Cuttle is a two player card game played with a standard deck of 52 playing cards and is the earliest example of a combat card game. The game's earliest confirmed appearance took place in the 1970s, though the exact date of its creation is unknown.
70-412: The objective of cuttle is to have 21 or more points in-play under one's control at any time. Points are acquired by playing any card which is not a face card to obtain the number of points represented by that card (with aces being worth one point, twos being worth two points, etc.) In order to reach 21 points before their opponent each player must attempt to use their turn most effectively. These are
140-511: A by-product. Indicators of meaningfulness predict positive effects on life, while lack of meaning predicts negative states such as psychological distress. Emmons summarizes the four categories of meaning which have appeared throughout various studies. He proposes to call them WIST, or work, intimacy, spirituality, and transcendence. Furthermore, those who value extrinstic goals higher than intrinsic goals tend to have lower subjective well-being and higher levels of anxiety. The self-concordance model
210-433: A criterion; in the goal-setting theory of Locke and Latham, it is recommended to choose goals within the 90th percentile of difficulty, based on the average prior performance of those that have performed the task. Goals can be long-term, intermediate, or short-term. The primary difference is the time required to achieve them. Short-term goals are expect to be finished in a relatively short period of time, long-term goals in
280-439: A deal and then consists of the two players taking alternating turns. At the beginning of the game a dealer is chosen randomly. The dealer deals five cards to their opponent and six to themself. These cards form the initial hands of both players. The remaining cards are placed face down between the players and become the draw pile. Turns alternate between each of the players beginning with the player who did not deal. On their turn
350-509: A double-elimination bracket and the survivor advances to the best-of-three super regionals. The format recurs in both the Men's and Women's College World Series (MCWS and WCWS), where the field of 8 teams is divided into two double-elimination brackets and the survivor of each bracket advances to the best-of-three championship series. While the two brackets remain completely separate in the MCWS, there
420-457: A double-elimination format for its second rounds of the tournament in 2009 and 2013 , as well as in its first round in 2009. The 2020 Olympic baseball event also used a modified double elimination bracket, combined with a preliminary group stage. Double-elimination brackets are also popular in amateur wrestling of all levels, whereas in professional wrestling, World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) were
490-449: A goal make it possible to determine what motivates people to achieve a goal, and, along with other personal characteristics, may predict goal achievement. Individuals can set personal goals : a student may set a goal of a high mark in an exam; an athlete might run five miles a day; a traveler might try to reach a destination city within three hours; an individual might try to reach financial goals such as saving for retirement or saving for
560-706: A goal, then achieving a goal, and then the factors that connect goal achievement to changes in subjective well-being. Goals that are pursued to fulfill intrinsic values or to support an individual's self-concept are called self-concordant goals. Self-concordant goals fulfill basic needs and align with what psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott called an individual's "True Self". Because these goals have personal meaning to an individual and reflect an individual's self-identity, self-concordant goals are more likely to receive sustained effort over time. In contrast, goals that do not reflect an individual's internal drive and are pursued due to external factors (e.g. social pressures) emerge from
630-427: A long period of time, and intermediate in a medium period of time. Before an individual can set out to achieve a goal, they must first decide on what their desired end-state will be. Peter Gollwitzer 's mindset theory of action phases proposes that there are two phases in which an individual must go through if they wish to achieve a goal. For the first phase, the individual will mentally select their goal by specifying
700-552: A lower value than the card being used to scuttle. The card being used to scuttle is also discarded. In the event that two cards have the same point value the ability to scuttle another card is determined alphabetically by the name of the suit: Clubs (lowest) < Diamonds < Hearts < Spades (highest). For example, the Nine of Hearts can scuttle the Nine of Clubs, and the Ten of Spades can scuttle any point card. A game of Cuttle begins with
770-409: A non-integrated region of a person, and are therefore more likely to be abandoned when obstacles occur. Those who attain self-concordant goals reap greater well-being benefits from their attainment. Attainment-to-well-being effects are mediated by need satisfaction, i.e., daily activity-based experiences of autonomy , competence, and relatedness that accumulate during the period of striving. The model
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#1732782797358840-447: A personal goal also affects that achievement. Long-term achievements rely on short-term achievements. Emotional control over the small moments of the single day can make a big difference in the long term. There has been a lot of research conducted looking at the link between achieving desired goals, changes to self-efficacy and integrity and ultimately changes to subjective well-being . Goal efficacy refers to how likely an individual
910-445: A player in the winners' bracket may have a long wait between matches, while losers' bracket players have to play multiple games in a comparatively short timeframe. (Whether either situation will be an advantage for a particular player will vary individually.) The NCAA Division I baseball and softball tournaments make heavy use of the double-elimination format. In both tournaments' regional stages, four teams contest each regional in
980-471: A player may choose to do one of the following: After performing their desired action the players turn is over and their opponent's turn begins. As soon as one player's score reaches 21 or more the game is over, with the player who has matched or exceeded 21 points being declared the winner. This can happen on either player's turn. There are many variations on Cuttle. Several variants are listed below. Online play at cuttle.cards uses several minor changes to
1050-818: A purchase. Managing goals can give returns in all areas of personal life . Knowing precisely what one wants to achieve makes clear what to concentrate and improve on, and often can help one subconsciously prioritize on that goal. However, successful goal adjustment (goal disengagement and goal re-engagement capacities) is also a part of leading a healthy life. Goal setting and planning ("goal work") promotes long-term vision , intermediate mission and short-term motivation . It focuses intention, desire , acquisition of knowledge, and helps to organize resources. Efficient goal work includes recognizing and resolving all guilt , inner conflict or limiting belief that might cause one to sabotage one's efforts. By setting clearly-defined goals, one can subsequently measure and take pride in
1120-404: A scheduling hardship for venues where only one facility for play is available. However, the number of matches is still lower than what is required by a Swiss-system tournament or round-robin tournament . If the championship final has two matches scheduled (as typical of a double-elimination tournament), should the winners' bracket winner defeat the losers' bracket winner, the tournament ends. It
1190-494: A team has one loss, or no losses, that team would be eliminated with a loss in either the U.S. or international championship game. The two respective champions then play a single elimination game for the World Series championship. Many esports competitions, such as The International use a variation on the double-elimination format where, after the initial group stage, the first round of the L bracket begins pre-seeded with
1260-563: Is a crossover feature in the WCWS, by which the loser of the second-round game in each bracket moves to the opposite bracket to play an elimination game. This format means that any two of the participating teams can advance to the championship series, which the current MCWS format does not allow. The Little League World Series switched from round-robin to double-elimination formats for each of its pools starting in 2010 in an effort to eliminate meaningless games. The World Baseball Classic used
1330-445: Is a model that looks at the sequence of steps that occur from the commencement of a goal to attaining that goal. It looks at the likelihood and impact of goal achievement based on the type of goal and meaning of the goal to the individual. Different types of goals impact both goal achievement and the sense of subjective well-being brought about by achieving the goal. The model breaks down factors that promote, first, striving to achieve
1400-482: Is a record of the Cuttle tournaments that have taken place throughout the game's history. The Diamonds 2024 season of competitive Cuttle ran from 2024/04/03 - 2024/07/03. The Diamonds 2024 Season Championship tournament was a Double-elimination tournament with 8 competitors who placed as follows: The Clubs 2024 season of competitive Cuttle ran from 2024/01/03 - 2024/04/03. The Clubs 2024 Season Championship tournament
1470-402: Is a type of elimination tournament competition in which a participant ceases to be eligible to win the tournament 's championship upon having lost two games or matches. It stands in contrast to a single-elimination tournament , in which only one defeat results in elimination. One method of arranging a double-elimination tournament is to break the competitors into two sets of brackets ,
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#17327827973581540-594: Is also used largely in Esport competitions such as Counter-Strike , League of Legends , Dota 2 , Street Fighter V , Rocket League and numerous others. Four-team or four-player groups using double elimination are called "GSL-style groups" in reference to the Global StarCraft II League in Korea, which historically has used such a group format. The FIRST Robotics Competition began using
1610-621: Is also used), Hardcourt Bike Polo are all known to sometimes use double-elimination formats. It is also used in table football tournaments. In contract bridge , the English Bridge Union Spring Foursomes, first contested in 1962, uses a double-elimination format. It is also used, in modified form, in the All-Ireland Senior Gaelic Football Championship and All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship . It
1680-586: Is an object , either a physical object or an abstract object , that has intrinsic value . Goal-setting theory was formulated based on empirical research and has been called one of the most important theories in organizational psychology. Edwin A. Locke and Gary P. Latham, the fathers of goal-setting theory, provided a comprehensive review of the core findings of the theory in 2002. In summary, Locke and Latham found that specific, difficult goals lead to higher performance than either easy goals or instructions to "do your best", as long as feedback about progress
1750-416: Is no major stage of the L bracket final played, and there is no game between the winners of the W and L brackets. Another aspect of the system used in judo is that losers of the first round (of the W bracket) only advance to the L bracket if the player they lost to wins their match of the second round. If a player loses to a second round loser, they are eliminated from the tournament. Another variant, called
1820-399: Is one or two less than twice the number of teams participating (e.g. 8 teams would see 14 or 15 games). If the standard double-elimination bracket arrangement is being used, then each round of the L bracket is conducted in two stages: a minor stage followed by a major stage. Both contain the same number of matches (assuming there are no byes) which is the same again as the number of matches in
1890-450: Is provided, the person is committed to the goal, and the person has the ability and knowledge to perform the task. According to Locke and Latham, goals affect performance in the following ways: Some coaches recommend establishing specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bounded ( SMART ) objectives, but not all researchers agree that these SMART criteria are necessary. The SMART framework does not include goal difficulty as
1960-488: Is shown to provide a satisfactory fit to 3 longitudinal data sets and to be independent of the effects of self-efficacy , implementation intentions, avoidance framing, and life skills . Furthermore, self-determination theory and research surrounding this theory shows that if an individual effectively achieves a goal, but that goal is not self-endorsed or self-concordant, well-being levels do not change despite goal attainment. In organizations , goal management consists of
2030-435: Is therefore unknown, until this match has been concluded, whether the second scheduled match will in fact be required. This can also be seen as a disadvantage of the system, particularly if broadcasting and ticket sales companies have an interest in the tournament. Another disadvantage of the double-elimination format is the fact that some games are played by competitors that have completed an unequal number of matches so far in
2100-725: Is to succeed in achieving their goal. Goal integrity refers to how consistent one's goals are with core aspects of the self. Research has shown that a focus on goal efficacy is associated with happiness, a factor of well-being, and goal integrity is associated with meaning (psychology) , another factor of well-being. Multiple studies have shown the link between achieving long-term goals and changes in subjective well-being; most research shows that achieving goals that hold personal meaning to an individual increases feelings of subjective well-being. Psychologist Robert Emmons found that when humans pursue meaningful projects and activities without primarily focusing on happiness, happiness often results as
2170-413: The (third-place) challenge , is used, particularly in scholastic wrestling. The winner of the L bracket may challenge the loser of the finals in the W bracket, if and only if the two contestants had not faced each other previously; if the challenger (the winner of the L bracket) wins, they are awarded second place, and the loser of the W final is dropped to third place. This system is used particularly where
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2240-433: The winners' bracket and losers' bracket ( W and L brackets for short; also referred to as championship bracket and elimination bracket , upper bracket and lower bracket , or main bracket and repechage ) after the first round. The first-round winners proceed into the W bracket and the losers proceed into the L bracket. The W bracket is conducted in the same manner as a single-elimination tournament, except that
2310-491: The 52 weeks of the year into 4 seasons: Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, and Spades, spanning 13 weeks each (mirroring the composition of a standard deck of 52 playing cards . Play is generally structured around first-to-two-wins matches (like best 2/3, but where stalemates are ignored and play continues until one player reaches 2 wins) between two opponents. Every week, players earn points for the number of matches they win against unique opponents relative to other players, as follows: At
2380-410: The L bracket minor-final, with the winner playing the loser of the W bracket final in the L bracket major final. The final round of a double-elimination tournament is usually set up to be a possible two games, with the second referred to as the "if game". In this structure, the L bracket finalist needs to win both games of the final round to be the tournament champion, while the W bracket finalist wins
2450-456: The accomplishment of those goals. One can see progress in what might have seemed a long, perhaps difficult, grind. Achieving complex and difficult goals requires focus, long-term diligence, and effort (see Goal pursuit ). Success in any field requires forgoing excuses and justifications for poor performance or lack of adequate planning; in short, success requires emotional maturity. The measure of belief that people have in their ability to achieve
2520-496: The best possible cost . Goal management includes: Jens Rasmussen and Morten Lind distinguish three fundamental categories of goals related to technological system management. These are: Organizational goal-management aims for individual employee goals and objectives to align with the vision and strategic goals of the entire organization. Goal-management provides organizations with a mechanism to effectively communicate corporate goals and strategic objectives to each person across
2590-414: The brackets is handled by using "if necessary" matches. The flexible approach allows practical bracket designs to be made for any number of competitors including odd numbers (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, etc.). A possible alternative is a single-elimination format where each match is a best-of-5-or-more series. This format still allows a competitor to lose (perhaps multiple times) while still remaining eligible to win
2660-462: The controlling player a permanent gameplay effect until they are removed from play by another card. The following table enumerates each of the cards which may be added to the player's layout and their effects: Several of the cards in cuttle behave differently from standard one-offs or layout cards. They operate as follows: Scuttling is the act of using a card with a higher point value to force an opponent to discard one of their in-play point cards with
2730-422: The corresponding round of the W bracket. If the minor stage of an L bracket round contains N matches, it will produce N winners. Meanwhile, the N matches in the corresponding round of the W bracket will produce N losers. These 2 N competitors will then pair off in the N matches of the corresponding major stage of the L bracket. For example, in an eight-competitor double-elimination tournament,
2800-434: The criteria and deciding on which goal they will set based on their commitment to seeing it through. The second phase is the planning phase, in which the individual will decide which set of behaviors are at their disposal and will allow them to best reach their desired end-state or goal. Certain characteristics of a goal help define the goal and determine an individual's motivation to achieve that goal. The characteristics of
2870-449: The double-elimination bracket starting with the 2023 season. In judo , players that end up in the L bracket can finish in third place at best. The winner of the W bracket will win the tournament, with the losing finalist finishing second. The other losers of the W bracket will end up in the L bracket, which will only be played to the minor stage of the final, resulting in two players placed third. Thus, compared to double elimination, there
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2940-404: The draw, or in situations where seeding is not available, it is possible for two of the strongest teams to meet in the early rounds rather than a final or semifinal as would be expected in a seeded draw. Double elimination overcomes this shortfall by allowing a strong team which loses early to work their way through the L bracket and progress to the later rounds, despite meeting the strongest team in
3010-444: The early rounds of competition. Another advantage of the double-elimination format is the fact that all competitors will play at least twice and three quarters will play three games or more. In a single-elimination tournament with no byes , half of the competitors will be eliminated after their first game. This can be disappointing to those who had to travel to the tournament and were only able to play once. A disadvantage compared to
3080-560: The end of each 13-week season, the Top 8 Players earn places in that season's Championship tournament. Contestants in those tournaments earn points towards a place in the annual Cuttle World Championship as follows: At the end of the year, points are calculated from the 4 Season Championships (Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, and Spades), and the Top 8 players with the most points earn places in the Cuttle World Championship. Below
3150-488: The entire organization. The key consists of having it all emanate from a pivotal source and providing each person with a clear, consistent organizational-goal message, so that every employee understands how their efforts contribute to an enterprise's success. An example of goal types in business management : Goal displacement occurs when the original goals of an entity or organization are replaced over time by different goals. In some instances, this creates problems, because
3220-402: The fact that third and fourth places can be determined without the use of a consolation or "classification" match involving two contestants who have already been eliminated from winning the championship. Some tournaments, such as in tennis, will use " seeding " to prevent the strongest contestants from meeting until the later round. However, in tournaments where contestants are placed randomly in
3290-437: The four losers of the first round, W bracket quarter finals, pair off in the first stage of the L bracket, the L bracket minor semifinals. The two losers are eliminated, while the two winners proceed to the L bracket major semifinals. Here, those two players/teams will each compete against a loser of the W bracket semifinal in the L bracket major semifinals. The winners of the L bracket major semifinals compete against each other in
3360-458: The losers of each round "drop down" into the L bracket. Another method of double-elimination tournament management is the Draw and Process . As with single-elimination tournaments, most often the number of competitors is equal to a power of two (8, 16, 32, etc.) so that in each round there is an even number of competitors and never any byes . The number of games in a double-elimination tournament
3430-428: The lower-performing teams from said stage, rather than all teams starting in the W bracket. Additionally, the finals are a single series regardless of winner, without any chance of a bracket reset if the L bracket winner wins the series. Much of this is due to time concerns, with some esports games taking upwards of an hour per match in a series, and the schedule not allowing for the additional time costs of scheduling like
3500-580: The most charitable funds or of having the best county fair tent. In some cases, goals are displaced because the initial problem is resolved or the initial goal becomes impossible to pursue. A famous example is the March of Dimes , which began as an organization to fund the fight against polio , but once that disease was effectively brought under control by the polio vaccine , transitioned to being an organization for combating birth defects . Double-elimination tournament A double-elimination tournament
3570-411: The new goals may exceed the capacity of the mechanisms put in place to meet the original goals. New goals adopted by an organization may also increasingly become focused on internal concerns, such as establishing and enforcing structures for reducing common employee disputes. In some cases, the original goals of the organization become displaced in part by repeating behaviors that become traditional within
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#17327827973583640-487: The official Cuttle World Championship leaderboard for 2023. The format was a Double-elimination tournament with 8 competitors who placed as follows: The Spades 2023 season of competitive Cuttle ran from 2023/10/04 - 2024/01/03. The Spades 2023 Season Championship tournament was a Double-elimination tournament with 8 competitors who placed as follows: The Hearts 2023 season of competitive Cuttle ran from 2023/07/05 - 2023/10/04. The Hearts 2023 Season Championship tournament
3710-622: The only professional wrestling promotions to date to use the double-elimination format. WCW used the format for a tournament for the vacant WCW World Tag Team Championship in 1999. On the June 26, 2002, weekly Asylum PPV , TNA used a double-elimination match to determine the TNA X Championship in a four-way match featuring AJ Styles , Jerry Lynn , Low Ki , and Psicosis . Pool , surfing , windsurfing and kiteboarding freestyle competitions, as well as Curling bonspiels (where triple-elimination
3780-412: The organization. For example, a company that manufactures widgets may decide to do seek good publicity by putting on a fundraising drive for a popular charity or by having a tent at a local county fair. If the fundraising drive or county fair tent is successful, the company may choose to make this an annual tradition, and may eventually involve more and more employees and resources in the new goal of raising
3850-447: The process of recognizing or inferring goals of individual team -members, abandoning goals that are no longer relevant, identifying and resolving conflicts among goals, and prioritizing goals consistently for optimal team-collaboration and effective operations. For any successful commercial system , it means deriving profits by making the best quality of goods or the best quality of services available to end-users ( customers ) at
3920-475: The rules are the same as cuttle.cards Vanilla Cuttle, with the following changes: The largest and longest-running competitive Cuttle league is hosted online at cuttle.cards. Players compete online in 1v1 matches that qualify them for Season Championship tournaments, and the top competitors in the Season Championships earn places in the annual Cuttle World Championship. Competitive Cuttle divides
3990-542: The rules written above, in order to fine-tune the game's balance for competitive play: Cutthroat is a fast-paced 1v1v1 version of Cuttle. It is played with the same rules as the cuttle.cards Vanilla rules, with the following changes: Team Cuttle is a 2v2 game where players sit across from their partner. A team wins if either of its players earns the required number of points, but players do not share cards in their hand or on their field (points are counted separately and your Royals do not directly affect your partner). Otherwise,
4060-406: The single-elimination format is that at least twice the number of matches have to be conducted. Since each competitor has to lose twice and since the tournament ends when only one competitor remains, in a tournament for n competitors there will be either 2 n − 2 or 2 n − 1 games depending on whether or not the winner was undefeated during the tournament. This may result in
4130-483: The standard mechanics as proposed in the earliest surviving ruleset. Several variations on these mechanics exist. When playing a card for points the player removes the card from their hand and places in front of them. Once a point card has been placed on the table it is considered in-play. Point cards which are in-play should be made distinctly separate from each player's layout and be visible to their opponent. Point cards which are removed from play in any way are placed in
4200-467: The top two places advance to a higher level of competition (example: advancement from a regional tournament to a state tournament). Another is the balanced variant which is a bracket arrangement that is not strictly divided into two brackets based on number of losses. Players with different numbers of losses can play each other in any round. A goal of the variant is that no player sits idle for more than one round consecutively. The added complexity of
4270-428: The tournament by winning either game of the final round. If the final round is scheduled as only a single game, as in the 2018 NCAA Beach Volleyball Championship , the W bracket finalist will be eliminated from the tournament if they lose this match, meaning the tournament is not truly a double-elimination tournament. The double-elimination format has some advantages over the single-elimination format, most notably
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#17327827973584340-483: The tournament. For example, in a tournament with sixteen players, one needs to win four games to qualify for the final through the winners' bracket, whereas the finalist from the losers' bracket could have played anywhere between five and seven games to reach the same outcome. The differences in the number of matches for a given stage of a double-elimination tournament, especially in the later stages, could result in an uneven level of preparation or energy between competitors;
4410-432: The tournament. Of course, having multiple games in each series also requires considerably more games to be conducted. It is also susceptible to bad seeding. Another is the modified single-elimination tournament which guarantees at least two games per competitor, but not necessarily two losses for elimination. The brackets are similar to double-elimination, except the two finalists from the L bracket (each with one loss) face
4480-401: The two finalists from the W bracket (neither with a loss) in a single elimination semi-final and final. The Little League World Series began using a modified double-elimination bracket in 2011. Eight U.S. teams and eight international teams compete in respective double elimination formats until their respective championship games, which are single elimination. That is, irrespective of whether
4550-473: The universal discard pile. When playing a card as a one-off the player removes the card from their hand, alerts their opponent to the one-off ability of the card, and places it immediately into the universal discard pile. If there are no mitigating factors the effect of the card is then evaluated. The following table enumerates each of the cards which may be played as one-offs and their abilities: Each player maintains their own layout. These are cards which grant
4620-445: Was a Double-elimination tournament with 4 competitors who placed as follows: Objective (goal) A goal or objective is an idea of the future or desired result that a person or a group of people envision, plan , and commit to achieve. People endeavour to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines . A goal is roughly similar to a purpose or aim, the anticipated result which guides reaction, or an end , which
4690-577: Was a Double-elimination tournament with 8 competitors who placed as follows: The Cuttle World Championship II was held on 2023/01/04. It was a Double-elimination tournament between 12 contestants, who placed as follows: The Spades 2022 season of competitive Cuttle ran from 2022/10/19 - 2023/01/04. The Spades 2022 Season Championship tournament was a Double-elimination tournament with 8 competitors who placed as follows: The Hearts 2022 season of competitive Cuttle ran from 2022/07/20 - 2022/10/19. The Hearts 2022 Season Championship tournament
4760-427: Was a Double-elimination tournament with 8 competitors who placed as follows: The Diamonds 2022 season of competitive Cuttle ran from 2022/04/20 - 2022/07/20. The Diamonds 2022 Season Championship tournament was a Double-elimination tournament with 4 competitors who placed as follows: The Clubs 2022 season of competitive Cuttle ran from 2023/01/19 - 2023/04/20. The Clubs 2022 Season Championship tournament
4830-515: Was a Double-elimination tournament with 8 competitors who placed as follows: The 3rd Cuttle World Championship was conducted on February 10th, 2024 and it served as the culmination of the 2023 year of competitive Cuttle. Contestants earned their place in Cuttle World Championship III based on their performance across the four season championships for 2023: Clubs 2023, Diamonds 2023, Hearts 2023, and Spades 2024, as seen in
4900-422: Was a Double-elimination tournament with 8 competitors who placed as follows: The Diamonds 2023 season of competitive Cuttle ran from 2023/04/05 - 2023/07/05. The Diamonds 2023 Season Championship tournament was a Double-elimination tournament with 8 competitors who placed as follows: The Clubs 2023 season of competitive Cuttle ran from 2023/01/04 - 2023/04/05. The Clubs 2023 Season Championship tournament
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