36-698: Cuyamaca Rancho State Park is a state park in inland San Diego County, California , United States, located 40 miles (64 km) east of the metropolitan area of San Diego . The park is situated near the southernmost reaches of the Cleveland National Forest , as well as the Cuyamaca and Laguna Mountains of the Peninsular Ranges . The park's 26,000 acres (11,000 ha) of land features pine , fir , and oak forests, interspersed with meadows, creeks and streams that exist due to
72-526: A land lease from the U.S. government , while Mackinac National Park was handed down to become the first of the Michigan state parks . As with national parks, facilities at state parks are often leased to concessionaires to operate. Breaks Interstate Park is operated under an interstate compact by Virginia state parks , although it is also one of the Kentucky state parks , straddling both sides of
108-589: A few exceptions such as Anza-Borrego Desert State Park in California, and Wood-Tikchik State Park in Alaska, the largest state park in the United States . In addition to preserving natural landscapes and providing recreational opportunities, many state parks also serve as important educational resources . They often offer guided tours, interpretive programs, and exhibits that help visitors learn about
144-466: A finely serrated margin and a rounded to acute apex; they are thinly hairy below. The flowers are produced in catkins . The male catkins are pendulous, slender, 3–10 centimetres (1.2–3.9 in) long, yellowish, and produced in clusters of two to seven; pollination is in early spring, before the leaves emerge. The female catkins are ovoid, when mature in autumn 10–22 millimetres (0.39–0.87 in) long and 7–10 millimetres (0.28–0.39 in) broad, on
180-477: A girl playing with her family in the campground and fought with their dog. The 41-pound (19 kg) juvenile female cat was located and shot. 1994 saw two separate incidents in which a cougar acted aggressively toward a party of three humans; officials located and shot both animals. Then in December 56-year-old Iris Kenna was killed during an early morning solo hike by a 130-pound (59 kg) male cougar, which
216-1340: A rarity in xeric Southern California . The conifers include the white fir , incense cedar , Coulter pine , Jeffrey pine , sugar pine and ponderosa pine . The broadleaves include the white alder , Arizona ash , California sycamore , Fremont cottonwood , coast live oak , canyon live oak , Engelmann oak , California black oak , interior live oak , oracle oak , and red willow . Large shrubs, those ranging from 4–15 feet (1.2–4.6 m), include chamise , Eastwood manzanita , Cuyamaca manzanita , Mexican manzanita , cupleaf mountain lilac , whitebark mountain lilac , Palmer mountain lilac , mountain mahogany , creek dogwood , Parish goldenbush , yerba santa , Parish burning bush , toyon , California barberry , laurel sumac , hollyleaf cherry , western chokecherry , scrub oak , coffeeberry , western azalea , white sage , and elderberry . The park's smaller shrubs , ranging from 1–4 feet (0.30–1.22 m), include California buckwheat , Wright's buckwheat , chaparral honeysuckle , California rose , creeping sage , snowberry , and poison oak . Over 20 mammal species have been observed in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, including: Nearly 200 species of birds have been documented, with some of
252-699: A restaurant) for lodging at some parks. These typically use "Resort" in the name, such as "_____ Resort State Park" in West Virginia state parks and "_____ State Resort Park" in neighboring Kentucky state parks , which has 17 such resort parks, the most of any state. Other states use the Resort name inconsistently (like DeGray Lake Resort State Park , the only one out of three resorts in Arkansas state parks ), or have only one such park ( South Carolina state parks ' Hickory Knob State Resort Park ), or do not use
288-423: A small child was chased by two cougars in the park's Green Valley Campground. A game warden investigated and killed the two male cats. In September 1993 a cougar chased two horseback riders for .5 miles (0.80 km), prompting park officials to close Cuyamaca Rancho for two weeks and install gated barriers around the campgrounds and parking areas. 11 days after the park reopened, however, a different cougar nipped
324-500: Is associated with the metasediment called Julian Schist. At mines in this area, including the Stonewall, veins of gold were followed into the bedrock and the surrounding ore was excavated. Most streams in the park have small amounts of gold, since it is constantly being removed from the quartz exposures by weathering. Cuyamaca's average elevation of nearly 5,000 feet (1,500 m) enables many conifers and broadleaf trees to exist;
360-660: The Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales . The equivalent term used in Canada, Argentina, South Africa, and Belgium, is provincial park . Similar systems of local government maintained parks exist in other countries, but the terminology varies. State parks are thus similar to national parks , but under state rather than federal administration. Similarly, local government entities below state level may maintain parks, e.g., regional parks or county parks . In general, state parks are smaller than national parks, with
396-788: The Civilian Conservation Corps and Works Progress Administration . Alnus rhombifolia Alnus rhombifolia , the white alder , is an alder tree native to western North America , from British Columbia and Washington east to western Montana , southeast to the Sierra Nevada , and south through the Peninsular Ranges and Colorado Desert oases in Southern California . It occurs in riparian zone habitats at an altitudes range of 100–2,400 metres (330–7,870 ft). While not reported in northern Baja California , it has been predicted on
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#1732780479555432-676: The western wood pewee . Resident amphibians and reptiles include the canyon tree frog , Pacific tree frog , red-legged frog , western toad , common king snake , gopher snake , California mountain kingsnake , racer , striped racer , and western garter snake . Generally cougars are quite elusive, but for a ten-year span Cuyamaca Rancho State Park experienced a rash of incidents between visitors and cougars, including one human fatality. Park users are warned not to hike, run, horseback ride or bike alone. Cuyamaca Rancho's first reported cougar incident took place in June 1988. A European couple with
468-580: The Indians were expelled in 1875 from ancestral lands and taxed without representation. Currently there are about 20,000 Kumeyaay descendants in San Diego County, 10% of whom live on the 18 reservations which range from 6.3 to 122,000 acres (0.025 to 490 km). The Stonewall Mine opened in 1870 and started the boomtown of Cuyamaca City. Peak production at the mine occurred between 1886 and 1891 while employing over 200 workers. In 1889 Cuyamaca Dam
504-761: The Interpretive Assistance Unit, the Mounted Assistance Unit, the Mountain Bike Assistance Unit, and the Trails Maintenance Unit. Historically CRSPIA has passed along to park programs more than 95% of all funds received from the public. Sources of funds include profits from the operation of a gift shop and bookstore, sale of firewood, membership dues, and various fundraising events. Over the last decade, revenues have grown steadily to
540-529: The Southern California Gold Rush . Indigenous peoples in the area date back a minimum of 7000 years. Traces of their ancient and pre-contact civilizations are within the park, which is a Cuyamaca complex archeological site. Early bedrock mortars mark the sites of summer camps and villages. Even the name "Cuyamaca" is a Spanish version of the name the native Kumeyaay peoples used for this place. In water-short Southern California,
576-543: The basis of its climatic adaptation to occur there also. Alnus rhombifolia is primarily found in the chaparral and woodlands , montane , and temperate forests ecoregions . Alnus rhombifolia is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 15–25 metres (49–82 ft) (rarely to 35 metres (115 ft)) tall, with pale gray bark, smooth on young trees, becoming scaly on old trees. The leaves are alternate, rhombic to narrow elliptic, 4–10 centimetres (1.6–3.9 in) long and 2–5 centimetres (0.79–1.97 in) broad, with
612-738: The country's state parks. The NASPD further counts over 43,000 miles (69,000 km) of trail, 217,367 campsites, and 8,277 cabins and lodges across U.S. state parks. The largest state park system in the United States is Alaska State Parks , with over 100 sites encompassing 3.3 million acres. Many states include designations beyond "state park" in their state parks systems. Other designations might be state recreation areas , state beaches, and state nature reserves . Some state park systems include long-distance trails and historic sites . To encourage tourism in rural areas, several states have simple lodges, inns, hotels, or motels (usually with
648-499: The current level of approximately $ 40,000 per year. Members receive a monthly newspaper, The Stonewall Sentinel . The extensive Cedar Fire of October 2003 in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park destroyed the park's museum, CRSPIA's gift shop, and bookstore along with the entire inventory. However a temporary facility has been constructed to house operations and provides these services once again to park visitors. State park State parks are parks or other protected areas managed at
684-478: The designation at all (such as the lodges of Georgia state parks ). The term "lodge" may also refer to a hiking lodge , essentially a large cabin for hikers rather than a large facility with private rooms and a restaurant. Other lodging may include yurts and tipis . Not all parks owned by a state are necessarily part of its state-park system, such as Stone Mountain Park near Atlanta. Some Texas state parks are
720-538: The last two million years has amounted to thousands of feet of tectonic uplift . Metamorphosed sediments such as schist , gneiss , and quartzite are abundant in the Cuyamacas, particularly in the Stonewall Mine area. Most of the rocks now seen in the park are plutonic : either the granodiorite comprising Stonewall Peak , or the gabbro comprising Cuyamaca Peak. As these bedrocks weather, they become
756-493: The local flora , fauna , geology , and cultural history of the area. These programs are designed not only to enhance the visitor experience but also to promote conservation awareness and encourage responsible enjoyment of natural resources. There are 6,792 state park units in the United States, according to the National Association of State Park Directors (NASPD). There are some 813 million annual visits to
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#1732780479555792-463: The most common species being the wild turkey , acorn woodpecker , Nuttall's woodpecker , northern flicker , Steller's jay , western bluebird , white-breasted nuthatch , mountain chickadee , oak titmouse , American robin , red-tailed hawk , and red-shouldered hawk . Migrants, transients and summer residents include the ash-throated flycatcher , Baltimore oriole , black-headed grosbeak , house wren , lesser goldfinch , several warblers , and
828-675: The native Americans called the area Ah-Ha Kwe-Ah Mac , meaning "the place where it rains". Kumeyaay peoples' traditional lands range from San Diego east through the Cuyamaca and the Laguna Mountains through present-day Anza-Borrego Desert State Park to beyond the Salton Sea in the east, and south beyond present day Ensenada, Baja California , on the Baja California peninsula in Mexico . A typical band's typical range
864-465: The parent material of the coarse, acidic, red soil found throughout the area. Gabbro weathers to a darker red soil than granodiorite or other quartz-rich rock. Gold is a natural element that appears around granite formations because gold forms during cooling and solidification of igneous rock. Gold commonly occurs in association with quartz, either as pure gold or as an ore. In the Cuyamaca area, gold
900-500: The park classified as wilderness area . The Cuyamaca Rancho State Park Interpretive Association (CRSPIA) supports the mission of Cuyamaca Rancho and Palomar Mountain State Parks through education and interpretive activities that enhance the visitor's experience. CRSPIA accomplishes its goals principally through fundraising and supporting interpretive programs. Support is also provided for the parks' volunteer groups, which include
936-399: The park home, in addition to over 140 species of resident and migratory birds, sixteen species of reptile, five amphibian, three fish and over 700 species of various arthropods , butterflies, spiders and other invertebrates have been found to inhabit the park. The park was closed for several months due to massive fire damage incurred during the 2003 Cedar Fire . Although much of the forest
972-460: The relatively high elevation of the area when compared to its surroundings. The park includes the 6,512-foot (1,985 m) Cuyamaca Peak , the second-highest point in San Diego County. Park amenities include trails for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, as well as campgrounds for family, group, equestrian, and primitive trail camping; and an exhibit at a former gold mine, the Stonewall Mine. For fauna, nearly 20-25 mammalian species call
1008-474: The state line. Other multi-state parks are legally two separate parks with the same name and more informal cooperation between them. The title of oldest state park in the United States is claimed by Niagara Falls State Park in New York , established in 1885. Several public parks previously or currently maintained at the state level pre-date it. Indian Springs State Park has been operated continuously by
1044-454: The state of Georgia as a public park since 1825, although it did not gain the title "State Park" until 1931. In 1864 Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Grove were ceded by the federal government to California until Yosemite National Park was proclaimed in 1890. In 1878 Wisconsin set aside a vast swath of its northern forests as "The State Park" but, needing money, sold most of it to lumber companies within 20 years. Mackinac National Park
1080-506: The sub-national level within those nations which use "state" as a political subdivision. State parks are typically established by a state to preserve a location on account of its natural beauty, historic interest, or recreational potential. There are state parks under the administration of the government of each U.S. state , some of the Mexican states , and in Brazil . The term is also used in
1116-758: The surface of the ground. Cuyamaca Rancho State Park is located in the Peninsular Range, which extends from the San Jacinto Mountains north of the park, southward to the tip of Baja California . At the western edge of the most seismically active area in North America , the range is a great uplifted plateau , cut off from the Colorado Desert to the east by the Elsinore Fault Zone , where vertical movement over
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1152-625: Was a 20-mile (30 km) radius from their winter home. Today twelve federally recognized Kumeyaay tribes are in San Diego County. The park is located on the 1845 Rancho Cuyamaca Mexican land grant . With the discovery of gold in Julian in 1869, the Spanish, Mexican, and American governments and settlers changed the Kumeyaay's way of life forever. Disease spread through the Kumeyaay, traditional ways of life were destroyed, and promises broken as
1188-416: Was burned, the park has since been reopened. Native plants are, mostly, evolutionarily attuned to seasonal drought and fire ecology , and have since re-established in most areas; the large amount of ash, blackened wood and burnt plant matter greatly stimulates dormant seeds and undamaged saplings to sprout vigorously, as well as triggering a flush of growth from various bulbs and rhizomes lying hidden beneath
1224-482: Was completed and in 1892 Stonewall Mine was permanently sealed after large losses. In 1923 Ralph Dyar bought the Cuyamaca Rancho and built a summer home. In 1933 he sold his property to the state, thereby creating Cuyamaca Rancho State Park. Now the park is over 26,000 acres (105 km) of protected wildlife habitat, watershed, archeological sites, botanical reserve, and recreational land with roughly half of
1260-473: Was established in 1875 as the second U.S. national park before being converted to a state park in 1895. The first state park with the designation of "state park" was Itasca State Park in Minnesota , established in 1891. Many state park systems date to the 1930s, when around 800 state parks (and several national ones) across the country were developed with assistance from federal job-creation programs like
1296-680: Was located and destroyed that night. A cub acting aggressively toward a woman on horseback was reported and killed in 1996. In 1998 a pair of hikers were menaced for 15 minutes before driving the cat off with pepper spray . Two other aggressive cougar incidents were reported that year, both in the park's horse camp. Fatal cougar attacks are extraordinarily rare. In all of California since 1890 there have been 16 verified attacks on humans, only six leading to fatalities. Leading cougar attack website CougarInfo.org has not listed any incidents at Cuyamaca Rancho since 1998. Historical features in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park date from prehistoric humans through
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