caries and gingivitis , although there

320-778: A subsidiary in Jakarta. This was followed by the creation of a joint venture for the mainland Chinese market, which established production facilities in Beijing in 1994. The company acquired full control of its Chinese operations in 2005. The Philippines became part of the Lotte empire in 1995, with the launch of a sales and distribution subsidiary in Manila. One year later, the company added production and sales operations in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, as well. Continuing product development brought

360-766: A syrup may have a moderate effect in preventing AOM in healthy children. It may be an alternative to conventional therapies (such as antibiotics ) to lower risk of earache in healthy children – reducing risk of occurrence by 25%  – although there is no definitive proof that it could be used as a therapy for earache. In 2011, EFSA approved a marketing claim that foods or beverages containing xylitol or similar sugar replacers cause lower blood glucose and lower insulin responses compared to sugar-containing foods or drinks. Xylitol products are used as sucrose substitutes for weight control, as xylitol has 40% fewer calories than sucrose (2.4 kcal/g compared to 4.0 kcal/g for sucrose). The glycemic index (GI) of xylitol

400-519: A unique hexagonal box, and Pepero , a product inspired by Pocky . To extend the reach of products of both companies in China , Lotte has established a joint venture with Hershey's . Also, in 2008, Lotte also took over Guylian , a Belgium company that makes chocolate. Lotte Confectionery has been taking a lion's share of Korea's ice cream market by offering an array of a popular bar, cone, cup, pencil, and bucket ice creams. Lotte Confectionery launched

440-400: Is a common first symptom, which can be followed by tiredness and ataxia . At doses above 500 mg/kg bw, liver failure is likely and may result in coagulopathies like disseminated intravascular coagulation . Xylitol is safe for rhesus macaques , horses , and rats . A 2018 study suggests that xylitol is safe for cats in doses of up to 1000 mg/kg; however, this study

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480-464: Is a homage to the country Ghana , one of the world's largest exporters of cocoa beans from which chocolate is made. The confectionery has a creamy texture, and is a popular brand in both South Korea and Japan. Japan 's Ghana chocolate is made by Lotte in Japan and unlike Korea's Ghana chocolate, it uses cocoa butter by using the microglind method. Like Korea, the Japanese Ghana chocolate

520-433: Is concern that swallowed xylitol may cause intestinal dysbiosis . A 2022 review suggested that xylitol-containing chewing gum decreases plaque, but not xylitol-containing candy. In 2011 EFSA "concluded that there was not enough evidence to support" the claim that xylitol-sweetened gum could prevent middle-ear infections, also known as acute otitis media (AOM). A 2016 review indicated that xylitol in chewing gum or

560-530: Is extracted; raw biomass materials include hardwoods , softwoods , and agricultural waste from processing maize, wheat, or rice. The mixture is hydrolyzed with acid to give xylose . The xylose is purified by chromatography . Purified xylose is catalytically hydrogenated into xylitol using a Raney nickel catalyst. The conversion changes the sugar (xylose, an aldehyde ) into the primary alcohol , xylitol. Xylitol can also be obtained by industrial fermentation , but this methodology are not as economical as

600-606: Is lacking on whether xylitol itself prevents dental cavities . In the United States, xylitol is used as a common sugar substitute , and is considered to be safe for humans. Xylitol can be toxic to dogs . Emil Fischer , a German chemistry professor, and his assistant Rudolf Stahel isolated a new compound from beech wood chips in September 1890 and named it Xylit , the German word for xylitol. The following year,

640-507: Is not a common household sweetener. Xylitol has negligible effects on blood sugar because its assimilation and metabolism are independent of insulin . It is approved as a food additive and sugar substitute in the United States. Xylitol is often marketed as "birch sugar". Xylitol is also found as an additive to saline solution for nasal irrigation and has been reported to be effective in improving symptoms of chronic sinusitis . Xylitol can also be incorporated into fabrics to produce

680-805: Is only 7% of the GI for glucose . When ingested at high doses, xylitol and other polyols may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including flatulence , diarrhea , and irritable bowel syndrome (see Metabolism above); some people experience the adverse effects at lower doses. Xylitol has a lower laxation threshold than some sugar alcohols but is more easily tolerated than mannitol and sorbitol . Increased xylitol consumption can increase oxalate, calcium, and phosphate excretion to urine (termed oxaluria , calciuria , and phosphaturia , respectively). These are known risk factors for kidney stone disease , but despite that, xylitol has not been linked to kidney disease in humans. A 2024 study suggests that xylitol

720-493: Is prothrombotic (increases clotting) and is associated with cardiovascular risk when consumed at "typical dietary amounts". Xylitol is poisonous to dogs . Ingesting 100 milligrams of xylitol per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg bw) causes dogs to experience a dose-dependent insulin release; depending on the dose it can result in life-threatening hypoglycemia . Hypoglycemic symptoms of xylitol toxicity may arise as quickly as 30 to 60 minutes after ingestion. Vomiting

760-473: Is written as 'Ghana' in English. Ghana has four kinds of chocolate wrapped in red, black, white and beige. Xylitol Xylitol is a chemical compound with the formula C 5 H 12 O 5 , or HO(CH 2 )(CHOH) 3 (CH 2 )OH; specifically, one particular stereoisomer with that structural formula. It is a colorless or white crystalline solid. It is classified as a polyalcohol and

800-557: The 2000s, including the launch of the Xylitol Family Bottle, a beverage containing xylitol as a sweetener. In 2005, the company launched its Lotte Notime tooth-polishing chewing gum. Lotte expanded its frozen dessert operations in 2002, forming a joint venture with troubled Snow Brand Milk Products, then involved in a beef-labelling scandal. The joint venture, Lotte Snow Co., was owned at 80 percent by Lotte, and launched production of Snow-branded ice cream products. In 2005,

840-486: The French chemist M. G. Bertrand isolated xylitol syrup by processing wheat and oat straw. Sugar rationing during World War II led to an interest in sugar substitutes . Interest in xylitol and other polyols became intense, leading to their characterization and manufacturing methods. Xylitol is one of three 5-carbon sugar alcohols. The others are arabitol and ribitol . These three compounds differ in

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880-659: The Hikara Special Chemical Research Institute. This company produced soaps and cosmetics from surplus chemicals stocks left over from the war. That company, although small, provided the basis for Shin's first fortune, and within a year he had amassed enough capital to launch a new company, dedicated to the production of chewing gum. Introduced by American soldiers following the war, chewing gum quickly became popular among Japanese consumers eager to embrace all things American. In 1948, Shin founded Lotte Co., with ten employees. Shin's choice of

920-784: The Xylitol chewing gum is enjoying tremendous popularity since its launch, thanks to its ability to reduce the risk of tooth decay. Lotte Confectionery also produces the Crunky candy bar and the Chic-Choc cookie (a chocolate chip cookie ), one of the most famous brands in South Korea. Additionally, they produce other baked snacks, including the Margaret cookie. Lotte is also well known for their cookies called Koala's March , which are small cream-filled cookies shaped like koalas, packaged in

960-596: The acid hydrolysis/chromatography route described above. Fermentation is effected by bacteria, fungi, or yeast, especially Candida tropicalis . According to the US Department of Energy , xylitol production by fermentation from discarded biomass is one of the most valuable renewable chemicals for commerce, forecast to be a US $ 1.4 billion industry by 2025. Xylitol is used as a sugar substitute in such manufactured products as drugs , dietary supplements , confections , toothpaste , and chewing gum , but

1000-522: The century. Although Lotte had successfully established itself in Japan — a country where ethnicity had always been a prominent part of the national identity— Shin had not abandoned his Korean roots. Lotte had established a presence in Korea as early as 1958, opening a factory producing chewing gum and other confectionery, as well as instant noodles, for the Korean market. The normalization of diplomatic relations between Japan and Korea in 1965, however, presented

1040-401: The chocolate market. In 1964, the company launched its first milk chocolate, called Ghana , adapting Swiss-style chocolates for the Japanese palate. The company supported this launch with a massive television advertisement campaign, firmly positioning the brand in the minds of consumers. The launch paved the way for Lotte's emergence as the number one chocolate manufacturer in Japan by the end of

1080-532: The company expanded its operations in China, buying up control of Qingdao-based Jinhu Shipin. That move was seen as part of the group's strategy to become a major confectionery group on a global scale. Lotte remained controlled by Shin Kyuk-ho, joined by his children and other family members. In less than 60 years, Shin had built Lotte from a small chewing gum producer into one of the world's top confectionery groups. On October 12, 2017, Lotte Confectionery announced that

1120-562: The company had been spun-off in order to form Lotte Corporation as the holding company. As of June 2024. Many of Lotte's products are sold internationally in areas with Japanese and/or Korean immigrants and in Asian supermarkets around the world. The confectionery line-up covers a wide range of snacks including gums, candies, biscuits, and chocolates. The Juicy Fresh, Spearmint, and Freshmint chewing gums and Ghana Chocolate have served as long-time favorites for more than four decades, while

1160-460: The company new successes as well. In 1996, the company launched its Chocolate Zero, claiming to be the world's first sugarless chocolate. The following year, Lotte became the first in Japan to launch a xylitol -based chewing gum. Because xylitol, unlike other sweeteners, did not produce acid when chewed, the company was able to promote its chewing gum as a cavity-fighting product. The company's interest in developing xylitol-based products continued into

1200-499: The company's name came from his admiration for Goethe's Sorrows of Young Werther, particularly the character of Charlotte. Using natural chicle, Lotte launched a number of chewing gum brands, including Orange Gum, Lotte Gum, Cowboy Gum, Mable Gum, and the highly popular Baseball Gum. The company backed up its products with strong advertising support, becoming one of the first in Japan to sponsor television programs, as well as its own baseball team and other events, such as beauty pageants. In

1240-467: The country's defence effort, Shin agreed to transfer the centre of Lotte's operations to South Korea. Lotte Confectionery now became the core of Shin's growing empire; nonetheless, the original Lotte Co. and the Japanese market remained the company's largest confectionery operation until the 1990s. In the 1990s and 2000s, Lotte turned to the international market for further growth. The company had made its first international extension, other than in Korea, in

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1280-536: The freezing point of the mixture. No serious health risk exists in most humans for normal levels of consumption. The European Food Safety Authority has not set a limit on daily intake of xylitol. Due to the adverse laxative effect that all polyols have on the digestive system in high doses, xylitol is banned from soft drinks in the European Union . Similarly, due to a 1985 report by the E.U. Scientific Committee on Food which states that "ingesting 50 g

1320-473: The government approached Shin with a request for him to contribute to this effort, encouraging him to enter military production as well. Yet Shin, perhaps mindful of the negative publicity that a move into arms production would bring to the company's confectionery sales, refused. The refusal brought a series of difficulties for Lotte Confectionery, which finally were resolved by the direct intervention of then president Park Chung-Hee. Rather than agree to invest in

1360-474: The ice cream business of Lotte Food and Lotte Confectionery, and on March 23, the merger with Lotte Food was resolved, and on May 27, the merger was approved by the shareholders' meeting and completed on July 1, thus beginning to unify the food business. Ghana (chocolate) Ghana ( Katakana : ガーナ , Korean :  가나 ) is a brand of chocolate manufactured by the Korean company Lotte Confectionery since 1964 and South Korea since 1975. Its name

1400-718: The intestines. Of the remaining 50% that is not absorbed by the intestines, in humans, 50–75% of the xylitol remaining in the gut is fermented by gut bacteria into short-chain organic acids and gases, which may produce flatulence . The remnant unabsorbed xylitol that escapes fermentation is excreted unchanged, mostly in feces; less than 2 g of xylitol out of every 100 g ingested is excreted via urine. Xylitol ingestion also increases motilin secretion, which may be related to xylitol's ability to cause diarrhea. The less-digestible but fermentable nature of xylitol also contributes to constipation relieving effects. A 2015 Cochrane review of ten studies between 1991 and 2014 suggested

1440-663: The late 1970s. In 1978, Lotte set up a subsidiary in the United States, opening production facilities in Battle Creek, Michigan. The group's U.S. presence later expanded to include a sales office in Chicago, supporting sales of the group's chewing gums and cookies. In the 1990s, Lotte turned to markets closer to home. The company established a subsidiary in Thailand in 1989, where it began producing and distributing candy and confectionery. In 1993, Lotte entered Indonesia, launching

1480-402: The liver metabolizes absorbed xylitol. The main metabolic route in humans occurs in cytoplasm , via nonspecific NAD -dependent dehydrogenase (polyol dehydrogenase), which transforms xylitol to D -xylulose . Specific xylulokinase phosphorylates it to D -xylulose-5-phosphate . This then goes to pentose phosphate pathway for further processing. About 50% of eaten xylitol is absorbed via

1520-403: The mid-1950s, the company sponsored the country's Antarctic Research Expedition Team, developing a chewing gum for the effort's training program. The company then launched the gum, known as Cool Mint Gum, for the consumer market, in 1956. The gum featured a penguin on the package, which became one of the country's most prominent consumer logos into the next century. Another Lotte sponsoring effort

1560-471: The stereochemistry of the three secondary alcohol groups. Xylitol occurs naturally in small amounts in plums, strawberries, cauliflower, and pumpkin; humans and many other animals make trace amounts during metabolism of carbohydrates . Unlike most sugar alcohols, xylitol is achiral . Most other isomers of pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol are chiral, but xylitol has a plane of symmetry. Industrial production starts with lignocellulosic biomass from which xylan

1600-473: Was the Lotte Music Album show on television, a popular music-oriented program that ran through the late 1970s. Shin expanded his production interest to include candies, cookies, and snack cakes, and by the early 1960s, the company had established itself as a rival to Japan's two largest confectionery groups, Meiji and Morinaga. The company's true breakthrough came during the 1960s, with its entry into

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