Crimebuster ( Chuck Chandler ) is a fictional boy hero, appearing as the lead feature in Boy Comics in the 1940s and 1950s. Dressed in a hockey uniform and cape, and accompanied by a performing monkey named Squeeks, he fights crime to avenge his parents' deaths. He is described by Joe Brancetelli in The World Encyclopedia of Comics as "a hero, yes, but first a boy... arguably the best-handled boy's adventure feature ever to appear in comics." Some sources credit the character solely to Charles Biro ; others co-credit Bob Wood , co-credited on the first cover of the new Boy Comics title.
33-605: [REDACTED] Look up crimebuster in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Crimebuster or crime busters or variation , may refer to: Comics [ edit ] Crimebuster (Boy Comics) , alter-ego of Chuck Chandler, fictional boy hero of the 1940s-1950s Crimebuster (Marvel Comics) Crimebusters (DC Comics) , a short-lived team appearing in Watchmen Films [ edit ] The Crimebusters ,
66-663: A 1961 crime film Crimebusters (film) , a 1976 crime film Crime Busters , a 1977 action-comedy film Crimebuster: A Son's Search for His Father (2012 film) award-winning documentary film by Lou Dematteis Television [ edit ] Crime Buster (television series) , 1968 UK television series " Crimebusters " (1989 TV episode), season 4 number 12 episode 62 of Perfect Strangers " Crimebusters " (1992 TV episode), season 5 number 2 episode 56 of ChuckleVision " Crimebusters " (2009 TV episode), season 19 number 13 episode 434 of Law & Order , Other uses [ edit ] "CRIME BUSTER", cover art for
99-402: A 2008 Singaporean Chinese drama Crimebusters + Crossed Wires: Stories from This American Life , a compilation album Buster (disambiguation) Crime (disambiguation) Law enforcement Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Crimebuster . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
132-584: A painting by Mel Ramos of a boy costumed as Crimebuster, with the letter on his chest changed to a lowercase "e". Hermaphrodite A hermaphrodite ( / h ər ˈ m æ f r ə ˌ d aɪ t / ) is a sexually reproducing organism that produces both male and female gametes . Animal species in which individuals are either male or female are gonochoric , which is the opposite of hermaphroditic. The individuals of many taxonomic groups of animals , primarily invertebrates, are hermaphrodites, capable of producing viable gametes of both sexes . In
165-413: A penis. A female spotted hyena's apparent penis is in fact an enlarged clitoris, which contains an external birth canal. It can be difficult to determine the sex of spotted hyenas until sexual maturity , when they may become pregnant. When a female spotted hyena gives birth, she passes the cub through the cervix internally, but then passes it out through the elongated clitoris. The term hermaphrodite
198-472: A sequential hermaphrodite is also stipulated to only change sex once. ) This contrasts with simultaneous hermaphrodites, in which an individual possesses fully functional male and female genitalia. Sequential hermaphroditism is common in fish (particularly teleost fish) and many gastropods (such as the common slipper shell ). Sequential hermaphroditism can best be understood in terms of behavioral ecology and evolutionary life history theory , as described in
231-810: Is both male and female. And an hermaphrodite (which is also called Androgynus ) shall be heire, either as male or female, according to that kind of sexe which doth prevaile." During the Victorian era , medical authors attempted to ascertain whether or not humans could be hermaphrodites, adopting a precise biological definition to the term. From that period until the early 21st century, individuals with ovotesticular syndrome were termed true hermaphrodites if their gonadal tissue contained both testicular and ovarian tissue, and pseudohermaphrodites if their external appearance ( phenotype ) differed from sex expected from internal gonads. This language has fallen out of favor due to misconceptions and stigma associated with
264-434: Is common in bryophytes and some vascular plants. Historically, the term hermaphrodite was used in law to refer to people whose sex was in doubt. The 12th-century Decretum Gratiani states that "Whether an hermaphrodite may witness a testament, depends on which sex prevails" ("Hermafroditus an ad testamentum adhiberi possit, qualitas sexus incalescentis ostendit."). Alexander ab Alexandro (1461–1523) stated, using
297-422: Is not to be confused with ovotesticular syndrome in mammals, which is a separate and unrelated phenomenon. While people with the condition were previously called " true hermaphrodites" in medical literature, this usage is now considered to be outdated as of 2006 and misleading, as people with ovotesticular syndrome do not have functional sets of both male and female organs. The term hermaphrodite derives from
330-649: Is similar to that of plants, suggesting that similar pressures are operating to direct the evolution of selfing in animals and plants. A rough estimate of the number of hermaphroditic animal species is 65,000, about 5% of all animal species, or 33% excluding insects. Insects are almost exclusively gonochoric, and no definitive cases of hermaphroditism have been demonstrated in this group. There are no known hermaphroditic species among mammals or birds . About 94% of flowering plant species are either hermaphroditic (all flowers produce both male and female gametes) or monoecious , where both male and female flowers occur on
363-544: Is used in botany to describe, for example, a perfect flower that has both staminate (male, pollen-producing) and carpellate (female, ovule-producing) parts. The overwhelming majority of flowering plant species are hermaphroditic. Flowering plant species with separate, imperfect, male and female flowers on the same individual are called monoecious . Monoecy only occurs in about 7% of flowering plant species. Monoecious plants are often referred to as hermaphroditic because they produce both male and female gametes. However,
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#1732797678803396-818: The Evil Empire (1996) album cover Crimebusters, fictional characters from Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures Crimebusters FC , a soccer team from Eugu, Nigeria; from the Nigeria Nationwide League The American series of The Three Investigators#Crimebusters (1989–1990) See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "crimebuster" or "crime-buster" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles containing crime busters All pages with titles containing crime buster All pages with titles containing crimebusters All pages with titles containing crimebuster Crime Busters x 2 ,
429-547: The Comics Code Authority – with its restrictions on the use of the word "crime" – was established. He continued as "Chuck Chandler" until Boy Comics ceased publication, with issue #119 (March 1956). The character was revived briefly in 1990 by AC Comics , a publisher focusing on Golden Age superheroes, in their series Femforce . The cover of Rage Against the Machine 's album Evil Empire features
462-514: The Latin : hermaphroditus , from Ancient Greek : ἑρμαφρόδιτος , romanized : hermaphroditos , which derives from Hermaphroditus (Ἑρμαφρόδιτος), the son of Hermes and Aphrodite in Greek mythology . According to Ovid , he fused with the nymph Salmacis resulting in one individual possessing physical traits of male and female sexes. According to the earlier Diodorus Siculus , he
495-581: The sexual differentiation stage; however, this is now known to be incorrect, as humans are simply undifferentiated before this stage and possess a paramesonephric duct , a mesonephric duct , and a genital tubercle . The evolution of anisogamy may have contributed to the evolution of simultaneous hermaphroditism and sequential hermaphroditism, it remains unclear if the evolution of anisogamy first led to hermaphroditism or gonochorism . A 2023 study argued that hermaphroditism can evolve directly from mating types under certain circumstances, such as if
528-574: The adults take several years to change from female to male, the broodstock are extremely valuable individuals. Simultaneous hermaphrodites (or homogamous hermaphrodites) are individuals in which both male and female sexual organs are present and functional at the same time. Self-fertilization often occurs. When spotted hyenas were first scientifically observed by explorers, they were thought to be hermaphrodites. Early observations of wild spotted hyenas led researchers to believe that all spotted hyenas, male or female, were born with what looked to be
561-545: The contemporary hockey uniform he is wearing at the time this adventure begins (which conveniently features the school's initial "C" on the chest), and takes on the name "Crimebuster". He pursues Iron Jaw until issue #15, in which the character is killed, but continues his crusade. (Iron Jaw returns later in the series.) Chuck also tangles with a hermaphroditic serial killer named the He-She in issue #9. Although his initial adventures focused on his "crimebusting" agenda, as
594-439: The fertilization is well organized and the average size of groups is small. Simultaneous hermaphroditism that exclusively reproduces through self-fertilization has evolved many times in plants and animals, but it might not last long evolutionarily. Joan Roughgarden and Priya Iyer argued that the last common ancestor for animals was hermaphroditic and that transitions from hermaphroditism to gonochorism were more numerous than
627-488: The first issue of the periodical following a revamp, after two issues as Captain Battle Jr. ). In that issue the character's father, a heroic war correspondent, is killed by a Nazi criminal called Iron Jaw (due to his metallic prosthetic lower face). Iron Jaw has also abducted Chuck's mother, so the boy travels to France to rescue her, but during their escape she is killed by Germans. Chuck adds his military school's cape to
660-423: The great majority of tunicates , mollusks , and earthworms , hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which either partner can act as the female or male. Hermaphroditism is also found in some fish species , but is rare in other vertebrate groups. Most hermaphroditic species exhibit some degree of self-fertilization. The distribution of self-fertilization rates among animals
693-431: The growth of ovarian tissues ). Thus, testicular and ovarian tissues will both be present in the same individual. Of all total recorded cases of ovotesticular DSD, in only 8% percent of all cases was SRY present, leaving the rest of cases that could be explained to other or less common causes, with the vast majority simply being currently unexplainable. Fetuses were previously thought to be phenotypically female before
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#1732797678803726-553: The individual flowers are not hermaphroditic if they only produce gametes of one sex. 65% of gymnosperm species are dioecious, but conifers are almost all monoecious. Some plants can change their sex throughout their lifetime, a phenomenon called sequential hermaphroditism . In andromonoecious species, the plants produce perfect (hermaphrodite) flowers and separate fertile male flowers that are sterile as female. Andromonoecy occurs in about 4000 species of flowering plants (2% of flowering plants). In gynomonoecious species,
759-494: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crimebuster&oldid=1071635644 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Crimebuster (Boy Comics) Crimebuster was introduced in Boy Comics #3 (April 1942,
792-519: The plants produce hermaphrodite flowers and separate male-sterile pistillate flowers. One example is the meadow saxifrage, Saxifraga granulata . Charles Darwin gave several other examples in his 1877 book "The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species". About 57% of moss species and 68% of liverworts are unisexual , meaning that their gametophytes produce either male or female gametes, but not both. Sequential hermaphroditism
825-474: The result of an atypical set of sex chromosomes. One common cause of variations in sex characteristics traits is the crossing over of the testis-determining factor (SRY) from the Y chromosome to the X chromosome during meiosis . The SRY is then activated in only certain areas, causing development of testes in some areas by beginning a series of events starting with the upregulation of the transcription factor (SOX9), and in other areas not being active (causing
858-487: The reverse. Other scientists have criticized this argument; saying it’s based on paraphyletic Spiralia , assignments of sexual modes for the phylum level than the species level, and methods exclusively based on maximum parsimony . Hermaphroditism is polyphyletic in invertebrates where it evolved from gonochorism and gonochorism is also ancestral to hermaphroditic fishes. According to Nelson Çabej simultaneous hermaphroditism in animals most likely evolved due to
891-442: The same plant. There are also mixed breeding systems , in both plants and animals, where hermaphrodite individuals coexist with males (called androdioecy ) or with females (called gynodioecy ), or all three exist in the same species (called trioecy ). Sometimes, both male and hermaphrodite flowers occur on the same plant ( andromonoecy ) or both female and hermaphrodite flowers occur on the same plant ( gynomonoecy ). Hermaphrodism
924-568: The size-advantage mode first proposed by Michael T. Ghiselin which states that if an individual of a certain sex could significantly increase its reproductive success after reaching a certain size, it would be to their advantage to switch to that sex. Sequential hermaphrodites can be divided into three broad categories: Dichogamy can have both conservation-related implications for humans, as mentioned above, as well as economic implications. For instance, groupers are favoured fish for eating in many Asian countries and are often aquacultured . Since
957-401: The superhero genre became less popular, stories focused more on the character's school life. With the war over, the school changed from Custer Military Academy to Curtis High School. He stopped wearing the costume, explained in-story by a girl suggesting that it looked silly. He dropped the "Crimebuster" name altogether after issue #111 (May 1955) (his friends continued to call him "C.B.") when
990-648: The term hermaphrodite, that the people who bore the sexes of both man and woman were regarded by the Athenians and the Romans as monsters, and thrown into the sea at Athens and into the Tiber at Rome. Similarly, the 17th-century English jurist and judge Edward Coke (Lord Coke), wrote in his Institutes of the Lawes of England on laws of succession stating, "Every heire is either a male, a female, or an hermaphrodite, that
1023-505: The terminology " disorders of sex development " (also known as variations in sex characteristics .) This is particularly significant because of the relationship between medical terminology and medical intervention. Intersex civil society organizations , and many human rights institutions, have criticized medical interventions designed to make bodies more typically male or female. In some cases, variations in sex characteristics are caused by unusual levels of sex hormones, which may be
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1056-399: The terms, and also a shift to nomenclature based on genetics. The term "intersex" described a wide variety of combinations of what are ambiguous biological characteristics. Intersex biology may include, for example, ambiguous-looking external genitalia, karyotypes that include mixed XX and XY chromosome pairs (46XX/46XY, 46XX/47XXY or 45X/XY mosaic ). Clinically, medicine currently uses
1089-513: Was born with a physical body combining male and female sexes. The word hermaphrodite entered the English lexicon as early as the late fourteenth century. Sequential hermaphrodites ( dichogamy ) occur in species in which the individual first develops as one sex, but can later change into the opposite sex. (Definitions differ on whether sequential hermaphroditism encompasses serial hermaphroditism; for authors who exclude serial hermaphroditism,
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