Cyanogen is the chemical compound with the formula ( C N ) 2 . The simplest stable carbon nitride , it is a colorless and highly toxic gas with a pungent odor . The molecule is a pseudohalogen . Cyanogen molecules consist of two CN groups ‒ analogous to diatomic halogen molecules, such as Cl 2 , but far less oxidizing. The two cyano groups are bonded together at their carbon atoms: N≡C‒C≡N, though other isomers have been detected. The name is also used for the CN radical, and hence is used for compounds such as cyanogen bromide (NCBr) (but see also Cyano radical ). When burned at increased pressure with oxygen, it is possible to get a blue tinted flame, the temperature of which is about 4800°C (a higher temperature is possible with ozone). It is as such regarded as the gas with the second highest temperature of burning (after dicyanoacetylene ).
27-460: Cyanogen is the anhydride of oxamide : though oxamide is manufactured from cyanogen by hydrolysis: Cyanogen is typically generated from cyanide compounds. One laboratory method entails thermal decomposition of mercuric cyanide : Or, one can combine solutions of copper(II) salts (such as copper(II) sulfate ) with cyanides; an unstable copper(II) cyanide is formed which rapidly decomposes into copper(I) cyanide and cyanogen. Industrially, it
54-490: A SWAT team to raid the location, which proves to be an ordinary milk factory; the chemicals and gas-making equipment are actually hidden next door. With no further leads to follow, Streebek tags along on a birthday dinner at the Brown Derby for Friday and his grandmother, and Connie soon joins them at Friday's invitation. During dinner, Connie sees Whirley, Gannon and Kirkpatrick at another table. She identifies Whirley as
81-509: A police jet and forces him to land. Whirley is convicted on multiple charges and received "43 consecutive 99-year sentences" (despite being eligible for parole in seven years) in the Men's Correctional Institute in Chino. Kirkpatrick's fate is never given, though the exposure of her criminal activity means the end of her career. Friday continues his partnership with Streebek and begins dating Connie, who
108-405: A rock/hip-hop hybrid collaboration performed by Aykroyd and Hanks with bassist/vocalist Glenn Hughes and guitarist Pat Thrall . The track is played over the film's closing credits and had a promotional music video that featured Aykroyd and Hanks and was choreographed by Paula Abdul . The film received favorable reviews from Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert on their program Siskel and Ebert and
135-468: A series of bizarre thefts. One of the stolen items is the entire print run of Bait , a pornographic magazine published by Jerry Caesar. The Reverend Jonathan Whirley has been leading a moral crusade against Caesar's business. The trail leads Friday and Streebek to a cult calling itself P.A.G.A.N., an acronym for "People Against Goodness and Normalcy." They focus on member Emil Muzz, who also works as Caesar's limousine driver. Under interrogation, Muzz reveals
162-512: Is CNNC, and diazodicarbon is CCNN. Paracyanogen is a polymer of cyanogen. It can be best prepared by heating mercury(II) cyanide . It can also be prepared by heating silver cyanide , silver cyanate , cyanogen iodide or cyanuric iodide. It can also be prepared by the polymerization of cyanogen at 300 to 500 °C (572 to 932 °F) in the presence of trace impurities. Paracyanogen can also be converted back to cyanogen by heating to 800 °C (1,470 °F). Based on experimental evidence,
189-415: Is created by the oxidation of hydrogen cyanide , usually using chlorine over an activated silicon dioxide catalyst or nitrogen dioxide over a copper salt. It is also formed when nitrogen and acetylene are reacted by an electrical spark or discharge. Cyanogen is NCCN. There are less stable isomers in which the order of the atoms differs. Isocyanogen (or cyanoisocyanogen) is NCNC, diisocyanogen
216-460: Is no longer called "the virgin" by Friday. The script for Dragnet was written by Dan Aykroyd and Alan Zweibel, who had worked together during Aykroyd's tenure on Saturday Night Live . Aykroyd had in fact starred as Friday in a Saturday Night Live parody of Dragnet in 1976. Tom Mankiewicz , best known for his work on Superman and the James Bond series, had a deal at Universal and
243-509: Is removed from two equivalents of an organic acid in a dehydration reaction . In inorganic chemistry , an acid anhydride refers to an acidic oxide , an oxide that reacts with water to form an oxyacid (an inorganic acid that contains oxygen or carbonic acid ), or with a base to form a salt . Dragnet (1987 film) Dragnet is a 1987 American buddy cop comedy film directed and co-written by Tom Mankiewicz in his directorial debut. Starring Dan Aykroyd and Tom Hanks ,
270-457: Is too clumsy and inconsistent to honor its classic source material." Metacritic , which uses a weighted average , assigned the film a score of 62 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews. Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale. Dragnet performed well at the box office, grossing $ 57.4 million domestically with an additional $ 9.3 million internationally, for
297-471: The Griffith Observatory , where Whirley reveals to them his plan to kill Caesar at a reunion party for the models of Bait . He has his men take Connie to his private jet and prepares to kill Friday, but Streebek arrives just in time, having forced Muzz to reveal Friday's whereabouts at gunpoint. Streebek infiltrates Caesar's mansion and disrupts the P.A.G.A.N. plans to release the gas made from
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#1732775639813324-429: The cytochrome c oxidase complex, thus interrupting the mitochondrial electron transfer chain . Cyanogen gas is an irritant to the eyes and respiratory system. Inhalation can lead to headache, dizziness, rapid pulse, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions, and death, depending on exposure. Lethal dose through inhalation typically ranges from 100 to 150 milligrams (1.5 to 2.3 grains ). Cyanogen produces
351-498: The 1967–70 television revival and 1966 television film as Bill Gannon, the original Friday's partner, now a captain and Friday and Streebek's boss. LAPD Sergeant Joe Friday's nephew and namesake, whose anachronistic views reflect those of his late uncle, is involuntarily assigned a cocky, streetwise new partner, Pep Streebek. Their contrasting styles clash at first, with Friday disapproving of Streebek's attitude, hairstyle, and wardrobe. However, they start to bond while investigating
378-545: The Movies . Siskel praised Aykroyd's performance in particular, going so far as to say he deserved an Academy Award nomination. Ebert extended this praise to the ensemble cast, although he lamented the lack of stylized camera shots from the original television show and criticized the use of contemporary pop music. Siskel concluded that "they didn't have enough confidence in the material that they had to try and hook kids in with some disco thing." In his written review, Ebert gave
405-576: The P.A.G.A.N. leader; she came face to face with him and removed his mask while fleeing the ritual. Friday attempts to arrest Whirley, but the corrupt Kirkpatrick, whose mayoral campaign is being secretly bankrolled by Whirley and Caesar, overrules him and relieves him of duty (all crimes of the P.A.G.A.N. cult had been part of Kirkpatrick's campaign, as an elevated crime rate would discredit the current mayor). Gannon reluctantly suspends Friday from duty and orders Streebek to stay away from Whirley. As Friday takes Connie home, Muzz captures them and takes them to
432-483: The brain of Morbius's body. In Dragnet (1987) Friday (Dan Aykroyd) and Streebek (Tom Hanks) are tracking down the villain who stole "the pseudohalogenic compound cyanogen". Anhydride An acid anhydride is a type of chemical compound derived by the removal of water molecules from an acid . In organic chemistry , organic acid anhydrides contain the functional group −C(=O)−O−C(=O)− . Organic acid anhydrides often form when one equivalent of water
459-541: The comet's tail, which led to public fear that the Earth would be poisoned as it passed through the tail. People in New York wore gas masks, and merchants sold quack "comet pills" claimed to neutralize poisoning. Because of the extremely diffuse nature of the tail, there was no effect when the planet passed through it. Like other cyanides , cyanogen is very toxic, as it readily undergoes reduction to cyanide, which poisons
486-426: The film is based on the radio and television crime drama of the same name . The screenplay, both a parody of and homage to the long-running television series, was written by Aykroyd, Mankiewicz, and Alan Zweibel . The original music score is by Ira Newborn . Aykroyd plays Joe Friday (nephew of the original series protagonist) while Hanks plays Pep Streebek, his new partner. Harry Morgan reprises his role from
513-480: The incident to their boss Captain Bill Gannon. However, when Gannon and Police Commissioner Jane Kirkpatrick (who is running for mayor) visit the site with them the next day, no evidence of the ritual can be found. Kirkpatrick removes Friday and Streebek from the case. Streebek gets a tip on the whereabouts of a load of chemicals stolen by P.A.G.A.N. that can be used to mass-produce a toxic gas. He and Friday lead
540-606: The movie three out of four stars, concluding that "it is great for an hour, good for about 25 minutes and then heads doggedly for the Standard 1980s High Tech Hollywood Ending, which means an expensive chase scene and a shootout." He also added that he felt the film would have been more effective in black and white. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , 50% of 36 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 5.2/10. The website's consensus reads: "While it's sporadically funny and certainly well-cast, Dragnet
567-513: The second-hottest-known natural flame (after dicyanoacetylene aka carbon subnitride) with a temperature of over 4,525 °C (8,177 °F) when it burns in oxygen. In the Doctor Who serial " The Brain of Morbius " (the 5th serial of season 13), the Doctor synthesizes cyanogen using hydrogen cyanide as a starting material and vents it through a pipe to stop Solon from performing surgery on
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#1732775639813594-527: The stolen chemicals, just before Whirley sets fire to the stolen magazines to cover his escape. Gannon arrives with SWAT teams and Friday crashes the estate gates with an armored vehicle. Streebek personally arrests Muzz while Friday is thanked for stopping the gas attack by a grateful Caesar. Gannon reinstates Friday and returns his badge so he can pursue Whirley. At the airport, Whirley meets Kirkpatrick and then abandons her and takes off with Connie as his hostage. The following morning, Friday catches up to him in
621-472: The structure of this polymeric material is thought to be rather irregular, with most of the carbon atoms being of sp type and localized domains of π conjugation . Cyanogen was first synthesized in 1815 by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac , who determined its empirical formula and named it. Gay-Lussac coined the word "cyanogène" from the Greek words κυανός (kyanos, blue) and γεννάω (gennao, to create), because cyanide
648-477: The time and place of a secret ceremony. Friday and Streebek sneak in, disguised as members, and witness a masked leader using several of the stolen items in a ritual leading up to a virgin sacrifice. The leader throws the victim, Connie Swail (referred to as "the virgin Connie Swail"), into a pit of water with an anaconda. Friday and Streebek disrupt the ritual, saving Connie and subduing the snake, and report
675-411: Was brought in to work on the film script with them. Ted Kotcheff was originally attached to direct but did not like the draft the three writers had come up with, so Frank Price at Universal suggested Mankiewicz himself direct. Albert Brooks was offered the role of Pep Streebek, but he turned it down. Aykroyd originally wanted Jim Belushi to play Streebek, but Belushi was unavailable and Tom Hanks
702-485: Was cast instead. British electronic group Art of Noise produced an update of the series' original theme music for the title credits. They set the Dragnet theme against an electronic breakbeat and added soundbites from the film, such as Friday's trademark lines "This is the city", "Just the facts, ma'am", and "I carry a badge.", timed to the music. The soundtrack includes an original song called " City of Crime ",
729-450: Was first isolated by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele from the pigment Prussian blue . It attained importance with the growth of the fertilizer industry in the late 19th century and remains an important intermediate in the production of many fertilizers. It is also used as a stabilizer in the production of nitrocellulose . Cyanogen is commonly found in comets . In 1910 a spectroscopic analysis of Halley's Comet found cyanogen in
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