A French creole , or French-based creole language , is a creole for which French is the lexifier . Most often this lexifier is not modern French but rather a 17th- or 18th-century koiné of French from Paris, the French Atlantic harbors, and the nascent French colonies. This article also contains information on French pidgin languages, contact languages that lack native speakers.
11-447: These contact languages are not to be confused with creolized varieties of French outside of Europe that date to colonial times, such as Acadian , Louisiana , New England or Quebec French . There are over 15.5 million speakers of some form of French-based creole languages. Haitian Creole is the most spoken creole languages in the world, with over 12 million speakers. Throughout the 17th century, French Creoles became established as
22-476: A conservative dialect of Acadian French spoken in the St. Marys Bay, Nova Scotia region, is notable for maintaining use of the passé simple in spoken conversation. In most modern dialects of French, the tense is only used in formal writing and formal speech. Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy French Saint-Barthélemy French or St. Barts patois ( French : patois Saint-Barth ) is the dialect of French spoken on
33-442: A distinct variety of Acadian French spoken around Clare, Tusket, Nova Scotia and also Moncton, New Brunswick. not to be confused with affrication typical of Quebec French. Metathesis is quite common. For example, mercredi ('Wednesday') is mercordi , and pauvreté ('poverty') is pauveurté . Je (the pronoun 'I') is frequently pronounced euj and Le is frequently pronounced eul . In words, "re"
44-485: A unique ethnicity originating from the mix of French, Indian, and African cultures. These French Creoles held a distinct ethno-cultural identity, a shared antique language, Creole French , and their civilization owed its existence to the overseas expansion of the French Empire. In the eighteenth century, Creole French was the first and native language of many different peoples including those of European origin in
55-506: Is often pronounced "er". For instance : Yves Cormier's Dictionnaire du français acadien (ComiersAcad) includes the majority of Acadian regionalisms. From a syntactic point of view, a major feature is the use of je for the first-person singular and plural; the same phenomenon takes place with i for the third persons. Acadian still differentiates the vous form from the tu form. The following words and expressions are most commonly restricted to Acadian French south of
66-624: The West Indies . French-based creole languages today are spoken natively by millions of people worldwide, primarily in the Americas and on archipelagos throughout the Indian Ocean. Acadian French Acadian French ( French : français acadien, acadjonne ) is a variety of French spoken by Acadians , mostly in the region of Acadia , Canada. Acadian French has seven regional accents, including Chiac and Brayon . Since there
77-713: The French-controlled Caribbean island of Saint-Barthélemy and by a small emigrant community on Saint Thomas in the US Virgin Islands . The dialect co-exists on St. Barts alongside Antillean Creole and Standard French . Despite this linguistic diversity on so small an island, fluency across the varieties of French is generally uncommon. Presently the language is spoken by 500–700 people (mostly old people). A small population of St. Barth’s fishermen settled in St. Thomas (over 200 km away) in
88-788: The Miramichi River, but some are also used north of the Miramichi River and in Quebec French (also known as Québécois) or Joual for the Montreal version of Quebec French. The Miramichi line is an isogloss separating South Acadian (archaic or "true" Acadian) from the Canadian French dialects to the north, North Acadian, Brayon (Madawaskan) and Quebec French (Laurentian French). South Acadian typically has morphosyntactic features such as [je [V [-on] … ]] (as in je parlons "we speak") that distinguishes it from dialects to
99-757: The South West of France. Speakers of Metropolitan French and even of other Canadian varieties of French sometimes have difficulty understanding Acadian French. Within North America, its closest relative is Louisiana French spoken in Southern Louisiana since both were born out of the same population that were affected during the Expulsion of the Acadians . See also Chiac , a variety with strong English influence, and St. Marys Bay French ,
110-677: The north or elsewhere in the Americas such as Cajun French , Saint-Barthélemy French or Métis French that have [nouzot [on- [V …]]] (as in nous-autres on parle ). Geddes (1908), the oldest authority on any variety of French spoken in Northern Acadia, records of the morphosyntactic characteristics of "true" Acadian spoken in the South and adjacent islands to the West. Some examples of "true" Acadian French are: St. Marys Bay French ,
121-514: Was relatively little linguistic contact with France from the late 18th century to the 20th century, Acadian French retained features that died out during the French standardization efforts of the 19th century such as these: According to Wiesmath (2006), some characteristics of Acadian are: These features typically occur in the speech of older people. Many aspects of Acadian French (vocabulary and "trill r", etc.) are still common in rural areas in
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