86-462: Cumberland House was a mansion on the south side of Pall Mall in London , England . It was built in the 1760s by Matthew Brettingham for Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany and was originally called York House . The Duke of York died in 1767 aged just twenty eight and the house was taken over by Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn , whose name it has retained. Brettingham's house
172-475: A covered bridge that links Morris House of Marlborough College to the North Block of the same establishment. The college is an independent boarding school established in 1843 using some of the buildings that remained after the demise of the coaching trade, which saw the original Castle Inn Coaching House close. The route continues westward through the village of Fyfield , across Overton Hill where there
258-580: A high railway bridge, then over the River Thames flood prevention channel. The road then goes over Maidenhead's old bridge Maidenhead Bridge , spanning the River Thames , and into the eastern outskirts of Maidenhead. Along Bridge Road, St Cloud Way and Bad Godesberg Way respectively. The centre of Maidenhead is reached at the roundabout that forms the junction with the A308 . Turning northwards on
344-517: A parcel of land leased to the Duchess of Cleveland that became the site of 8–12 Cleveland Row and Stornoway House. The 18th-century London bookseller Andrew Millar also lived in a townhouse designed by Robert Adam, at 34 Pall Mall. 104 Pall Mall was rebuilt in 1761–2 by John, second Earl of Egmont . Sir John Soane remodelled the house in 1793–4 for Lady Louisa Manners, Countess of Dysart who lived there until 1831. From 1831 to 1836 it
430-658: A postal office had been well established by the 1670s. The journey time to London at this period was about 16 and three quarter hours. A letter from Bath in 1684 took about 3 days going via a postal office in Marshfield on the Bristol Road. (The route to Bristol did not yet go through Bath at this time). Journey times during the Turnpike era fell with the improvements from 2 days in 1752 to 38 hours in 1782 and 18 hours by 1836. Royal Mail coaches in 1836 were able to do
516-764: Is Chiswick Roundabout , which is the junction for both the North and South Circular Roads . The road then passes the Glaxo-Smith Kline premises in Brentford where it follows underneath its successor the M4 as far as the bridge over the River Brent . The stretch between Chiswick's western border to Syon Lane (Gillette Corner) is known as the Golden Mile with some notable Art Deco factories. The road remains as
602-482: Is Slough railway station , served by Great Western Railway. The roundabout was removed in 2011 and the university's Slough campus closed in 2011 after planning permission was granted for 1,598 flats. Continuing from the William Street / Wellington Street junction, in the centre of Slough , the road heads westwards towards Maidenhead. The short stretch of dual carriageway is Wellington Street, then briefly on
688-728: Is a parking area at the start of the Ridgeway National Trail and through the village of West Kennett . On leaving West Kennett there are some lay-bys where visitors can walk a short distance from the road to the Neolithic West Kennet Long Barrow , which forms part of the Avebury World Heritage Site. One mile further along the A4 is Silbury Hill , which is also part of the Avebury World Heritage Site. A purpose built car park
774-654: Is at about the midway point of the journey between London and Bristol and was ideally positioned to take advantage of the increase in coaching. In 1836, five companies operated a coaching service through Hungerford. This peak was to be short-lived following the construction of the Great Western Railway . The decline in coaching traffic in Hungerford coincided with the building of the Great Western Railway from London to Bath and Bristol, and
860-492: Is derived from pall-mall , a ball game played there during the 17th century, which in turn is derived from the Italian pallamaglio , literally "ball-mallet". The area was built up during the reign of Charles II with fashionable London residences. It is known for high-class shopping in the 18th century until the present, and gentlemen's clubs in the 19th. The Reform , Athenaeum and Travellers Clubs have survived to
946-688: Is historically known as the Bath Road with newer sections including the Great West Road and Portway . The road was once the main route from London to Bath, Bristol and the west of England and formed, after the A40 , the second main western artery from London. Although most traffic is carried by the M4 motorway today, the A4 still acts as the main route from Bristol to London for non-motorway traffic. The A4 has gone through many transformations through
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#17327718001021032-474: Is junction 5 of the M4 (Slough-East) known as the Langley junction. At this point the A4 loses its trunk road classification. Continuing towards Slough town centre, the road, now named London Road, passes Kedermister Park on the right. Changing into Sussex Place, the architecturally impressive St Bernard's former convent is on the right. Becoming the dual carriageway Wellington Street (a late 1960s bypass for
1118-658: Is located beyond the hill on the right travelling westward. As the route approaches the Beckhampton roundabout, which forms the intersection with the A361 , it passes by the Waggon & Horses Inn, built in 1669 to profit from the increasing trade along the old Bath Road. It is mentioned in The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens . The route continues past Cherhill . The Cherhill White Horse can be seen to
1204-514: Is on the left as the road enters Thatcham. At the roundabout after the industrial Estate the route follows London Road and passes Thatcham towards Benham Hill and Newbury . At the Benham Hill roundabout it goes along Bath Road where it deviates from Turnpike Road. Bath Road is the original turnpiked road and the road now confusingly called Turnpike Road was originally called The Shaw Road. The turnpike then continues along London Road as it enters
1290-533: The Borough of Hounslow , passing Fuller's Brewery . After Hogarth Roundabout , the road passes Hogarth's House and is called Hogarth Lane, then Ellesmere Road and Cedars Road. It becomes the Great West Road again just a few yards short of the start of Chiswick Flyover , which is junction 1 of the M4. Gunnersbury 's Russian Orthodox Cathedral is clearly visible on the right. The next major intersection
1376-607: The Commonwealth Secretariat and the Commonwealth Foundation . The Prince Regent's Carlton House was built at the eastern end of Pall Mall in 1732 for Frederick, Prince of Wales and later inhabited by his widow, Princess Augusta . A ball was held at the house on 19 June 1811 to celebrate the start of the Prince's regency, but ultimately he did not decide to stay in the house upon ascending
1462-770: The Ismaili Centre , and onto Cromwell Road , past the Natural History Museum . At Earls Court , the A4 becomes dual carriageway , and continues along West Cromwell Road, over the West London Line into West Kensington and the Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham . A 5-mile (8.0 km) section of the road from Knightsbridge to the Chiswick Flyover was the first section of Clearway designated in London. It introduced no stopping on
1548-656: The M40 at junction 2. To the south, it goes towards the M4 (junction 6, Slough Centre) and Windsor . The route at this point runs parallel to both the Great Western Main Line and the M4. The road continues past the southern fringe of Slough Trading Estate . On Slough's western boundary is the Huntercombe Spur roundabout linking the A4 to junction 7 of the M4 motorway. Here the dual carriageway ends. The road bends right at Taplow and passes under
1634-587: The River Kennet on the outskirts of the town at the same time as intersecting with the A338 . The route does not enter the town centre, but continues through the northern part of town on its way to Marlborough , via the village of Froxfield and the northern edge of Savernake Forest . On entering the outskirts of Marlborough the road follows London Road. Crossing the River Kennet again it briefly shares
1720-612: The Royal Automobile Club . 51°30′21″N 0°8′7″W / 51.50583°N 0.13528°W / 51.50583; -0.13528 Pall Mall, London Pall Mall / ˌ p æ l ˈ m æ l / is a street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster , Central London. It connects St James's Street to Trafalgar Square and is a section of the regional A4 road . The street's name
1806-649: The Royal Automobile Club . Pall Mall was once the centre of London's fine art scene; in 1824 the Royal Academy , the National Gallery and Christie's auction house were all based on the street. The freehold of much of the southern side of the Pall Mall is owned by the Crown Estate . In addition to St James's Palace, Marlborough House, which was once a royal residence, is its neighbour to
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#17327718001021892-647: The 19th and early 20th centuries. The Travellers Club was founded in 1819 and moved to No. 49 Pall Mall in 1822. Its current premises at No. 106 were built in 1823 by Charles Barry . The Athenaeum Club took its name from the Athenaeum in Rome , a university founded by the Emperor Hadrian . The club moved to No. 107 Pall Mall in 1830 from tenements in Somerset House . Its entrance hall
1978-548: The 21st century. The War Office was based on Pall Mall during the second half of the 19th century, and the Royal Automobile Club 's headquarters have been on the street since 1908. The street is around 0.4 miles (0.6 km) long and runs east in the St James's area, from St James's Street across Waterloo Place , to the Haymarket and continues as Pall Mall East towards Trafalgar Square . The street numbers run consecutively from north-side east to west and then continue on
2064-563: The A308 would lead to the A404 towards Marlow and High Wycombe . Southwards, the A308 heads towards Windsor and provides an opportunity to branch off for junction 8/9 of the M4. Heading out of Maidenhead town centre, the road follows Castle Hill and then Bath Road. At the outskirts, the road forms part of junction 9b of the A404(M)/A404, which links junction 8/9 of the M4 with junction 4 of
2150-766: The A4 turns left in a southerly direction at another roundabout. The route heads downhill over the River Avon on the Avenue La Fleche , named after one of Chippenham's twin towns, to the Bridge Centre roundabout. The Bridge Centre roundabout forms a junction of the A4 with the A420 Bristol Road. The route heads over Rowden Hill past the Chippenham Community Hospital and down to the spot where musician Eddie Cochran
2236-479: The Bath Road was easy to maintain and many inns and towns became prosperous. Tollhouses were established at Colnbrook , Maidenhead , Twyford , Castle Street Reading , Thatcham and Benham . During the 1820s, the employment of good surveyors improved the condition of the road and aided an increased flow of wealthy travellers. The tolls raised from such clientele ensured that when the turnpike trusts handed over
2322-553: The Bath Road. It passes Prospect Park , and the suburbs of Southcote , Horncastle and Calcot , before reaching Junction 12 of the M4. The A4 heads south westerly through Theale and over the roundabout connecting it to the A340 which heads towards Pangbourne. Heading towards Thatcham , the road passes Aldermaston Wharf next to the Kennet and Avon Canal and through the villages of Woolhampton and Midgham . A large industrial estate
2408-466: The British Monopoly board game, alongside Whitehall and Northumberland Avenue . All three streets converge at Trafalgar Square. Rising house prices across London mean a small flat on Pall Mall, which is in the lowest-priced third of properties on the board, now sells for over £1 million. Charles Lamb, in his essay "The Superannuated Man," also mentioned this place. The narrator of
2494-729: The City of Westminster via Aldwych and the Strand , passing notable landmarks such as the Royal Courts of Justice , the Savoy and Adelphi theatres , and Charing Cross railway station . From Charing Cross station to Green Park , the westbound and eastbound routes of the A4 are considerably different, due to one-way systems. Westbound, the A4 continues along the Strand up to Charing Cross itself, then along Cockspur Street and into Pall Mall ,
2580-702: The Great West Road through Osterley and Hounslow where it splits with the A30 , which is known as the Great South West Road. Between the two world wars, the Great West Road was built as a bypass to relieve traffic congestion in Brentford and Hounslow. After the A30, the A4 changes its name to Bath Road, enters Cranford , and crosses the River Crane into the Borough of Hillingdon . It then passes along
2666-592: The High Street), Tesco's massive "aircraft hangar" supermarket is on the right and the Queensmere and Observatory Shopping Centres on the left. The end of this section of the Great Western Road is in the centre of Slough at the junction of William Street and Wellington Street. This spot was formerly the site of Slough's largest roundabout on the south-east corner of Thames Valley University. Nearby
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2752-858: The London Road again, it crosses the junction of the A3290 next to Palmer Park , which leads to Junction 10 of the M4. The A4 goes over the intersection with the A329 Cemetery Junction which links Wokingham with Pangbourne , passing the Royal Berkshire Hospital and the London Road Campus of the University of Reading . At London Street and again at Southampton Street, the A4 meets the A327 twice, since
2838-744: The M40 at Handy Cross. The A4 crosses open countryside before following New Bath Road on the outskirts of Twyford . This is a bypass, built in 1929, that deviates from the old route of the A4, and crosses the River Loddon on its way into the suburbs of Reading via the village of Charvil. The A4 passes the King George's Field in Sonning , which are used as playing fields, and the Reading Cricket and Hockey Club . As it enters Reading, along
2924-499: The ages from pre-Roman routes, Roman roads (such as the one passing Silbury Hill ), and basic wagon tracks. During the Middle Ages, most byways and tracks served to connect villages with their nearest market town. A survey of Savernake Forest near Hungerford in 1228 mentions "The King's Street" running between the town and Marlborough . This street corresponded roughly with the route of the modern A4. In 1632, Thomas Witherings
3010-452: The crown commissioners. When the main road was relocated further north, some houses suddenly had their backs facing the main road, losing available land for gardening. In 1664, residents filed a petition to turn the old road into gardens, which was successful. The trustees of the Earl of St Albans received a sixty-year lease on most of this from April 1665 so that trustees could issue sub-leases to their tenants. Several other portions of
3096-402: The earliest documentary references are from the 12th century in connection with a leper colony at St James's Hospital. When St. James's Park was laid out by order of Henry VIII in the 16th century, the park's boundary wall was built along the south side of the road. In 1620, the Privy Council ordered the High Sheriff of Middlesex to clear a number of temporary buildings next to
3182-422: The east side of the Square, past South Africa House , then right along Duncannon Street to reach Charing Cross station. The first part of Regent Street , from Waterloo Place to Piccadilly Circus, is also signed as the A4; all traffic here runs in a northbound direction. From Green Park, the A4 enters a short tunnel under Hyde Park Corner , where Wellington Arch is located. Afterwards, the road continues along
3268-428: The east, opening off a courtyard just to the south of the street. It was built for Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough who laid the foundation stone in 1709, with building complete by 1711. The house reverted to Crown ownership in 1817; the future King George V was born here in 1865 and briefly lived in the house as Prince of Wales during the reign of his father, Edward VII . It became government-owned in 1959 and houses now
3354-454: The essay confesses that he used to "indent the gayer flags of Pall Mall." As the narrator is a superannuated man, he has ample time to spend. Among the means of spending time and enjoying his life is frequently visiting the club houses in Pall Mall, which gave him immense pleasure. A4 road (Great Britain) The A4 is a major road in England from Central London to Avonmouth via Heathrow Airport , Reading , Bath and Bristol . It
3440-431: The first part of Knightsbridge , before bearing left onto Brompton Road . This is an affluent area of London, in which the Harrods and Harvey Nichols department stores are located as well as numerous embassies . At this point, the road enters the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea . At the Brompton Oratory , the road bears right along Thurloe Place and Cromwell Gardens, past the Victoria and Albert Museum and
3526-400: The highway with the A346 which connects northwards to Swindon . It splits again at a roundabout along New Road and Oxford Street into the town centre on the High Street. The High Street is a traditional main thoroughfare for an English market town, in that it is wide, with space for market stalls on either side and in the middle, though these spaces are usually marked for car parking. Until
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3612-405: The highway, with compensation for those at least 30 years old. The commissioners determined that the real tennis court and adjoining house at the northeast corner of Pall Mall and St James's Street should be demolished, and in 1664 notified Martha Barker, the owner of the Crown lease, to do so. Although Barker initially rejected £230 compensation, the court was demolished by 1679. The street
3698-421: The interiors, which are now in the collection at the Sir John Soane's Museum , but only a few of them were carried out. The Duke of Cumberland died in 1790, and in 1800, the widowed Duchess surrendered it to the banks who held mortgages on it. The house was sold to the Union Club in 1801 and in 1806 it was purchased by the Board of Ordnance . From 1858 it housed the War Office ; a statue of Sidney Herbert
3784-440: The junction with the A342 Devizes road and a right turn past the Lysley Arms towards Chippenham . On the outskirts of Chippenham is a large roundabout, where the A4 used to carry straight on down London Road and The Causeway into the town centre, which has since been pedestrianised. Most traffic turns left to go round the Pewsham Estate relief road called Pewsham Way, which is now the classified A4 route. After four roundabouts,
3870-499: The late 1980s most of this section, and some of the following Wiltshire section, was configured as three lanes, with the central lane available for overtaking traffic in either direction. This is no longer considered safe so the road now has one wider-than-normal lane in each direction, with ghost islands at junctions to discourage overtaking at these points. The A4 continues along the High Street on its way out of Marlborough via Bridewell Street and Bath Road. The road passes underneath
3956-423: The latter loops round on two branches which meet at Whitley Street. Between the two junctions, the A4 becomes Crown Street for approximately 150 metres. On the other side of the intersection the A4 follows Pell Street and continues westward. Here it crosses the River Kennet , the Holy Brook and the A33 relief road, which goes towards Basingstoke . In West Reading , the A4 becomes Berkeley Avenue, and then
4042-412: The left, and nearby the Lansdowne Monument . The route then descends the Labour in Vain Hill through the village of Quemerford and into the market town of Calne . Heading towards the town centre, the road crosses a double mini roundabout, one exit forming the junction with the A3102 to Melksham. It follows New Road and passes by the old coaching inn of the Lansdowne Strand. On the way out of Calne,
4128-485: The location of many exclusive gentlemen's clubs as well as the Institute of Directors , before turning right along St James's Street to reach Piccadilly . Eastbound from Green Park, the A4 runs along the full length of Piccadilly to Piccadilly Circus , before turning right along Haymarket . It bears left along Pall Mall East, then right along the west side of Trafalgar Square , past the National Gallery and Canada House , to Charing Cross. Finally, it bears left along
4214-459: The most western end of the High Street, over the railway bridge for the line between Slough and Windsor Central Station. The Bath Road begins on the west side of the bridge. On the left is Slough's 1936 Town Hall, now abandoned by the local council, and on the right Salt Hill Park. The next major road intersection is by the Three Tuns Pub where the A4 crosses the A355 . This road goes north towards Farnham Royal, Farnham Common, Beaconsfield and
4300-402: The new county councils . The tollgate on the Bath Road west of Reading was removed in 1864 as the outward pressure of urban development made rates a more acceptable way of financing the maintenance of what was now a suburban road. With the improvement being made to the road systems, the business of moving mail became easier and thus more profitable as volumes were able to increase. In Bristol,
4386-436: The new district would not take houses without the prospect of eventually acquiring them outright. Despite opposition from the Lord Treasurer , the Earl of Southampton , on 1 April 1665 the King granted the Earl of St Albans the freehold of the St James's Square site, along with all the ground on the north side of Pall Mall between St James's Street and the east side of St James's Square. The freehold of
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#17327718001024472-414: The north side of Pall Mall subsequently passed to other private owners. The Crown kept the freehold of the land south of the street except for No. 79, which was granted to Nell Gwyn 's trustees in 1676 or 1677 by Charles II . The buildings constructed on the south side of Pall Mall in subsequent years were grander than those on the north owing to stricter design and building standards imposed by
4558-418: The northern boundary of Heathrow Airport , before leaving the London suburbs over the M25 towards the west. After leaving Heathrow Airport, still the A4, it becomes the Colnbrook Bypass and climbs over the M25 motorway. This bypass for the narrow main road of Colnbrook was built after the Second World War across farmland between Harmondsworth and the outskirts of Langley . The next major intersection
4644-417: The novelist William Makepeace Thackeray visited Dublin in 1845, he compared Pall Mall to O'Connell Street (then known as Upper Sackville Street). In 1870, Henry Benjamin Wheatley wrote "Round about Piccadilly and Pall Mall", documenting changes in and around the street over the century. A compilation of Oscar Wilde 's works, A Critic in Pall Mall : Being Extracts From Reviews And Miscellanies ,
4730-413: The old highway were leased for construction. At the east end, land was leased to Sir Philip Warwick who built Warwick House (now the location of Warwick House Street) and to Sir John Denham ; this parcel of land became part of the grounds of Marlborough House . Portions leased at the west end included the land between St James's Palace and the tennis court at the corner of St James's Street, and
4816-432: The old road. The court for pall-mall was very long and narrow, and often known as an alley, so the old court, namely St James's Field, provided a suitable route for relocating the eastern approach to St James's Palace. A grant was made to Dan O'Neale , Groom of the Bedchamber , and John Denham , Surveyor of the King's Works , allocating a 1,400-by-23-foot (427 by 7 m) area of land for this purpose. The grant
4902-434: The old route of the A34. After the junction, the road heads out of town through Speenhamland along Western Avenue and Bath Road to the junction with the A34 Newbury bypass , which was opened, after some controversy, on 17 November 1998, at a cost of £104 million. The route heads over undulating countryside in a fairly straight westward direction towards Hungerford , parallel to the Kennet and Avon Canal and crossing
4988-413: The outskirts of Newbury. Heading towards the centre of Newbury, the route passes the West Berkshire Community Hospital on the right. To the North of the town centre the road becomes part of an unusual junction with the A339 that links the new A34 by-pass to the north with Basingstoke to the south. The junction is a combination of a figure of eight roundabout with an elevated section that used to be
5074-436: The property was divided: No.77 was occupied by the Oxford and Cambridge University Club , and no.78 by the Eagle Star Insurance Company. The Institute of Directors was founded in 1903 and received a royal charter in 1906. The former branch of the Midland Bank at Nos. 69–70 Pall Mall was designed by Edwin Lutyens and constructed between 1922 and 1927. The original plan to redevelop No. 70 proved impractical so
5160-408: The road during rush hours on 21 August 1961. The A4 continues along Talgarth Road past the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art . The road becomes elevated at the Hammersmith Flyover and heads towards Heathrow Airport as the Great West Road, passing Hammersmith's two churches of St Paul and St Peter . At this point the road is close to the River Thames . The road enters Chiswick and
5246-417: The road goes along Curzon Street, and then to Chilvester Hill at the roundabout where the northern part of the A3102 splits off towards Lyneham . The A4 descends steeply before climbing again up Black Dog Hill past the Bowood House Estate. The old road used to pass through Derry Hill , but the New Road, as it is called at this point, indicates that the village was bypassed. There follows a steep descent to
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#17327718001025332-495: The route to local highway boards , they had no financial liabilities. Justices of the peace were empowered by the Highway Act 1862 to combine turnpike trusts into highways districts. This meant that by the late 1860s trusts were either not renewing their powers or were being terminated by general Acts of Parliament. For example, most turnpikes in Berkshire, including the Bath Road, were officially wound up by 1878 when legislation transferred responsibility for dis-enturnpiked roads to
5418-423: The royal palaces of Whitehall and St James and the houses on the east, north and west sides of the square were developed along with those on the north side of Pall Mall, each constructed separately as was usual for the time. Houses were not built along the square's south side at first, or the adjoining part of Pall Mall. The Earl petitioned the King in late 1663 that the class of occupants they hoped to attract to
5504-456: The south-side west to east. It is nominally part of the A4 , a major road running west from Central London, but is not used as a through road. Pall Mall was constructed in 1661, replacing an earlier highway slightly to the south that ran from the Haymarket (approximately where Warwick House Street is now) to the royal residence, St James's Palace . Historical research suggests a road had been in this location since Saxon times, although
5590-459: The spa city of Bath , the road became more commonly known as Bath Road. Over the years, the direction of the road has taken many detours depending on such factors as changes in tolls or turnpike patronage. For example, in 1750 the toll road from London was altered to go through Melksham ; and in 1695 the map maker, John Ogilby, produced a map of the Hungerford area of the Great West Road showing two possible routes. As Bath became more popular with
5676-404: The street as well as the game. In 1662, Pall Mall was one of several streets "thought fitt immediately to be repaired, new paved or otherwise amended" under the London and Westminster Streets Act 1662 ( 14 Cha. 2 . c. 2). The paving commissioners appointed to oversee the work included the Earl of St Albans . The terms of the act allowed commissioners to remove any building encroaching on
5762-441: The subsequent Berks and Hants Railway line from Newbury to Hungerford itself in 1847. By 1843, it was reported that the stage coaches had ceased running between Bristol and London. The A4 begins as New Fetter Lane in the City of London at Holborn Circus on the A40 . It goes in a southerly direction to join Fleet Street where many British national newspapers at one time had their head offices. The road heads west through
5848-563: The throne, and it was demolished. John Nash built Carlton House Terrace on its site between 1827 and 1832. Pall Mall was the location of the War Office from 1855 to 1906, with which it became synonymous (just as Whitehall refers to the administrative centre of the UK government ). The War Office was accommodated in a complex of buildings based on the ducal mansion, Cumberland House . The office subsequently moved to Whitehall. The street contained two other architecturally important residences. Schomberg House, at Nos. 80–82 Pall Mall
5934-422: The trip in 12 to 13 hours. Further improvements to regional post services were made between 1719 and 1763 due to contracts with the London Inland Letter Office negotiated by Ralph Allen , the postmaster of Bath. In the early part of the 19th century, coaching was at its height with six stagecoaches each day carrying passengers to and from London along the Bath Road in 1830, rising to ten by 1836. Hungerford
6020-399: The two premises were demolished to provide a site for the current premises. The cigarette manufacturer Rothmans has its head office at No. 65 Pall Mall, in a building designed by Norman Shaw , while P&O Ferries ' main administrative office is at No. 79. Giacomo Casanova lived in Pall Mall during 1761 as "Chevalier de Seingalt" and documented the stay in his memoirs. When
6106-504: The wall that were of poor quality. Pall-mall , a ball game similar to croquet , was introduced to England in the early 17th century by James I . The game, already popular in France and Scotland, was enjoyed by James' sons Henry and Charles . In 1630, St James's Field, London's first pall-mall court, was laid out to the north of the Haymarket – St James road. After the Restoration and King Charles II 's return to London on 29 May 1660, another pall-mall court
6192-544: The wealthy and famous, it was inevitable that turnpike trusts would be set up under the terms of the Turnpike Acts to pay for maintenance and improvements to the road. The first turnpike on this road was between Reading and Theale in 1714. Due to increasing traffic, sections of the road between Kensington , over Hounslow Hill, to Twyford were turnpike by 1717 with the remaining sections placed under turnpike trusts. As turnpike trusts were individually run, there
6278-492: Was appointed Postmaster of Foreign Mails by Charles I. Three years later, the king charged him with building six "Great Roads" to aid in the delivery of the post, of which the Great West Road was one. It was not until the 17th century that a distinct route between London and Bristol started to resemble today's road. During the 17th century, the A4 was known as the Great Road to Bristol. When Queen Anne started patronising
6364-511: Was built in 1698 for Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg and divided into three parts in 1769. The eastern section of the house was demolished in 1850, but reconstructed in the mid-1950s for office use. Buckingham House was the London residence of the Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos . It was rebuilt in the 1790s by Sir John Soane and sold by the Buckingham estate in 1847. The house
6450-542: Was constructed in St ;James's Park just south of the wall, on the site of The Mall . Samuel Pepys 's diary entry for 2 April 1661 records: "[I] went into St. James's Park, where I saw the Duke of York playing at Pelemele, the first time that I ever saw the sport". This new court suffered from dust blown over the wall from coaches travelling along the highway. In July 1661 posts and rails were erected, stopping up
6536-627: Was demolished in 1908 to make way for the Royal Automobile Club. By 1902, 7 Pall Mall was occupied by the Electric Lighting Board. An intended hire of a first-floor room here to allow viewing of the coronation procession of King Edward VII was cancelled as the King was ill, giving rise to an important legal case, Chandler v Webster , concerned with the legal treatment of a frustrated contract . No 77–78 Pall Mall
6622-673: Was designed by Decimus Burton . The Reform Club at Nos. 104–105 was founded for the British Radicals in 1836. The Army and Navy Club at Nos. 36–39 was founded in 1837. The name was suggested by the Duke of Wellington in order to accommodate Royal Navy members. Other clubs on Pall Mall include the United Service Club (now occupied by the Institute of Directors ), the Oxford and Cambridge Club and
6708-453: Was developed extensively during 1662–1667. The Earl of St Albans had a lease from the Crown in 1662 on 45 acres (18 ha) of land previously part of St James's Fields. He laid out the site for the development of St James's Square , Jermyn Street , Charles Street, St Albans Street, King Street and other streets now known as St James's . The location was convenient for
6794-593: Was endorsed 'Our warrant for the building of the new street to St James's'. A new road was built on the site of the old pall-mall court, and opened in September 1661. It was named Catherine Street, after Catherine of Braganza , wife of Charles II, but was better known as Pall Mall Street or the Old Pall Mall. The pall-mall field was a popular place for recreation, and Pepys records several other visits. By July 1665 Pepys used "Pell Mell" to refer to
6880-421: Was in a late Palladian style. It was seven bays wide with three main storeys plus basement and attics and was built of brick with stone dressings. The Duke of Cumberland made various alterations. He built a projecting west wing on the site of a neighbouring house that he purchased and added a pair of lodges flanking the forecourt, probably all to designs by Robert Adam . Adam also made many designs for remodelling
6966-506: Was one of the first in London to be lit by gas after Frederick Albert Winsor set up experimental lighting on 4 June 1807 to celebrate King George III 's birthday. Permanent lighting was installed in 1820. The eastern end of Pall Mall was widened between 1814 and 1818; a row of houses on its north side was demolished to make way for the Royal Opera Arcade. Pall Mall is known for the various gentlemen's clubs built there in
7052-414: Was placed in the front courtyard in 1867. An eastern counterpart to the west wing was added in 1809. Cumberland House was used by the government for just over a hundred years. The War Office also acquired several neighbouring houses, including Schomberg House , and knocked them together to form a large office complex. Cumberland House was demolished in stages between 1908 and 1911. The site is now occupied by
7138-409: Was published in 1919, comprising essays he wrote for newspapers and journals from the 1870s to the 1890s. Princess Elizabeth mentioned Pall Mall in her diary on celebrations on VE day : "Out in crowd again," she wrote, " Trafalgar Square , Piccadilly , Pall Mall, walked simply miles. Saw parents on balcony at 12.30am – ate, partied, bed 3am!" Pall Mall is part of a group of three squares on
7224-603: Was the home of the Marquess of Ailesbury from 1840. In 1892, it was inherited by the Marchioness' nephew, Viscount de Vesci who leased the building to the Office of Works . In 1902, it was granted to Queen Victoria's daughter, Princess Helena and her husband Prince Christian as a grace and favour residence and retained as a home by their daughters, Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise until 1947. In 1951,
7310-473: Was the possibility for greatly differing road conditions, especially over the London Clay basin of Kensington , Brentford , Hounslow and Slough , where winter conditions left the way muddy and uneven. This was not always the case with the Bath Road, as many of the wealthy landowners along the route co-operated informally and exercised a large amount of control over feeder roads. As a result, control of
7396-771: Was used for the storage and exhibition of the Royal picture collection. In 1836 it was acquired by the Reform Club . By the 18th century, Pall Mall was well known for its shops as well as its grand houses. The shops included that of the Vulliamy family who made clocks at No. 68 between 1765 and 1854. Robert Dodsley ran a bookshop at No. 52, where he suggested the idea of a dictionary to Samuel Johnson . Writers and artists began to move to Pall Mall during this century; both Richard Cosway and Thomas Gainsborough lived at Schomberg House at Nos. 80–82. The street
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