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53-502: The majority of stands referred to as a "curva" are located behind the goals in their respective stadiums and contain the most vocal supporters within them, often known as Ultras . They are usually curved in shape, in some form whether minor or major, often due to the presence of a running track around the pitch. The Stadio Giuseppe Meazza provides an example of two prominent stands referred to as "curva", " Curva Nord " and " Curva Sud ", which contain only minor curves at their corners, while

106-442: A golden goal , Palmeiras supporters invaded the pitch to celebrate. São Paulo supporters invaded an area under renovation, stealing bricks, rocks, sticks and other building materials to invade the pitch as well and attack their rival supporters. As this was a junior tournament, police and paramedical services were too meagre to manage the riot. 108 people were wounded and one person died, resulting in tighter controls being imposed on

159-449: A few ultras that are connected to football clubs Manijaci , Horde zla , Lešinari , Red Army , Škripari , Ultras Mostar and many more. Gate-9 ( Greek : Θύρα 9 ) is a Cypriot fans' group that supports the football team People's Athletic Club Omonia 1948 and all the sport departments of AC Omonia except football. Omonia supporters are traditionally left wing. A 2009 gallop poll estimated that three out of four Omonia fans vote for

212-579: A formal association of Hajduk Split fans in the Croatian Dalmatia region. Torcida Split is now the oldest (1950) organized supporters' group in Europe. Thanks to Torcida Split , many other Torcida organized supporters' groups were created, among them rapidly growing and acting Górnik Zabrze fans, called Torcida Górnik , KF Trepça fans called Torcida Mitrovicë , and FK Novi Pazar fans, called Torcida Sandžak . Generally speaking,

265-444: A gigantic team shirt, but a constant in these flags is a reference to the torcida that made them. The reason why torcidas constantly sing is because they believe it is important to support the team, no matter what is occurring on the field. That is why it is so common to see the crowd singing, even if the opposing team has just scored a goal. However, during the half-time, the torcidas tend to organize small protests that are directed to

318-579: A handful of fans to hundreds or thousands, with larger groups often claiming entire sections of a stadium for themselves. Ultras groups often have a representative who liaises with the club owners on a regular basis, mostly regarding tickets, seat allocations and storage facilities. Some clubs provide groups with cheaper tickets, storage rooms for flags and banners and early access to the stadium before matches to prepare displays. These types of favoured relationships are often criticised when ultras groups abuse their power. While ultras groups can become violent,

371-645: A section of the club's home stadium Villa Park for a Premier League match against A.F.C. Bournemouth to launch the group's presence at Aston Villa's matches. Several clubs in Hungary have large ultras groups, such as Ferencváros (Green Monsters), Újpest (Viola Fidelity), Diósgyőr (Ultras Diósgyőr), Honvéd (Ultras Kispest, Északi Kanyar), Fehérvár (Red Blue Devils), Tatabánya (Turul Ultrái), Debrecen (Szívtiprók Ultras Debrecen) and other strongly developing groups such as Kecskemét (Ultras Kecskemét). The national team of Hungary has an ultras group known as

424-526: A team or club. These displays often take on an importance of their own, particularly in games involving rivals where both sets of supporters aim to outdo each other. In certain countries, particularly those where sports clubs and supporters are extremely reflective of the local culture, the curva can become quite politicised in nature. Therefore, it is not uncommon for a curva to be split into individual factions or groups, either solely or partially, based on politics, and for one group to hold significant control of

477-782: Is also involved in humanitarian work for refugees in Cyprus. The group, besides Nicosia , has fan clubs in Limassol , Athens, Thessaloniki , Larnaka , Paphos , and London. There are also ultras groups affiliated with the APOEL FC and the Anorthosis Famagusta FC . Although small in size, Malta has some notable ultras groups. The main ultras groups in Malta are Birkirkara Ultras 1997, Ultras Beltin 999, and Paola Boys Hibs Ultras, Sliema Ultras Blue Gladiators as well as

530-720: Is generally agreed to have come from Italian and English ultraism and hooliganism at the 1982 World Cup held in Spain. Held only seven years after the death of Franco, the World Cup was an opportunity for Spain to join the world of modern international football. Spanish ultraism is particularly known for its dramatic and polarized distinction across two ideological cleavages: fascism and (regional) nationalism. The vast majority of ultra groups identify as either fascist or anti-fascist, and either separatist or nationalist. In The Netherlands , most professional football teams have an ultras group.

583-495: Is new, and since these have begun, the younger generation of fans in Northern Ireland has increased more than it has in many years. The first Polish ultras groups were formed in 1980s by fans of Legia Warszawa and Arka Gdynia . Those early ultra groups identified as either fascist or national-socialist and opposed the communist government of Wojciech Jaruzelski . The 1990s saw the continuing spread and development of

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636-561: Is normal to see gear of allied teams ( Palmeiras ), Atlético Mineiro , Grêmio Bahia and ABC Futebol Clube at Vasco da Gama games. Torcida Independente , Torcida Jovem Fla and Máfia Azul' s alliance was known for their own "symbol". To symbolize their own group and alliance, they raised their fists and crossed them, calling themselves "punhos cruzados" (crossed fists). In reference and prejudice to this, Mancha Verde , Galoucura and Força Jovem do Vasco put heir middle fingers up and called themselves "dedos pro alto" (raised fingers);

689-444: Is the union between three of the main organized firms then and today: Mancha Verde ( Palmeiras ), Força Jovem Vasco ( Vasco ) and Galoucura ( Atlético Mineiro ) who have a friendship that dates back to the early 1980s, while rivals Torcida Jovem Fla (supporters of Flamengo ), Torcida Independente (supporters of São Paulo FC ) and Máfia Azul ( Cruzeiro ) are also linked to each other. These old unions, dated, some say, since

742-516: Is used worldwide to describe predominantly organised fans of association football teams. The behavioural tendency of ultras groups includes singing football chants , playing musical instruments such as drums , their use of flares and smoke bombs (primarily in tifo choreography), frequent use of elaborate displays, vocal support in large groups and the displaying of flags and banners at football stadiums, all of which are designed to create an atmosphere which encourages their own team and intimidates

795-416: Is viewed by some as a branch of hooliganism, yet still maintaining its own independence and culture. Ultras tend to be more conspicuous when they travel, proudly displaying their scarves and club colours while arriving en masse , which allows the police to keep a close eye on their movements. In Scotland, Ultras Aberdeen are the ultras group who follow Aberdeen F.C. , they organise chants and choreography in

848-2255: The Maltese national football team ultras group, the South End Core. Romania's ultras only finds itself in the traditional teams like Steaua București,iau la muie Dinamo București and fac laba Rapid București; but there are some small ultras groups which support their local club. The biggest ultras groups are: Peluza Nord FCSB, Peluza Sud Steaua, Peluza Cătălin Hîldan, Peluza Sud Dinamo, Peluza Nord Rapid, Peluza Sud Timisoara, t2 Rapid, Peluza Şepcile Roşii and Peluza Nord Hunedoara. There are also some honourable mentions like Peluza Marină Farul, Peluza Sud Craiova, Peluza Dron Craiolguța and Peluza Nord Galați. The three big clubs of Turkey, namely Beşiktaş , Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray , have dedicated and passionate fanbases. The ultras of these clubs are Çarşı , Genç Fenerbahçeliler and UltrAslan , respectively. The most famous ultras in Bulgaria are Sector G ( CSKA Sofia ), Sector B ( Levski Sofia ), Bultras ( Botev Plovdiv ), Green Fighters ( Neftochimic Burgas ), Moryatsi ( Cherno More Varna ) and Lauta Army ( Lokomotiv Plovdiv ). – Ultras Méga Boys 2007 – Ultras Fanatic Reds 09 – Ultra Dey Boys 09 – Ultras Crazy Capital 14 – Ultras Polina 10 – Ultras Asnam Boys 1437 – Groupe Djawarih 2014 – Group Armata Rosso 2019 – Ultras Scorpion Trop Puissant – Ultras Verde Veteranos – Ultra' Combattiva – Ultras Vescera – Red Scorpion – RossoNero – Ultras Kop 13 – Ultras Giallo Verde – Ultras Vikings 2009 – Ultras Red Army 2013 – Ultras Gouraya United – Ultras Marins – Les Genies – Ultras Guida Nascosta – I Prescelti – Ultras Blue Vichingo – Ultras Tauras Blue – Ultras Mina Men Torcida organizada Torcidas organizadas ( Portuguese pronunciation: [toʁˈsidɐz oʁɡɐ̃niˈzadɐs] , organized fans or organized supporters ) are formal (or informal) associations of football fans in Brazil in

901-536: The Progressive Party of Working People , the communist party of Cyprus. While the group retains its left wing beliefs, in recent years it has been openly critical of the party's involvement in the club's administrative decisions. The party has denied accusations that it influences club decisions. Gate-9 members are associated with communist beliefs and have been noted for waving banners bearing Che Guevara 's portrait, and other communist symbols. The group

954-543: The Stadio Olimpico provides an example of two completely curved stands. A curva may extend from one corner flag to another or be located centrally behind the goal, bordered by two separate corner sections for ticketing or organizational purposes. Being home to the most openly passionate supporters in a stadium, the curva is usually the focal point of a club's support. It is often the scene of dramatic choreographed displays of support and occasionally, disapproval for

1007-430: The torcidas organizadas have a different supporting style to the barra bravas and ultras : firstly, torcidas wear their own uniforms when attending games rather than the club's uniforms, sometimes it is a color that differs from their club's primary color, e.g. Palmeiras Mancha Verde wears white while Torcida Jovem ( Sport Recife ) wears yellow as opposed to the club's red-and-black. Additionally, they sing all

1060-628: The 1930s. Due to hooliganism and violence associated with the Torcidas organizadas, the Brazilian government created the Estatuto do Torcedor , a law which regulates the Torcidas organizadas, giving them rights and duties. In the beginning of the 1940s, and until the 1960s, torcidas organizadas were informal associations of fans who gathered to buy fireworks, cloth for large flags, and other stuff to be used during celebrations. The first one

1113-608: The 1950s. One country closely associated with the ultras movement is Italy. The first Italian ultras groups were formed in 1951, including the Fedelissimi Granata of Torino . The 1960s saw the continuing spread and development of the culture with the formation of the Fossa dei Leoni and Boys San groups, the former often regarded in Italy as the first full-fledged ultras group (associated with violence). The term "ultras"

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1166-513: The 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, starting with the countries geographically closest to Italy. Ultras groups are usually centred on a core group of founders or leaders (who tend to hold executive control), with smaller subgroups organised by location, friendship or political stance. Ultras tend to use various styles and sizes of banners and flags bearing the name and symbols of their group. Some ultras groups sell their own merchandise to raise funds for performing displays. An ultras group can number from

1219-604: The Carpathian Brigade. The group was formed in 2009. Hungarian ultras occupy sector B Central at the Puskás Aréna . – Suspeitos do Costume 2008 In Greece , most professional football teams have an ultras group. Most of them are named after a gate number which refers to the specific place where the fans are situated at the stadium. Others have actual names or no special names at all and they are named after their supporting team. Red Star Belgrade have one of

1272-580: The Merkland Road Stand, at Pittodrie Stadium, also known as the "Red Shed". The Green Brigade are an ultras group that follow Celtic F.C. and regularly make tifo displays and often voice support for a United Ireland . They are left-wing . On the other side of Glasgow are the Rangers F.C. ultra group The Union Bears. The Union Bears are known for their elaborate fan displays and their support for Northern Irish and Scottish unionism within

1325-500: The Partizan multi-sports club, and mostly wear black and white symbols, which are the club's colors. FC Copenhagen (Sektion 12) and Brøndby IF (Sydsiden) have some of the most renowned ultras groups on the continent, and the derby between the two is also one of the fiercest in Europe. AaB's ultras group caused a 14-minute delay in the 2020 Danish Cup final for a failure to adhere to COVID-19 social distancing rules. The group

1378-507: The Torcidas Organizadas. Rivalry is embedded in Brazilian football culture, but when it comes to their organized (or uniformed) supporters, things can take a turn for the worse. Some groups can relate only with their equals, a common occurrence for "torcidas organizadas", " barras bravas " and " firms " all over the world. Torcidas Organizadas have also strong ties with local organized crime . In 2017, Moacir Bianchi, one of

1431-1084: The UK. They celebrate and support the Protestant history of both Rangers and Scotland. Block Seven are a supporters group that support Hibernian FC , the Gorgie Ultras support rivals, Heart of Midlothian FC . In England, there are ultras groups at, Colchester United known as the BWA (Blue and White Army), Hartlepool United known as the NWC, Middlesbrough F.C. (Red Faction), Norwich City (City Elite), Crystal Palace F.C. ( Holmesdale Fanatics ), Ipswich Town F.C. (Blue Action), Leicester City F.C. (Union FS), Huddersfield Town F.C. (Cowshed Loyal), and Stockport County (Hatters 83), Bristol City (Section 82), Arsenal (Ashburton Army) Several non-league football teams in England have ultras groups that are left-wing, such as

1484-421: The alliance between Young Flu (Fluminense) Fúria Independente Guarani and Fúria Independente Paraná also have their touching fists symbol. Players for both teams, especially from Flamengo and São Paulo, are known to represent these 'expressions' after scoring a goal on the pitch, driving the hard-core fans crazy with pride. Depending on the club the Torcidas Organizadas can have a certain level of influence in

1537-546: The beginning of the 1980s and 1990s (in the Jovem Fla-Independente case), has been theme for songs and ovations whenever these two teams meet or whenever they meet each other's rivals. They proudly sing that each one of them is unified with another hard-core group of supporters. With this, two opposite mobs of national unified groups were created. Within these unions it is normal that the supporters exchange shirts, caps, and other articles; therefore for example it

1590-481: The beginning the torcida organizada movement was fragmentary, but would later consolidate into larger bodies or leagues. Some torcidas would open branches throughout the country to support their teams playing away, given the national range of their supporters. "Torcidas organizadas" later became infamous for their association with stadium violence, which would cause Justice to disband some of them (notably Gaviões da Fiel , Mancha Verde and Torcida Independente , both

1643-562: The confines and politically within the clubs; notably Gaviões da Fiel have a considerable amount of power in Corinthians as do their rivals Mancha Verde in Palmeiras ; who were single-handedly responsible for the demise of players like Vagner Love and Diego Souza to move on to other clubs. Yet Torcida Independente have little to no influence over São Paulo FC . The Brazilian influence stretched into Europe through Torcida Split ,

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1696-512: The curva and its inhabitants on match days. Ultras groups within a curva often benefit from this degree of relative uniformity, when there are issues regarding supporters' rights and the commercialisation of sports and football in particular. India [1] (in Russian) Ultras Ultras are a type of association football fans who are known for their fanatical support . The term originated in Italy, but

1749-403: The fans of Dulwich Hamlet F.C. who have a group called The Rabble. A Vice article claims Casuals United are at war with anti-fascist football ultras. In Early 2022, a Norwich City supporters group was formed known as City Elite. They have grown to become one of the leading fan groups at the club. After many set backs with the club they have now been approached by the club to help with

1802-547: The fans' behavior is that it can help the team gather strength to beat the opponent. Although their main and explicit objective is to support their clubs, torcidas are also linked with several incidents of hooliganism and football violence . The name is based on the Portuguese verb torcer , which means "to wring" or "to twist"; the definition shifted to "to root for" after wringing scarfs became an emotional outlet for female Brazilian spectators attending football matches in

1855-508: The first torcida organizada was formed (although these groups began to focus on violence in the 1970s). Inspired by the torcidas and the colourful scenes of the 1950 World Cup , supporters of Hajduk Split formed Torcida Split on 28 October 1950. The group is often cited as the oldest torcida style group in Europe. But the first supporters' groups in the world formed to produce violence were barras bravas , originated in Argentina in

1908-1154: The first ultras groups in the Netherlands were formed in the 1970s by fans of Feyenoord they called themselves S.C.F. Hooligans . After S.C.F. Hooligans were formed many other ultras groups started forming such as AFC Ajax ( F-side ) FC Utrecht (Bunnikside) ADO Den Haag (north side) De Graafschap (Brigata Tifosi) FC Twente (Vak-P) FC Groningen (Z-Side). Most clubs in Belgium have an ultra-group, such as Sporting Charleroi (Storm Ultras 2001), Sint-Truidense V.V. (Brigada Hesbania), KRC Genk (Drughi Genk), RSC Anderlecht (Mauves Army 2003) Standard Liège (Ultras Inferno 1996) Several clubs in Luxembourg have an ultras group, such as FC Differdange 03 (UD45), Jeunesse Esch (Ultras Esch), Avenir Beggen (Ultras Beggen), Luxembourg national football team (M-Block) People in Bosnia and Herzegovina are known for their national ultras group BHFanaticos . Also, they have

1961-475: The founders of Palmeiras ' torcida organizada Mancha Verde, was murdered by a member of the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) as he attempted to mediate and prevent a hostile takeover by a PCC-backed faction. Teams active over a wider range on national and international field have come to experience historical clashes that created fierce rivals, as well as close and loyal allies. An example for this

2014-465: The majority of matches attended by ultras conclude with no violent incidents. Unlike hooligan firms , whose main aim is to fight hooligans of other clubs, the main focus of ultras is generally to support their own team. Some hooligans try to be inconspicuous when they travel; usually not wearing team colours, to avoid detection by the police. Within the ultra or hooligan culture however, those dressing to "blend in" would be referred to as casuals , which

2067-450: The middle of the crowd. However, it is quite common for torcidas to ask for a substitution, generally just by chanting the name of the player they wish to see playing. Although some believe such practice seems to diminish the other players' efforts, this situation is quite common in stadiums. Some Brazilian Torcidas have organized themselves in a manner that resemble more like barra bravas or European ultras. Most notably, Geral do Grêmio -

2120-479: The most dedicated ultras groups in Europe, Delije is a collective name for supporters of various groups that are a part of the Red Star Belgrade multi-sport club. They attend every match, and usually do choreographies and shout chants, with many subgroups present on the stadium as well. FK Partizan , have a ultras group of their own named Grobari (Gravediggers).They generally support all clubs within

2173-520: The new safe standing plans and they hope to be given a singing section within the Barclay. In late 2022, an Arsenal F.C. supporters group called "Ashburton Army" gained prominence, taking their name from Ashburton Grove, an historic road upon which the team's Emirates Stadium was built. In 2024, following the inception of the group and a subsequent meeting with club officials, an Aston Villa F.C. supporters group called "1897 Group" were allocated

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2226-545: The opposing players and their supporters. These groups also commonly organise trips to attend away games . Ultras groups have been responsible for many cases of football hooliganism and violence, although differently from hooligan firms , ultras do not have the explicit objective of fighting other fans. Ultras groups are also in some cases directly linked to ideologies like neo-Nazism and other forms of far-right politics , and sometimes far-left politics . In some instances, hooliganism and/or this politicisation goes to

2279-614: The point where support for their team is relegated to a secondary feature of the phenomenon. In recent decades, the culture has become a focal point for the movement against the commercialisation of sports and football in particular. Ultras also have regional variants and analogues, such as casuals in the United Kingdom , barra bravas in Hispanic America , and torcidas organizadas in Brazil . The origin of

2332-465: The same vein as barras bravas in the rest of Latin America , hooligan firms in United Kingdom and ultras in the rest of Europe , North America , Asia , Australia and North Africa . The torcidas are characterized by forming associations looking for the best way to support the team with flags, football chants , mosaics and performances inside and outside the stadium. The rationale for

2385-434: The team manager or the team president, in order to express their dissatisfaction with recent decisions or even long-standing unfulfilled promises. As for what concerns the players, the torcidas usually try not to point out a player who is not putting all of his best efforts to work. As matter of fact, many supporters who belong to torcidas cannot stand anyone around them criticizing the players, which often results in brawls in

2438-406: The time, usually the anthem of the club or songs that are known even to those that are not part of a torcida . These songs are usually played along with drum beats and other musical instruments, although most are not allowed inside the stadiums. Other significant differences are the enormous flags that are made and expected by everyone in the stadiums. The torcidas usually display a team logo, or even

2491-523: The top and most hard-core firms and active in one of the largest cities in the world: São Paulo ). Some clubs would also be plagued by rival torcidas which would battle each other as well as the opponents. A notable incident of violence was the "Battle of Pacaembu" in 1995. When the U-20 "Supercopa Junior" tournament finals between Palmeiras and São Paulo FC at the Pacaembu Stadium ended with

2544-543: The ultra culture with the formation of the Wisła Sharks and Cracovia Jude Gang groups, the former often regarded in Poland as the first full-fledged ultras group. With intimidating and non-stop chanting, they've made their presence felt in the stands. Modern hooligans try to be inconspicuous when they enter the stadium; usually not wearing team colours, to avoid detection by the police and PZPN officials. Spanish ultraism

2597-482: The ultras became more apparent, in contrast with the "traditional" culture, choreographic displays, signature banners and symbols, giant flags, drums and fireworks became the norm as groups aimed to take their support to higher levels. The decade also saw the violence and unrest of Italian society at the time overlap with the ultras movement, adding a dimension that has plagued it ever since. The ultras movement spread across Europe, Australia, Asia and North Africa during

2650-459: The ultras movement is disputed, with many supporters groups from various countries making claims solely on the basis of their dates of foundation. The level of dispute and confusion is aided by a contemporary tendency (mainly in Europe) to categorise all groups of overtly fanatical supporters as ultras. Supporters groups of a nature comparable to the ultras have been present in Brazil since 1939, when

2703-1082: Was the "Charanga Rubro-Negra" ( Flamengo ), created in 1942. Later, such associations became permanent, and were legally formalized as nonprofit recreational associations with the primary goal of providing a better spectacle at the stadium and surroundings. Some of the noteworthy torcidas organizadas from this time were: Torcida Jovem Fla and Raça Rubro-Negra ( Flamengo ), Gaviões da Fiel ( Corinthians ), Torcida Independente and Dragões da Real ( São Paulo FC ), Mancha Verde ( Palmeiras ), Força Jovem Vasco ( Vasco da Gama ), Máfia Azul ( Cruzeiro ), Galoucura ( Atlético Mineiro ), Torcida Jovem do Santos ( Santos FC ), Young Flu ( Fluminense ), Fúria Jovem do Botafogo ( Botafogo ), Bamor ( Esporte Clube Bahia ), Torcida Jovem do Sport ( Sport Club do Recife ), Os Imbatíveis ( Esporte Clube Vitória ), Inferno Coral ( Santa Cruz Futebol Clube ), Os Fanáticos ( Clube Atlético Paranaense ), Império Alviverde ( Coritiba Foot Ball Club ), Garra Alvinegra ( ABC Futebol Clube ), Máfia Vermelha ( América de Natal ). In

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2756-831: Was ultimately ejected from the stadium and the game resumed, which was won by Sønderjyske . Several groups exist in Rep. of Ireland, as follows: Shamrock Rovers - SRFC Ultras St Patrick's Athletic - Shed End Invincibles Drogheda United - Famous 45 Ultras Dundalk FC - Shed Side Army Bohemian FC - Notorious Boo Boys Galway United F.C. - maroon army Waterford FC - Block E Boys Finn Harps FC - Ballybofey brigade Sligo Rovers - Forza Rovers The ultras scene in Northern Ireland

2809-612: Was used as a name for the first time in 1969, when supporters of Sampdoria formed the Ultras Tito Cucchiaroni and fans of Torino formed the Ultras Granata. The style of support that would become synonymous with Italian football developed most during the 1970s, as more groups formed, including the radical S.S. Lazio Ultras in 1974, with a strong predominance of fascist slogans and chants amongst other groups such as Hellas Verona supporters. The active support of

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