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21-568: The Cyclops Camera was developed by Terry Walker, Harry Garland , and Roger Melen , and introduced as a hobbyist construction project in the February 1975 issue of Popular Electronics magazine. One month earlier the MITS Altair 8800 microcomputer had been introduced in this same magazine. Les Solomon, technical editor of Popular Electronics, saw the value of interfacing the Cyclops to

42-722: A fellow member of the Homebrew Computer Club , on the software design. The Dazzler appeared on the front cover of the February 1976 issue of Popular Electronics , and Garland and Melen offered a kit of parts for sale. To support their sales of the Cyclops and the Dazzler, Garland and Melen rented a 200 sq. ft. office in Los Altos, California and formed Cromemco , a company named after the Stanford dormitory where they had both lived as graduate students. Dr. Garland

63-758: A partnership with Harry Garland to produce the Cyclops Camera, and other products for the Altair computer. They named their new venture " Cromemco " after the Stanford University dormitory (Crothers Memorial Hall) where they both had lived as graduate students. In January 1976 MITS introduced the Cromemco Cyclops Camera as the first peripheral for the Altair Computer. The Cyclops Camera used an innovative image sensor that

84-448: A wider audience. Over a period of six years, in collaboration with Stanford colleague Roger Melen , he wrote a series of articles for Popular Electronics magazine describing original designs that could be built by the electronic hobbyist. During this period, Garland and Melen also published two books: Understanding IC Operational Amplifiers and Understanding CMOS Integrated Circuits . The MITS Altair computer , which launched

105-531: Is a scientist, engineer, author, and entrepreneur who co-founded Cromemco Inc. , one of the earliest and most successful microcomputer companies. He received the B.A. degree in mathematics from Kalamazoo College , and the Ph.D. degree in biophysics from Stanford University . Dr. Garland has been recognized as one of the most important innovators in the development of personal computers in Silicon Valley . He

126-400: Is the son of Harry G. Garland , the founder of Garland Manufacturing. Garland began his graduate work at Stanford University in 1968. Garland's research at Stanford focused on the function of the human brain in controlling voluntary movement. He developed techniques in electromyography for monitoring muscle activity during voluntary movement and worked to delineate the role of the brain and

147-553: The Optacon project and developed the concept for the next generation Optacon reading aid for the blind. In 1974, he was appointed Assistant Chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University; he taught graduate courses in electrical engineering and published a textbook in the new field of microprocessor system design. While at Stanford University, Dr. Garland also worked to bring electronics technology to

168-537: The Altair, and put Roger Melen (co-developer of the Cyclops) in contact with Ed Roberts (president of MITS ) to discuss a collaboration. Roger Melen met with Ed Roberts at MITS headquarters in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Roberts encouraged Melen to interface the Cyclops to the Altair, promising to ship Melen an early Altair computer so that he and his colleagues could begin work on this project. Roger Melen formed

189-433: The Cyclops would then be sensitive to even the smallest amount of incident light from an image, even in low-light situations. Today solid-state digital cameras are ubiquitous. A high-resolution digital camera sensor today (2019) may contain 40 million sensor elements (40 megapixels) which is 40,000 times more than the 0.001 megapixel sensor of the Cyclops. Harry Garland Harry T. Garland (born 1947)

210-849: The Financial News Network, The Personal Computer Show, The Screen Savers, and in the PBS documentary Triumph of the Nerds . He has received the Sesquicentennial Award from Kalamazoo College and the Distinguished Alumni Award. He is the author of three books: Understanding IC Operational Amplifiers , Understanding CMOS Integrated Circuits , and Introduction to Microprocessor System Design . He has been awarded 20 U.S. Patents. Roger Melen Too Many Requests If you report this error to

231-547: The Kalamazoo College Board of Trustees from 1987 to 2005, and on the board of Industry Initiatives for Science and Math Education (IISME) from 1996 to 2010 including a term as president of that board. In 2002 Dr. Garland co-founded Garland Actuarial LLC with his wife, Roberta J. Garland, and serves as chairman of the firm. Dr. Garland's contributions to the computer industry have been recognized in numerous books and on television, including appearances on

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252-546: The camera (which they called the “Cyclops” ), to the MITS Altair computer. MITS introduced the Cyclops Camera as a peripheral for the Altair Computer in January 1976. Their next project for Popular Electronics was to develop an interface between the Altair computer and a color television set. They called it the “Dazzler” . Garland and Melen again collaborated with Terry Walker on the hardware design and with Ed Hall,

273-416: The darkest areas of the picture) would not change at all. So with a series of scans the Cyclops could produce a digital, gray-scale representation of the image. The Cyclops also had two bias lights that could be used to increase its sensitivity in low-light environments. These lights could be adjusted either manually or under computer control to shine a uniform, low level of light on the sensor. Once adjusted,

294-550: The first microcomputer systems widely distributed in China. By 1980 Cromemco occupied 200,000 sq. ft. of manufacturing and office space in Mountain View, California, and In 1981 Inc. Magazine ranked Cromemco in the top 10 fastest growing privately held companies in the U.S. Garland achieved this growth without accepting any external equity financing. The success of Cromemco products in television broadcast applications

315-443: The light, the more quickly a cell would change from 1 to 0. The Cyclops used a 25mm f2.8 D-mount lens to focus an image on the sensor array. The memory array was scanned once to store all 1’s in the memory elements. This was quickly followed by a series of 15 read-out scans. The cells that had the most incident light (i.e. the brightest parts of the picture) changed from 1 to 0 the soonest. Cells with little or no incident light (i.e.

336-495: The microcomputer industry, was introduced in January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics magazine. That same issue carried an article by Garland and Melen on solid-state image sensors. The following month they, together with their Stanford colleague Terry Walker, published the design of the world's first completely digital solid-state camera in Popular Electronics , and began work on developing an interface to connect

357-501: The role of local reflexes in the control of muscles. This led to a deeper understanding of brain function during voluntary movement, and insight into the mode of action of L-DOPA in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Garland received the doctoral degree from Stanford in 1972. He was invited by John G. Linvill to join the research staff of the Stanford Electronics Laboratories where he worked on

378-402: Was actually a modified MOS computer memory chip. The opaque cover on the chip was removed and replaced with a glass lid. The theory of operation was described in the original Popular Electronics article. Initially the 1024 memory locations, which were arranged in a 32 × 32 array, were filled with all 1s. Light shining on these memory cells would cause their contents to change to 0s. The stronger

399-547: Was based on a successor product to the original Dazzler, called the "Super Dazzler" interface (SDI). ColorGraphics Weather Systems , a customer of Cromemco, developed software for the SDI specifically for television weather graphics and digital art creation. Dynatech Corporation , the parent company of ColorGraphics Weather Systems, sought to acquire Cromemco to provide the computer and graphics systems for their broadcast division, and purchased Cromemco in 1987. In 1990 Dr. Garland

420-433: Was invited by Dr. Hajime Mitarai, president of Canon Inc. , to help establish a new R&D center for Canon in Silicon Valley . Dr. Garland served as Vice President of this new center, Canon Research Center America, from 1990 to 2001. At Canon he developed technology for medical digital radiography equipment, and worked on standards to integrate this equipment with hospital and radiology information systems. He served on

441-497: Was president of Cromemco from its incorporation in 1976 until its sale in 1987. From the original Cyclops and Dazzler products the company developed a full line of microcomputer systems that were rated as the most reliable in the industry. Cromemco systems became the systems of choice for broadcast television graphics, were widely deployed as Mission Planning Systems by the United States Air Force, and were

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