Cuamba is a city and district of Niassa Province in Mozambique , lying north west of Mount Namuli . Before independence the town was known as Nova Freixo (New Ash).
37-646: It lies on the EN8 road , which connects it to the city of Nampula in the east and to the Malawian border in the west. Cuamba was created by the Niassa Company , a royal charter company in what was then known as Portuguese East Africa . The land concession of the Niassa Company extended from 1891 and 1929, and it established a military outpost initially called Kuamba in this period. The name referred to
74-540: A multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Assembly of the Republic . The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Mozambique an " authoritarian regime " in 2022. The last 25 years of Mozambique 's history have encapsulated the political developments of the entire 20th century. Portuguese colonialism collapsed in 1974 after
111-489: A decade of armed struggle, initially led by American -educated Eduardo Mondlane , who was assassinated in 1969. When independence was proclaimed in 1975, the leaders of FRELIMO 's military campaign rapidly established a one-party state allied to the Soviet bloc , eliminating political pluralism, religious educational institutions, and the role of traditional authorities. Mozambique's Portuguese population were ordered to leave
148-407: A few years of migratory slow‐down, the growth of the city resumed, as the rapid economic development of Mozambique materialized mostly in the urban areas. Nampula, in the post‐war period, developed into a major Mozambican growth centre, attracting an increasing number of public and private investments in a wide range of economic and social areas. In colonial times there was a Nampula Town Hall with
185-609: A formal complaint to the Supreme Court. One month after the voting, the court dismissed the opposition's challenge and validated the election results. The opposition did not file a complaint about the results of the legislative vote. The second local elections, involving 33 municipalities with some 2.4 million registered voters, took place in November 2003. This was the first time that FRELIMO, RENAMO-UE, and independent parties competed without significant boycotts. The 24% turnout
222-412: A small kingdom in the area, and Cuamba became the official name of the settlement in 1937. Its name was changed to Nova Freixo in 1952, a reference to the city of Freixo de Espada à Cinta , Portugal , the birthplace of Sarmento Rodrigues (1899-1979), the colonial governor-general of Mozambique. The town reverted to its original name of Cuamba in 1976, and was elevated to city status in 1971. It lies on
259-475: A very limited mandate which was dissolved in 1979. The Municipal Council of Nampula was created in 1998, alongside those of other major Mozambican cities. FRELIMO won the first local elections that year, and in the subsequent elections in 2003, 2008, and 2011. An opposition party, the Democratic Movement of Mozambique (MDM) , won the 2013 municipal elections, led by Mahamudo Amurane. Mayor Amurane
296-595: Is now fully embedded within Universidade Lurio's systems and continues to recruit new students every year. Importantly, optometry is now registered as a profession in Mozambique and is recognized through membership of the African Council of Optometry (AFCO). Of the graduates, 26 are now working in public hospitals. In addition, 10 have university teaching posts (five male and five female). Seven of
333-637: Is said to be derived to the eMakhuwa word "Whampula", which according to local legend refers to a tribal leader of the area in the past. Nampula is a relatively new city. It was founded by the Portuguese colonial army in 1907 and elevated to city status in 1956. During the Mozambican War of Independence , Nampula was a strategic military centre for the colonial army in the fight against the FRELIMO liberation movement. After independence in 1975,
370-649: Is the capital city of Nampula Province in Northern Mozambique . With a population of 743,125 (2017 census), it is the third-largest city in Mozambique after Maputo and Matola . The city is located in the interior of Nampula Province, approximately 200 kilometers from the coast and is surrounded by plains and rocky outcrops. The city is a major regional centre for the entire Northern region of Mozambique, as well as parts of Central Mozambique and border areas of Malawi and Tanzania . The city links
407-653: The Democratic Union (UD). Since its formation in 1994, the National Assembly has made progress in becoming a body increasingly more independent of the executive. By 1999, more than one-half (53%) of the legislation passed originated in the Assembly. After some delays, in 1998 the country held its first local elections to provide for local representation and some budgetary authority at the municipal level. The principal opposition party, RENAMO, boycotted
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#1732765765609444-558: The ONUMOZ peacekeeping force of the United Nations , peace returned to Mozambique. In 1994 the country held its first democratic elections. Joaquim Chissano was elected president with 53% of the vote, and a 250-member National Assembly was voted in with 129 FRELIMO deputies, 112 RENAMO deputies, and 9 representatives of three smaller parties that formed the Democratic Union (UD). The Constitution of Mozambique stipulates that
481-584: The Rome General Peace Accords . By mid-1995 the over 1.7 million Mozambican refugees who had sought asylum in neighbouring Malawi , Zimbabwe, Swaziland , Zambia , Tanzania , and South Africa as a result of war and drought had returned, as part of the largest repatriation witnessed in Sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, a further estimated 4 million internally displaced returned to their areas of origin. Under supervision of
518-557: The 90 remaining seats. Armando Guebuza was inaugurated as the President of Mozambique on 2 February 2005. The candidate of the ruling Mozambican Liberation Front's (Frelimo) Filipe Nyusi has been the President of Mozambique since January 2015 after winning the election in October 2014. In October 2019, President Filipe Nyusi was re-elected after a landslide victory in general election . Frelimo won 184 seats, Renamo got 60 seats and
555-460: The MDM party received the remaining six in the National Assembly. Opposition did not accept the results because of allegations of fraud and irregularities. Frelimo secured two-thirds majority in parliament which allowed Frelimo to re-adjust the constitution without needing the agreement of the opposition. The judiciary comprises a Supreme Court and provincial, district, and municipal courts. Mozambique
592-602: The Nacala Development Corridor, and a fast-growing city population. Nampula is home to the Mozambican National Ethnographic Museum, several markets , cathedrals , mosques , universities , training institutes and schools. The city is diverse, with the native eMakhuwa population being the largest group but with a visible Indian, European, Chinese, Lebanese, Somali, and Nigerian population. The name "Nampula"
629-544: The Portuguese abandoned Nampula and rural populations migrated to the city, squatting in unplanned areas on the city outskirts. This migratory movement dramatically increased during the Mozambican Civil War , affecting Nampula in the decade between 1982 and 1992. When the war ended the Mozambican Government expected the refugees to return to the countryside, but they remained in the city. After
666-424: The President of the Republic functions as the head of state, head of government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and as a symbol of national unity. He is directly elected for a five-year term via run-off voting; if no candidate receives more than half of the votes cast in the first round of voting, a second round of voting will be held in which only the two candidates who received the highest number of votes in
703-618: The RENAMO-Electoral Union coalition candidate, Afonso Dhlakama, and began his 5-year term in January 2000. FRELIMO increased its majority in the National Assembly with 133 out of 250 seats. RENAMO-UE coalition won 116 seats, one went independent, and no third parties are represented. The opposition coalition did not accept the National Election Commission's results of the presidential vote and filed
740-402: The Republic ( Assembleia da República ) has 250 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation . In 1994 the country held its first democratic elections . Joaquim Chissano was elected President with 53% of the vote, and a 250-member National Assembly was voted in with 129 FRELIMO deputies, 112 RENAMO deputies, and 9 representatives of three smaller parties that formed
777-883: The city. Its Cathedral of Our Lady of Fatima is the archiepiscopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nampula . The city is home to the Faculty of Health Science, Universidade Lurio. In 2009 a course in optometry was launched, the first of its kind in Mozambique . The course was supported through the Mozambique Eyecare Project. The other partners include the Dublin Institute of Technology , University of Ulster and Brien Holden Vision Institute . As of 2019, 61 Mozambican students have graduated with optometry degrees from Universidade Lurio (34 male and 27 female). The optometry course
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#1732765765609814-415: The civil war the government was unable to exercise effective control outside of urban areas, many of which were cut off from the capital. An estimated one million Mozambicans perished during the civil war, 1.7 million took refuge in neighbouring states, and several million more were internally displaced. In the third FRELIMO party congress in 1983, President Samora Machel conceded the failure of socialism and
851-647: The country within 24 hours, an order which was given by Armando Guebuza . Panicked Portuguese left the country via plane, road and sea and had to leave behind all their assets, returning to Portugal where they became destitute and fell under the ridicule of the European Portuguese who saw their rehabilitation as a burden on the country's meager resources. They became known as the "retornados" or refugees. Many Portuguese took their own lives. The new government gave shelter and support to South African ( ANC ) and Zimbabwean ( ZANU-PF ) guerrilla movements while
888-487: The electoral law was rewritten and passed by consensus in December 1998. Financed largely by international donors, a very successful voter registration was conducted from July to September 1999, providing voter registration cards to 85% of the potential electorate (more than 7 million voters). The second general elections were held 3–5 December 1999, with high voter turnout . International and domestic observers agreed that
925-481: The first round will participate, and whichever of the candidates obtains a majority of votes in the second round will thus be elected president. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President. His functions include convening and chairing the Council of Ministers (cabinet), advising the President, assisting the President in governing the country, and coordinating the functions of the other Ministers. The Assembly of
962-506: The government approved a new general elections law that contained innovations based on the experience of the 2003 municipal elections. Presidential and National Assembly elections took place on 1–2 December 2004. FRELIMO candidate Armando Guebuza won with 64% of the popular vote. His opponent, Afonso Dhlakama of RENAMO, received 32% of the popular vote. FRELIMO won 160 seats in Parliament. A coalition of RENAMO and several small parties won
999-546: The governments of apartheid South Africa and Rhodesia fostered and financed an armed rebel movement in central Mozambique called the Mozambican National Resistance ( RENAMO ). Civil war , sabotage from neighbouring states, and economic collapse characterised the first decade of Mozambican independence. Also marking this period were the mass exodus of Portuguese nationals, weak infrastructure, nationalisation, and economic mismanagement. During most of
1036-443: The graduates have enrolled on postgraduate programmes (five male and seven female). There is a Portuguese international school, Escola Lusófona de Nampula, as well as four international English schools, with the oldest being Stella Maris International School. The city of Nampula lies in the centre of the province of Nampula and is surrounded by plains and rocky outcrops. The city lies amongst rolling hills and mountains, typical of
1073-537: The interior of northern Mozambique. Nampula has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen climate classification : Aw ). Abel Xavier , a Portuguese football player, Carlos Queiroz , a Portuguese football manager formerly in charge of Real Madrid , and football manager, Paulo Fonseca were also from Nampula, at that time a city of the Portuguese Overseas Province of Mozambique . Nazira Abdula , pediatrician and Mozambican Minister of Health,
1110-621: The junction of the Nacala railway line, connecting Malawi to the seaport of Nacala , and the branch line to Lichinga . There is an airport in the city called Cuamba Airport . The town is home to the School of Agriculture of the Catholic University of Mozambique . 14°49′00″S 36°33′00″E / 14.81667°S 36.55000°E / -14.81667; 36.55000 Nampula Nampula [nɐ̃ˈpulɐ]
1147-408: The local elections, citing flaws in the registration process. Independent slates contested the elections and won seats in municipal assemblies. Turnout was very low. In the aftermath of the 1998 local elections, the government resolved to make more accommodations to the opposition's procedural concerns for the second round of multiparty national elections in 1999. Working through the National Assembly,
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1184-409: The need for major political and economic reforms. His death, along with several advisers, in a suspicious plane crash in 1986 interrupted progress. His successor, Joaquim Chissano , continued the reforms and began peace talks with RENAMO. The new constitution enacted in 1990 provided for a multi-party political system, market-based economy , and free elections. The civil war ended in October 1992 with
1221-687: The port city of Nacala with land-locked Southern African countries, particularly Malawi through a road and railway line. The city has a small international airport connecting to Nairobi in Kenya , Johannesburg in South Africa , Dar-es-Salaam in Tanzania and is a hub for local transport in northern Mozambique. Nampula is the centre of business in Northern Mozambique, benefitting from highly productive agricultural areas, proximity to
1258-410: The voting process was well organised and went smoothly. Both the opposition and observers subsequently cited flaws in the tabulation process that, had they not occurred, might have changed the outcome. In the end, however, international and domestic observers concluded that the close result of the vote reflected the will of the people. President Chissano won the presidency with a margin of 4% points over
1295-691: Was assassinated in October 2017, and investigations into his death proved to be inconclusive. Amurane's death led to a collapse of the MDM's support base in Nampula and another opposition party, RENAMO , won subsequent municipal elections led by Paulo Vahanle. Since the establishment of the city, Nampula has had numerous mayors: Nampula is divided into seven administrative zones, which are also subdivided into localities, as follows: Urbano Central, Anchilo, Muatala, Muhala, Namikopo, Napipine, and Natikiri. Nampula's dominant religions are Christianity and Islam . A small community of Hindus are also present in
1332-495: Was born in Nampula. Rui Águas , Portuguese racing driver, was born in Nampula. 15°07′00″S 39°16′00″E / 15.11667°S 39.26667°E / -15.11667; 39.26667 Politics of Mozambique Politics in Mozambique takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the President of Mozambique is head of state and head of government in
1369-492: Was well above the 15% turnout in the first municipal elections. FRELIMO won 28 mayoral positions and the majority in 29 municipal assemblies, while RENAMO won 5 mayoral positions and the majority in 4 municipal assemblies. The voting was conducted in an orderly fashion without violent incidents. However, the period immediately after the elections was marked by objections about voter and candidate registration and vote tabulation, as well as calls for greater transparency. In May 2004,
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