An open-air museum is a museum that exhibits collections of buildings and artifacts outdoors. It is also frequently known as a museum of buildings or a folk museum .
33-411: Craggaunowen is an archaeological open-air museum in eastern County Clare , Ireland. It is named for the 16th-century castle which is one of its main components. Craggaunowen is located 10 km east of Quin village. The name Craggaunowen derives from its Irish name Creagán Eoghain (Owen's little rocky hill). The site is operated by Shannon Heritage. The open-air museum, sometimes described as
66-548: A "Living Past Experience", was started by John Hunt on the site around the castle. It containis reconstructions of ancient Irish architecture including a dolmen , a crannog and the currach boat used in Tim Severin 's recreation of "The Voyage of St. Brendan the Abbot". It also shows reconstructions of a Ringfort , Fulachta Fia (Bronze Age cooking and industrial site) and Standing Stone (Ogham Stone). Craggaunowen Castle
99-458: A Reverend William Ashworth, who held them from a Caswell (a member of a family from County Clare just north of Limerick ). In 1906, a mansion house at the site was owned by Count James Considine (from a family based at Derk, County Limerick). Craggaunowen Castle was bought and restored by antiquarian John Hunt in the 1960s. Hunt added an extension to the ground floor, which for a while housed part of his collection of antiquities. The collection
132-634: A different time and place and perform everyday household tasks, crafts, and occupations. The goal is to demonstrate older lifestyles and pursuits to modern audiences. Household tasks might include cooking on an open hearth , churning butter , spinning wool and weaving , and farming without modern equipment. Many living museums feature traditional craftsmen at work, such as a blacksmith , pewtersmith , silversmith , weaver , tanner , armorer , cooper , potter , miller , sawyer , cabinet-maker , woodcarver , printer , doctor, and general storekeeper . The North American open-air museum, more commonly called
165-408: A height of 27 m (89 ft). The sumptuous room featured stucco by C.E. Brenno and a plafond by Hendrick Krock . In front of the main building was placed an octagonal courtyard encircled by the single- storey servants' wings, called Red Wing. It is the only red building at Fredensborg Palace, and it has open half-timbers under a red tile roof. East of the octagon were the riding ring and
198-604: A living-history museum, had a different, slightly later origin than the European, and the visitor experience is different. The first was Henry Ford 's Greenfield Village in Dearborn, Michigan (1928), where Ford intended his collection to be "a pocket edition of America". Colonial Williamsburg (opened in 1934), though, had a greater influence on museum development in North America. It influenced such projects through
231-544: A small pleasure palace on the site of a farmyard named Østrup. Krieger built the French-inspired baroque palace 1720–1726, and the King himself took an active part in the planning of the building and grounds, and followed construction closely. The man responsible for the actual construction was General Building Master Johan Conrad Ernst , who was also responsible for the construction of Frederiksberg Palace . While
264-440: A small, almost square, 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -storey-high main palace with dome and lanterns. It is positioned exactly at the centre of what is known as a "hunting star" ( Danish , jagtstjerne ), a number of straight intersecting paths in a game hunting reserve. During a hunt it was permissible to shoot freely straight down the long paths, which radiated out from the centre. The dome hall measured 15 x 15 m (49 ft), and had
297-517: Is applied to a museum that specializes in the collection and re-erection of multiple old buildings at large outdoor sites, usually in settings of recreated landscapes of the past, and often including living history . Such institutions may, therefore, be described as building museums. European open-air museums tended to be sited originally in regions where wooden architecture prevailed, as wooden structures may be translocated without substantial loss of authenticity. Common to all open-air museums, including
330-584: Is open all year round. The area of the gardens closest to the palace is reserved for the royal family, but is usually open to the public in July. Here are the kitchen gardens, which supply fresh vegetables for the household, and a modern orangery , which was opened in 1995. In 2021, after extensive restorations and redesign of the gardens, the Fredensborg Palace Garden was awarded the prestigious European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage by
363-594: The union with Sweden . Most open-air museums concentrate on rural culture. However, since the opening of the first town museum, The Old Town in Aarhus , Denmark , in 1914, town culture has also become a scope of open-air museums. In many cases, new town quarters are being constructed in existing rural culture museums. Living-history museums, including living-farm museums and living museums , are open-air museums where costumed interpreters portray period life in an earlier era. The interpreters act as if they are living in
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#1732772964519396-507: The Dutch Baroque style and Rococo. The palace was extended throughout the early 18th century; however, the main structure of the palace has remained unchanged since its inauguration on 11 October 1722, the King's 51st birthday. Krieger completed his work on the palace with the erection of the “new Court Chancery building” in 1731. The black-glazed tile, half-hipped roof building is now known as The Chancellery House. It butted up to
429-729: The Nordic Museum in Stockholm , to establish his own open-air museum Skansen , adjacent to the Nordic Museum. Skansen, opened to the public in 1891, was a more ambitious undertaking, including farm buildings from across Sweden , folk costumes, live animals, folk music, and demonstrations of folk crafts. The second open-air museum in the world to open its doors was also in Sweden: Kulturen in Lund in 1892 . In 1894
462-525: The Norwegian Museum of Cultural History ( Norsk Folkemuseum ) was founded in Oslo by Hans Aall , inspired by Skansen. Aall bought a large tract of land adjacent to King Oscar's royal collections, probably with a merger between them in mind. The open-air Norsk Folkemuseum was opened at Bygdøy in 1902. In 1907 the royal collections were incorporated after the death of King Oscar and the dissolution of
495-553: The 18th century. The long, straight avenues which extend from the castle in a star-shaped pattern were recreated in the 1970s to 1990s. Between these avenues lies large wooded areas with winding paths. Most of the statues in the gardens were sculptured by Johannes Wiedewelt . Of special interest is the "Valley of the Norsemen" ( Danish : Nordmandsdalen ) with approximately 70 sculptures of Norwegian and Faroese farmers and fishermen, originally carved by J.G. Grund. The garden
528-585: The Chapel of Fredensborg Palace on 3 February 1968. Until her death, the late Queen Mother, Queen Ingrid used the Chancellery House at Fredensborg as her private residence. The Chancellery House is now the summer residence of Frederik X and Queen Mary . The palace gardens are among Denmark's largest historical gardens, and are Denmark's finest example of a Baroque garden . These too were designed by Krieger, and were extended and altered during
561-632: The Norsemen". He believed that traditional peasant houses should be preserved against modernity, but failed to attract support for the idea. The first major steps towards the creation of open-air museums was taken in Swedish union ruled Norway in 1881, when the Swedish union King Oscar II transferred four historic farm buildings and the stave church from Gol to the royal manor at Bygdøy near Oslo (Christiania) for public viewing. This, in turn, in 1884 and 1885 inspired Artur Hazelius , founder of
594-551: The building was still under construction Denmark–Norway and Sweden negotiated a peace treaty, which was signed on 3 July 1720, on the site of the unfinished palace. The treaty determined the fate of Skåne , which since that time has been a part of Sweden, and ended Denmark’s eleven-year participation in the Great Northern War. To commemorate the signing of the peace accord the palace was named Fredens Borg ( lit. "Peace's Castle"). The palace complex consisted of
627-541: The continent as Mystic Seaport , Plimoth Patuxet (formerly Plimoth Plantation), and Fortress Louisbourg . The approach to interpretation tends to differentiate the North American from the European model. In Europe, the tendency is to usually focus on the buildings. In North America, many open-air museums include interpreters who dress in period costume and conduct period crafts and everyday work. The living museum is, therefore, viewed as an attempt to recreate to
660-576: The darker aspects of the American past (e.g., slavery and other forms of injustice). Even before such critiques were published, sites such as Williamsburg and others had begun to add more interpretation of difficult history. Fredensborg Palace Fredensborg Palace ( Danish : Fredensborg Slot ; pronounced [ˈfʁeˀðn̩sˌpɒˀ ˈslʌt] ) is a palace located on the eastern shore of Lake Esrum ( Danish , Esrum Sø ) in Fredensborg on
693-521: The earliest ones of the 19th century, is the teaching of the history of everyday living by people from all segments of society. The idea of the open-air museum dates to the 1790s. The first proponent of the idea was the Swiss thinker Charles de Bonstetten , and was based on a visit to an exhibit of sculptures of Norwegian peasants in native costumes in the park of Fredensborg Palace in Denmark ,"Valley of
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#1732772964519726-508: The fullest extent conditions of a culture , natural environment , or historical period . The objective is immersion, using exhibits so that visitors can experience the specific culture, environment or historical period using the physical senses. Performance and historiographic practices at American living museums have been critiqued in the past several years by scholars in anthropology and theater for creating false senses of authenticity and accuracy, and for neglecting to bear witness to some of
759-506: The future Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Kings George V of the United Kingdom , Haakon VII of Norway , Constantine I of Greece , and Queen Maud of Norway , would play games in the park . Queen Margrethe uses Fredensborg as a spring and autumn residence, and it is the usual venue for her birthday celebrations every April. The Queen's younger sister, Princess Benedikte, married HH Prince Richard of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg at
792-476: The hands of his descendants, the castle and grounds were acquired by the " Irish Land Commission ". Much of the poor quality land was given over to forestry and the castle itself was allowed to fall into disrepair. By the time of the First Ordnance Survey in the 1840s, the castle was in ruins again. In the mid-19th century, the castle, herder's house and 96 acres were reported in the possession of
825-481: The international cultural heritage association, Europa Nostra Award . The jury noted that the Garden was an "exemplary redesign (...) and the combination of public and private funding for a public garden is a positive example for other similar heritage gardens". Two of the forests in the surrounding area, Gribskov and Store Dyrehave , were developed in the 1680s under King Christian V for par force hunting with
858-561: The island of Zealand ( Sjælland ) in Denmark . It is the Danish royal family ’s spring and autumn residence, and is often the site of important state visits and events in the royal family. It is the most used of the royal family’s residences. At the end of the Great Northern War King Frederick IV asked architect Johan Cornelius Krieger , royal gardener to the court at Rosenborg Castle , to build him
891-476: The ladies-in-waiting. In 1753 Nicolai Eigtved extended the palace by adding four symmetrically positioned corner pavilions with copper pyramid-shaped roofs to the main building. In the 19th century, King Christian IX and Queen Louise (who counted Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom, King George I of Greece and Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia amongst their children) used Fredensborg to host annual family reunions. There, their grandchildren, including
924-404: The long stables building. Further to the east and adjacent to the main palace was an Orangery and the one-storey building called Margrave House. The Orangery, which was equipped with huge glasshouse windows, was connected to the main building by a small secret passage, so that the royal family and the courtiers could walk to the chapel without getting their feet wet. The palace chapel stood in
957-518: The middle of the two buildings, and has an exaggerated copper spire, a pilaster -decorated façade facing the riding ring, and a heavily carved gable featuring a bust of Frederik IV in relief carved by Didrick Gercken . On the other side of the church was the Courtiers Wing (" Kavalerfløj "), residences for the court's clerks and members of the royal household . This section of the palace was built from 1724 to 1726, and introduces elements of
990-464: The riding-ring on the southern edge. A major alteration of Krieger's original building was made in 1741–1744 when Lauritz de Thurah , the King's favorite architect, elevated the roof of the palace's main building. The slanted roof was replaced by a flat one, and a characteristically de Thurah sandstone balustrade was erected. In 1751 he also transformed the Orangery into a residential building for
1023-496: The road, were inherited in 1821 by "Honest" Tom Steele, a confederate of Daniel O’Connell , "The Liberator". Steele had the castle rebuilt as a summer house in the 1820s and he used it, and the turret on the hill opposite, as places of recreation. His initials can be seen on one of the quoin-stones to the right outside. Following his death in 1848 the lands were divided, Cullane going to one branch of his family, Craggaunowen to his niece Maria Studdert. Eventually, having passed through
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1056-479: Was built around 1550 by John MacSioda MacNamara, a descendant of Sioda MacNamara, who built Knappogue Castle in 1467. It was left in ruins in the 17th century, and rendered uninhabitable by the removal of the roof and staircase, and indefensible by removal of the battlements, at the time of the Cromwellian confiscations around 1653. The Tower House remained a ruin until it and the estate of Cullane House across
1089-632: Was later moved to the University of Limerick and as of 2022 is held at the Hunt Museum in the city of Limerick. [REDACTED] Media related to Craggaunowen at Wikimedia Commons Open-air museum Open air is "the unconfined atmosphere ... outside buildings". In the loosest sense, an open-air museum is any institution that includes one or more buildings in its collections, including farm museums, historic house museums , and archaeological open-air museums . Mostly, "open-air museum"
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