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35-592: The distillery is also the largest supplier of American private and distributor label rum. Cruzan Rum also makes a pure cane distillate alcohol (in 189- proof ), which can be found for sale in the medicine sections of many grocery stores in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Cruzan is one of two rum distilleries which, due to their place in American history, are part of the American Whiskey Trail . Cruzan rum

70-461: A 1938 publication by T.L. Ainsley of South Shields entitled "Sea Transport of Petroleum" (Capt. P. Jansen). The test methodology defines the apparatus required to carry out the measurement, key test parameters, the procedure for the operator or automated apparatus to follow, and the precision of the test method. Standard test methods are written and controlled by a number of national and international committees and organizations. The three main bodies are

105-611: A basic "burn-or-no-burn" test, in which an alcohol-containing liquid that would ignite was said to be "above proof", and one which would not was said to be "under proof". A liquid just alcoholic enough to maintain combustion was defined as 100 proof and was the basis for taxation. Because the flash point of alcohol is highly dependent on temperature, 100 proof defined this way ranges from 20% at 36 °C (97 °F) to 96% at 13 °C (55 °F) alcohol by weight (ABW) ; at 24 °C (75 °F) 100 proof would be 50% AB W . Another early method for testing liquor's alcohol content

140-568: A better approximation to the temperature at which the vapour pressure reaches the lower flammable limit . In addition to the Penskey-Martens flash point testers, other non-equilibrial testers include TAG and Abel, both of which are capable of cooling the sample below ambient for low flash point materials. The TAG flash point tester adheres to ASTM D56 and has no stirrer, while the Abel flash point testers adheres to IP 170 and ISO 13736 and has

175-433: A flammable or combustible vapor is necessary to sustain combustion in air, the lower flammable limit , and that concentration is specific to each flammable or combustible liquid. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which there will be enough flammable vapor to support combustion when an ignition source is applied. There are two basic types of flash point measurement: open cup and closed cup . In open cup devices,

210-669: A liquid are specified in many standards. For example, testing by the Pensky-Martens closed cup method is detailed in ASTM D93, IP34, ISO 2719, DIN 51758, JIS K2265 and AFNOR M07-019. Determination of flash point by the Small Scale closed cup method is detailed in ASTM D3828 and D3278, EN ISO 3679 and 3680, and IP 523 and 524. CEN/TR 15138 Guide to Flash Point Testing and ISO TR 29662 Guidance for Flash Point Testing cover

245-413: A material is the "lowest liquid temperature at which, under certain standardized conditions, a liquid gives off vapours in a quantity such as to be capable of forming an ignitable vapour/air mixture". The flash point is sometimes confused with the autoignition temperature , the temperature that causes spontaneous ignition . The fire point is the lowest temperature at which the vapors keep burning after

280-408: A specific vapor pressure , which is a function of that liquid's temperature and is subject to Boyle–Mariotte law . As temperature increases, vapor pressure increases. As vapor pressure increases, the concentration of vapor of a flammable or combustible liquid in the air increases. Hence, temperature determines the concentration of vapor of the flammable liquid in the air. A certain concentration of

315-417: A stirring motor so the sample is stirred during testing. The flash point is an empirical measurement rather than a fundamental physical parameter. The measured value will vary with equipment and test protocol variations, including temperature ramp rate (in automated testers), time allowed for the sample to equilibrate, sample volume and whether the sample is stirred. Methods for determining the flash point of

350-431: Is a descriptive characteristic that is used to distinguish between flammable fuels, such as petrol (also known as gasoline ), and combustible fuels, such as diesel . It is also used to characterize the fire hazards of fuels. Fuels which have a flash point less than 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) are called flammable, whereas fuels having a flash point above that temperature are called combustible. All liquids have

385-597: Is defined as twice the percentage of ABV. The definition of proof in terms of ABV varies from country to country. The measurement of alcohol content and the statement of content on bottles of alcoholic beverages is regulated by law in many countries. In 1972, Canada phased out the use of "proof"; in 1973, the European Union followed suit; and the United Kingdom, where the concept originated, started using ABV instead in 1980. The United States Code mandates

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420-477: Is legally mandated to be specified as an ABV percentage. For bottled spirits over 100 ml (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz) containing no solids, actual alcohol content is allowed to vary by up to 0.15% of the ABV stated on the label. By contrast, bottled spirits which are less than 100 ml (as well as those which otherwise contain solids) may vary by up to 0.25%. Proof (the term degrees proof

455-493: Is made similar to a traditional Cuban style that produces an exceptionally clean, and lighter bodied rum. Although Cruzan rums generally have had mixed success at international spirit ratings competitions, the single-barrel has performed extremely well. Cruzan's most notable showing was from 2009 raters at the Beverage Testing Institute who gave it a 96 (out of 100). Proof66 rates the single-barrel amongst

490-465: Is named after blackstrap molasses solely for marketing purposes. Cruzan Light Aged Rum is aged in oak for at least one year and then carbon filtered for clarity. Branded as Cruzan Tropical Rums, white rum blended with flavorings. Available in raspberry , coconut , mango , vanilla , pineapple , banana , black cherry , citrus , guava , key lime , passion fruit , orange , peach , blueberry / lemonade and strawberry . A watermelon variety

525-557: Is not used), defined as being twice the percentage of alcohol by volume, may be optionally stated in conjunction with the ABV. For example, whisky may be labeled as 50% ABV and as 100 proof; 86-proof whisky contains 43% ABV. The most typical bottling proof for spirits in the United States is 80 US proof, and there is special legal recognition of 100-proof spirits in the bottled in bond category defined since 1897. The Code of Federal Regulations requires that liquor labels state

560-494: Is now mostly linguistic and historical. Today, liquor is sold in most locations with labels that state its percentage alcohol by volume. The European Union (EU) follows recommendations of the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML). OIML's International Recommendation No. 22 (1973) provides standards for measuring alcohol strength by volume and by mass . A preference for one method over

595-461: Is very close to the fraction 4 ⁄ 7 ≈ 0.5714 . This led to the approximation that 100-proof spirit has an ABV of 4 ⁄ 7 . From this, it follows that to convert the ABV expressed as a percentage to degrees proof, it is only necessary to multiply the ABV by 7 ⁄ 4 . Thus pure 100% alcohol will have 100×( 7 ⁄ 4 ) = 175 proof, and a spirit containing 40% ABV will have 40×( 7 ⁄ 4 ) = 70 proof. The proof system in

630-518: The Top 20 rums in the world. The Cruzan Rum Distillery (formerly known as Estate Diamond) has been in operation for more than 250 years. Tours of the distillery and its historic grounds including original sugar mill run 6 days a week in Frederiksted . Cruzan Single Barrel : a blend of rums aged 5-12 years then rebarreled in new oak barrels for additional aging. The winner of double gold medals and

665-464: The United States was established around 1848 and was based on percent alcohol rather than specific gravity. Fifty percent alcohol by volume was defined as 100 proof. Note that this is different from 50% volume fraction (expressed as a percentage); the latter does not take into account change in volume on mixing, whereas the former does. To make 50% ABV from pure alcohol, one would take 50 parts of alcohol and dilute to 100 parts of solution with water, all

700-438: The fuel must have a high autoignition temperature . Diesel fuel flash points vary between 52 and 96 °C (126 and 205 °F). Diesel is suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine . Air is compressed until it heats above the autoignition temperature of the fuel, which is then injected as a high-pressure spray, keeping the fuel-air mix within flammable limits. A diesel-fueled engine has no ignition source (such as

735-445: The grain size of gunpowder and the time it sat in the spirit impact the dissolution of potassium nitrate and therefore what would be defined as 100 proof. However, the gunpowder method is significantly less variable than the burn-or-no-burn method, and 100 proof defined by it is traditionally defined as 57.15% ABV. By the end of the 17th century, England had introduced tests based on specific gravity for defining proof. However, it

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770-445: The ignition source is removed. It is higher than the flash point, because at the flash point vapor may not be produced fast enough to sustain combustion. Neither flash point nor fire point depends directly on the ignition source temperature, but ignition source temperature is far higher than either the flash or fire point, and can increase the temperature of fuel above the usual ambient temperature to facilitate ignition. The flash point

805-411: The key aspects of flash point testing. Gasoline (petrol) is a fuel used in a spark-ignition engine . The fuel is mixed with air within its flammable limits and heated by compression and subject to Boyle's Law above its flash point, then ignited by the spark plug . To ignite, the fuel must have a low flash point, but in order to avoid preignition caused by residual heat in a hot combustion chamber,

840-493: The other is not stated in the document, but if alcohol strength by volume is used, it must be expressed as a percentage of total volume, and the water/alcohol mixture must have a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) when measurement is done. The document does not address alcohol proof or the labeling of bottles. On 1 January 1980, Britain adopted the ABV system of measurement prescribed by the European Union, of which it

875-531: The percentage of ABV. The regulation permits, but does not require, a statement of the proof, provided that it is printed close to the ABV number. In practice, proof levels continue to be stated on nearly all spirits labels in the United States, and are more commonly used than ABV when describing spirits in journalism and informal settings. Beverages were labelled by alcohol proof in Canada until 1972, then replaced by ABV. Flash point The flash point of

910-513: The sample is contained in an open cup which is heated and, at intervals, a flame brought over the surface. The measured flash point will actually vary with the height of the flame above the liquid surface and, at sufficient height, the measured flash point temperature will coincide with the fire point . The best-known example is the Cleveland open cup (COC). There are two types of closed cup testers: non-equilibrial, such as Pensky-Martens, where

945-521: The spark plugs in a gasoline engine), so diesel fuel can have a high flash point, but must have a low autoignition temperature. Jet fuel flash points also vary with the composition of the fuel. Both Jet A and Jet A-1 have flash points between 38 and 66 °C (100 and 151 °F), close to that of off-the-shelf kerosene. Yet both Jet B and JP-4 have flash points between −23 and −1 °C (−9 and 30 °F). Flash points of substances are measured according to standard test methods described and defined in

980-426: The title "World's Best Rum" at the 2000, and 2010 San Francisco World Spirits Competition, as well as numerous other gold medals at various spirits competitions. Cruzan Black Strap : a heavier bodied version of Cruzan light rum with the addition of blackstrap molasses from tropical sugar cane . According to Gary Nelthropp, Master Distiller for Cruzan, there is no blackstrap molasses in the flavoring component. It

1015-521: The use of ABV, but permits proof to be used also. The degree symbol (°) is sometimes used to indicate alcohol proof, either alone (e.g. 10°) or after a space and joined to the letter P as a unit name (e.g. 13 °P). The term proof dates back to 16th century England, when spirits were taxed at different rates depending on their alcohol content. Similar terminology and methodology spread to other nations as spirit distillation , and taxation , became common. In England, spirits were originally tested with

1050-467: The vapours above the liquid are not in temperature equilibrium with the liquid, and equilibrial, such as Small Scale (commonly known as Setaflash), where the vapours are deemed to be in temperature equilibrium with the liquid. In both these types, the cups are sealed with a lid through which the ignition source can be introduced. Closed cup testers normally give lower values for the flash point than open cup (typically 5–10 °C or 9–18 °F lower) and are

1085-418: The while mixing the solution. To make 50% alcohol by volume fraction, one would take 50 parts alcohol and 50 parts water, measured separately, and then mix them together. The resulting volume will not be 100 parts but between 96 and 97 parts, since the smaller water molecules can take up some of the space between the larger alcohol molecules (see volume change ). The use of proof as a measure of alcohol content

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1120-544: Was introduced in 2019. Alcohol proof Alcohol proof (usually termed simply "proof" in relation to a beverage) is a measure of the content of ethanol (alcohol) in an alcoholic beverage . The term was originally used in England and from 1816 was equal to about 1.75 times the percentage of alcohol by volume (ABV). The United Kingdom today uses ABV instead of proof. In the United States , alcohol proof

1155-591: Was not until 1816 that a legal standard based on specific density was defined in England. 100 proof was defined as a spirit with 12 ⁄ 13 the specific gravity of pure water at the same temperature. From the 19th century until 1 January 1980, the UK officially measured alcohol content by proof spirit, defined as spirit with a gravity of 12 ⁄ 13 that of water, or 923 kg/m (1,556 lb/cu yd), and equivalent to 57.15% ABV. The value 57.15%

1190-417: Was the "gunpowder method". Gunpowder was soaked in a spirit, and if the gunpowder could still burn, the spirit was rated above proof. This test relies on the fact that potassium nitrate (a chemical in gunpowder) is significantly more soluble in water than in alcohol. While less influenced by temperature than the simpler burn-or-no-burn test, gunpowder tests also lacked true reproducibility. Factors including

1225-569: Was then a member. The OIML recommendation for ABV used by the EU states the alcohol by volume in a mixture containing alcohol as a percentage of the total volume of the mixture at a temperature of 293.15 K [20.00 °C; 68.00 °F]. It replaced the Sikes hydrometer method of measuring the proof of spirits, which had been used in Britain for over 160 years. In the United States, alcohol content

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