21-630: See text The Cyclopteridae are a family of marine fishes, commonly known as lumpsuckers or lumpfish , in the order Scorpaeniformes . They are found in the cold waters of the Arctic , North Atlantic , and North Pacific oceans. The greatest number of species are found in the North Pacific. The family name Cyclopteridae derives from the Greek words κύκλος (kyklos), meaning "circle", and πτέρυξ (pteryx), meaning "wing" or "fin", in reference to
42-729: A range around the rim of the North Pacific Ocean , from the Yellow Sea to the Bering Strait , along the Aleutian Islands , and south to about Los Angeles , down to depths of 900 m (3,000 ft; 500 fathoms). It may grow up to 1 m (40 in) in length and weigh up to 15 kg (33 lb). It is found in huge schools. Molecular genetic analyses strongly suggest that Pacific cod and Greenland cod ( Gadus ogac ) from Greenland–Arctic Ocean are
63-450: Is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Gadidae . It is a bottom-dwelling fish found in the northern Pacific Ocean , mainly on the continental shelf and upper slopes , to depths of about 900 m (3,000 ft). It can grow to a length of a meter or so and is found in large schools . It is an important commercial food species and is also known as gray cod or grey cod , and grayfish or greyfish . Fishing for this species
84-513: Is absent. In terms of length, lumpsuckers range in size from 2 cm (0.79 in) in the case of Eumicrotremus awae up to more than 50 cm (1 ft 8 in) in the case of the common lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus . As their appearance might suggest, lumpsuckers are poor swimmers. Most species are benthic ; that is, they spend most of their time on or near the bottom. The fish are found on rocky or muddy substrates, where their colouration allows for effective camouflage . Members of
105-472: Is completely absorbed, juvenile lumpsuckers consume the larvae of crustaceans , which grow on seaweed near the surface, and smaller halacarid mites. Juveniles consume larger harpacticoids and isopods after they have absorbed their yolk. Lumpsuckers are a poorly studied group, with little known of their behaviour and biology. At least some species are known to travel great distances in order to spawn in shallow, intertidal waters (from December to June in
126-427: Is completely overgrown with skin and therefore not visible. While the lateral line in lumpsuckers is otherwise reduced or absent, it is well developed in the head; some species even have tubular, whisker-like external projections of the opercular canal , which is a part of the cranial lateral line system. The relatively small mouths of lumpsuckers are lined with narrow rows of small conical teeth. The gas bladder
147-586: Is regulated with quotas being allotted for hook and line fishing , pots , and bottom trawls . Fossils have been found in Canada near a Steller Sea lion fossil dating to the Pleistocene. It has three separate dorsal fins , and the catfish -like whiskers on its lower jaw. In appearance, it is similar to the Atlantic cod . A bottom dweller, it is found mainly along the continental shelf and upper slopes with
168-591: The Scleroparei . It is one of the five largest orders of bony fishes by number of species, with over 1,320. They are known as "mail-cheeked" fishes due to their distinguishing characteristic, the suborbital stay: a backwards extension of the third circumorbital bone (part of the lateral head/cheek skeleton, below the eye socket) across the cheek to the pre operculum , to which it is connected in most species. Scorpaeniform fishes are carnivorous , mostly feeding on crustaceans and on smaller fish. Most species live on
189-601: The skilfish ( Erilepis zonifer ), which can reach 183 cm (6.00 ft) in total length . One of the suborders of the Scorpaeniformes is the Scorpaenoidei . This suborder is usually found in the benthic zone, which is the lowest region of any water body like oceans or lakes. There are two groups of the Scorpaenoidei. The sea robins is the first, which are further classified into two families:
210-602: The Order Perciformes as the suborders Scorpaenoidei, Platycephaloidei, Triglioidei and Cottoidei, Cottodei including the infraorders Anoplopomatales, Zoarcales, Gasterosteales, Zaniolepidoales, Hexagrammales and Cottales. These infraorders largely correspond with the superfamilies in the Cottoidei set out in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World. Pacific cod The Pacific cod ( Gadus macrocephalus )
231-461: The Pacific cod quota is split among fisheries that use hook and line gear, pots, and bottom trawls. The Salish Sea population of Pacific cod is a U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Species of Concern , one of those species about which the U.S. government's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has some concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information
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#1732773018980252-414: The circle-shaped pectoral fins of most of the fish in this family. Cyclopteridae includes the following valid genera: Lumpsuckers are named appropriately enough; their portly bodies are nearly spherical with generally drab coloration and lithic patterns. The "sucker" part refers to the fish's modified pelvic fins , which have evolved into adhesive discs (located ventrally, behind the pectoral fins);
273-462: The family are found primarily on the continental shelf or slope , at depths down to 1,700 m (5,600 ft). Some of the deeper-living species are however pelagic , remaining some distance above the ocean floor. Benthic species feed on sessile invertebrates such as polychaete worms, crustaceans and mollusks . Pelagic species target prey they are capable of overtaking, namely slow-moving jellyfish and ctenophores . Before their yolk
294-399: The fish use these discs to adhere to the substrate . Many species have bony, wart-like tubercles adorning the head and body; these are important taxonomic features of the family. The simple, rounded fins are small with the exception of the broad, fan-like pectorals, which actually extend ventrally. The first of the two dorsal fins is spinous, with 4–8 spines; in some species, this fin
315-484: The fish use to cling to rocks in shallow water. Young fish remain in shallow, warmer water until fully developed. Pacific cod and sablefish are known predators of lumpsuckers. The only species that is targeted commercially is Cyclopterus lumpus , which is targeted primarily for its roe in Canada, Greenland, Iceland, and Norway, and to a lesser extent in Denmark and Sweden. Cyclopterus lumpus are also caught from
336-637: The same species and that G. ogac should be a junior synonym of G. macrocephalus . Today, ITIS and the Catalogue of Life list Gadus ogac as synonym of G. macrocephalus . In the Northeast Pacific catches of Pacific cod by the United States trawl fishery and joint-venture fisheries increased from less than 1,000 tonnes in 1979 to nearly 91,000 tonnes in 1984 and reached 430,196 tonnes in 1995. Today, catches are tightly regulated and
357-441: The sea bottom in relatively shallow waters, although species are known from deep water, from the midwater, and even from fresh water. They typically have spiny heads, and rounded pectoral and caudal fins . Most species are less than 30 cm (12 in) in length, but the full size range of the order varies from the velvetfishes belonging to the family Aploactinidae, which can be just 2 cm (0.79 in) long as adults, to
378-427: The sea robins and the armored sea robins. One significant difference between the two families of sea robins is the presence of spine-bearing plate on the armored sea robins which is absent in the sea robins family. The second group of the Scorpaenoidei suborder is the scorpionfishes, which according to Minouri Ishida's work in 1994 and recent studies, have twelve families. The scorpionfishes are very dynamic in size with
399-428: The smallest one having a range of 2–3 cm, while the largest have a length of approximately 100 cm. The division of Scorpaeniformes into families is not settled; accounts range from 26 to 35 families. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the order as follows: Order Scorpaeniformes This classification is not settled, however, and some authorities classify these groupings largely within
420-507: The smooth lumpsucker); this may well be true of all species. Males are also known to guard the brood of spherical eggs. One of the peculiarities of Lumpsuckers' neural system is that they lack Mauthner cell neurons in their hindbrain , while these cells are present in virtually all other teleost fish. Nevertheless, the lumpsuckers do have a C-startle response, which is apparently mediated by other hindbrain cells. Hatchlings have well-developed pectoral fins and adhesive pelvic discs, which
441-422: The wild to provide broodstock for the aquaculture industry where the fish is used as a cleaner fish to remove sea lice in salmon aquaculture . There are about 30 species in eight genera: Scorpaeniformes see text The Scorpaeniformes / s k ɔːr ˈ p iː n ɪ f ɔːr m iː z / are a diverse order of ray-finned fish , including the lionfishes and sculpins, but have also been called
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