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35-823: Scouting was officially founded in Cyprus in 1913 by N. K. Lanitis and Nikos Nikolaides , with the assistance of the United Kingdom . In 1980, Savvas Kokkinides was awarded the Bronze Wolf , the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement , awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. The Cyprus Scouts Association is open to all boys and girls including those stationed at

70-515: A combination of the original Demotic and the traditional Katharevousa as stressed in the 19th century, also with institutional input from Koine Greek. Among Katharevousa's later contributions are the promotion of classically based compounds to describe items and concepts that did not exist in earlier times, such as "newspaper", "police", "automobile", "aeroplane" and "television", rather than borrowing new words directly from other languages. Katharevousa (Greek: Καθαρεύουσα ) means 'cleansing, purifying',

105-675: A distinctive personal style that established his reputation in literary circles in Egypt and Athens. Nicolaides spent 1915–19 in Athens, where he mixed with a number of other writers, particularly young men of his age group: Nikos Kanzantzakis , Kostas Varnalis , M. Avgeris, Takis Papatsonis, Kostas Karyotakis , Tellos Agras , Cleon Paraschos, and also Nausica Palamas, the daughter of Kostis Palamas . Later he would dedicate some of his works to them, and also to Eva Sikelianos. Gradually he established himself in literary circles and become recognised as

140-533: A first-rate prose writer of the younger generation. Many in fact saw him as the leading one. A number of contemporary periodicals sought contributions from him. Some of his short stories made great impressions: "O Σκέλεθρας" (The Skeleton), "To Μυστικό" (The Secret), "Η Κούκλα" (The doll), "Oι Υπηρέτες" (The Servants), and "Μεταθάνατο" (After death). Vlasis Gavriilidis hailed him in heavy type in his paper Akropolis as "this outstanding prose writer". But in May 1919, at

175-601: A leading part in various artistic and other endeavours within the Greek community. Nicolaides died in Cairo on 24 February 1956. Katharevousa Katharevousa ( Greek : Καθαρεύουσα , pronounced [kaθaˈrevusa] , literally "purifying [language]") is a conservative form of the Modern Greek language conceived in the late 18th century as both a literary language and a compromise between Ancient Greek and

210-443: A strong artistic bent and interested in the pursuit of social justice and direct political action. These included Stratis Tsirkas, Theodosis Pierides, George Philippou Pierides , George Demos, Lambis Rappas, Stavros Karakasis and others. Some of these were to go on to achieve a pan-Hellenic reputation. Nicolaides' literary and artistic workshop gave a significant impetus to this evolution. Nicolaides' relationships and contacts with

245-427: A third career (literature being his prime interest and painting second), in which he engaged at various times throughout his life in various capacities—as author, researcher, producer, scene-painter, actor and even, on at least one occasion, accompanist. In July 1908, Nicolaides left Athens for Alexandria , and subsequently Cairo . From then until 1915 he moved between the three cities, with frequent trips elsewhere in

280-440: Is in a work by the Greek polymath Nikephoros Theotokis , in 1796. Katharevousa was widely used in public documents and whatever was conceived as work of formal activity by Greek scholars. The name Katharevousa implies a pure form of Greek as it might hypothetically have evolved from ancient Greek without external influences, while in its modern connotation the word has come to mean "formal language". In later years, Katharevousa

315-408: Is loyal to his country, his Scouters, his parents, his employers and those under him 3. A Scout’s duty is to be useful and to help others 4. A Scout is a friend to all and a brother to every other Scout 5. A Scout is courteous 6. A Scout protects wildlife and forests 7. A Scout obeys the orders of his parents, Patrol Leader, or Scoutmaster without question 8. A Scout has a sense of humour and

350-485: Is optimistic in all difficulties 9. A Scout is thrifty Nikos Nikolaides Nicos Nicolaides ( Greek : Νίκος Νικολαΐδης ; 1884–1956) was a Greek Cypriot painter and writer. Nicolaides was born the son of poor parents in Nicosia , Cyprus , on 3 April 1884. A sister, Maria, followed him two years later. He was only six or seven when their parents died, one after another. Their maternal aunt took charge of

385-1136: Is Έσo έτοιμος, Be Prepared in Greek . The membership badge of the Cyprus Scouts Association incorporates the copper-yellow and green national colors, as well as the olive branches of the coat of arms and the flag of Cyprus . να εκτελώ το καθήκον μου στο Θεό και την Πατρίδα να βοηθώ κάθε άνθρωπο σε κάθε περίσταση και to do my duty to God and my country, help other 2. Ο Πρόσκοπος είναι δίκαιος, άξιος να τον εμπιστεύονται, ξέρει να πειθαρχεί και να τηρεί τους Νόμους. 3. Ο Πρόσκοπος είναι χρήσιμος στην οικογένειά του και την κοινωνία. 4. Ο Πρόσκοπος είναι φίλος κι ευγενής προς όλους κι αδελφός με κάθε Πρόσκοπο. 5. Ο Πρόσκοπος σέβεται τον εαυτό του και τους άλλους, προσέχει τα λόγια και τις πράξεις του. 6. Ο Πρόσκοπος αγαπά τη φύση και προστατεύει το περιβάλλον. 7. Ο Πρόσκοπος είναι εύθυμος και αισιόδοξος. 8. Ο Πρόσκοπος είναι οικονόμος και φροντίζει για την καλή χρήση του χρόνου. 9. Ο Πρόσκοπος είναι εργατικός και προοδεύει με τις ικανότητές του. 2. A Scout

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420-739: The Athens Polytechnic . At the same time he started writing to Γαλάζιο Λουλούδι (the Blue Flower) under the influence of Maurice Maeterlinck and the Symbolist movement, then spreading among contemporary dramatists. Nicolaides was able to extend his experience of theatre (he had already had an introduction through attending performances given in Cyprus by visiting Athenian companies) when he became acquainted with Christomanos and theatrical circles in Athens. A few years later he would be lecturing on Ibsen . The art of theatre became for him

455-469: The Byzantine Empire were almost always written in conservative literary Greek. Examples of texts written in vernacular Greek prior to the 13th century are very rare. It can be argued that the establishment of Katharevousa was an official declaration and standardization of the conservative form of Greek, which had already existed in one way or another. The first known use of the term Katharevousa

490-719: The Cairo Opera House and elsewhere and with amateur companies drawn from the Greek community . He painted. He gave painting lessons and exhibited in art exhibitions. He designed pavilions for the Gezira Exhibition Grounds at Cairo. He sketched the famous Tower of Tsanaklis in the Egyptian desert. He participated actively in peace movement rallies and other events in the Greek community (in favour of democracy in Greece and independence for Cyprus). He took

525-506: The Eastern and Western Sovereign Base Areas . The Scouts are one of the oldest youth organizations on the island. Scouts have taken an active part in all aspects of social and cultural life. The Cyprus Scout Association takes an active part in national, regional and international Scout events. Cyprus was represented at the 19th World Jamboree in Chile by 36 Scouts and was also represented in

560-612: The Greek Enlightenment , he was repelled by the Byzantine and subsequent influence on Greek society, and was a fierce critic of the clergy and their alleged subservience to the Ottoman Empire . He held that education was a prerequisite to Greek liberation . Part of Katharevousa's purpose was to serve as a compromise solution for the struggle between the "archaists" demanding full reversion to archaic Greek, and

595-626: The Kingdom of Greece (for example Volos ), Continental Europe , and the Middle East . In 1914, he was interned by the Turks in Syria . Travel, changes of scene, perpetual restlessness in quest of new experiences were typical of him not only at this period but also practically all his life. In a Bohemian existence, he travelled on foot through nearly all the countries of Europe and a good many in

630-510: The polytonic system of writing for both Demotic and Katharevousa. Katharevousa was conceived by the intellectual and revolutionary leader Adamantios Korais (1748–1833). A graduate of the University of Montpellier , Korais spent most of his life as an expatriate in Paris. As a classical scholar credited with both laying the foundations of Modern Greek literature and a major figure in

665-625: The "cultural elite" in Alexandria were slight with Kavafis and his circle, but much closer with Timos Malakos, Maria Roussia, Alithersis—who had been his associate in Cyprus—and others. Contacts of every kind with his homeland continued undiminished. He visited Cyprus at intervals, contributed to Kypriaka Grammata (the Cypriot literary journal), published in Nicosia, corresponded with friends on

700-471: The "modernists". Although Katharevousa was introduced relatively recently, the concept of a conservative literary version of Greek had been present since the times of Koine Greek . There had always existed a tendency towards a state of diglossia between the Attic literary language and the constantly developing spoken Koine, which eventually evolved into Demotic Greek . Medieval Greek texts and documents of

735-588: The 21st World Scout Jamboree that took place in the UK. The Scouts of Cyprus have been working to assist with the refugee crisis caused by the 2006 Lebanon War . One of the Scout Centers is accommodating 106 children from Lebanon who had been separated from their families while fleeing the war-torn country. As the situation escalates, thousands of people are now arriving daily by sea at the ports of Larnaca and Limassol . [1] The Scout Motto ( Προσκοπικό ρητό )

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770-510: The Middle East and North Africa, usually sleeping in lodging houses provided for vagrants and eating food that had been discarded by restaurants. His health was undermined and he encountered various difficulties. His only income came from the sale of paintings, which he executed upon any kind of wooden panel that came to hand. Meanwhile, he was working on the composition of short stories and lyric prose. In those two genres, he rapidly developed

805-579: The brothers Banos, and George Fasouliotis. Alithersis had meanwhile left for Alexandria. Nicolaides' presence in Limassol stimulated a flowering of intellectual life and creativity. Within three years, he published three books (one volume of lyric prose, one of short stories, and a novel— Το Στραβόξυλο (The Peevish Fellow). He staged two tragedies with girl students of the school where he taught painting. He produced " tableaux vivants " with remarkable success. He put on an exhibition of his own paintings (possibly

840-400: The contemporary vernacular, Demotic Greek . Originally, it was widely used for both literary and official purposes, though sparingly in daily language. In the 20th century, it was increasingly adopted for official and formal purposes, until minister of education Georgios Rallis made Demotic Greek the official language of Greece in 1976, and in 1982 Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou abolished

875-595: The feminine present participle of the verb katharévo (Greek: καθαρεύω , pronounced [kaθaˈrevo] ). (The term is thus cognate with English catharsis .) The Church of Greece and other churches of the Greek Orthodox tradition still use Katharevousa in official communications. This is a text sample of Katharevousa from the Great Greek Encyclopedia , published in 1930. The text relates to Adamantios Korais 's relations with

910-507: The first such event in Cyprus). He gave private painting lessons and he undertook the artistic side of various events (such as flower festivals). Most important of all for Cyprus was the 1924 launch in Limassol (after he had left again for Egypt) of the island's first genuine literary periodical, Avge . Nicolaides and Alithersis from Egypt, and the other young people inspired by him, provided the nucleus for its contents. In 1923, disappointed at

945-683: The ground for his teacher by spreading publicity in his Limassol newspaper Aletheia (Truth). As soon as Nicolaides was back in Cyprus, he immediately published "The Blue flower" in Nicosia. But he found the intellectual climate there discouraging. He spent a few months in Stavrovouni Monastery , then moved on after some hesitation to Limassol . There he was welcomed by a band of enthusiastic young friends who were willing to campaign on behalf of art and literature, including Emilios Hourmouzios, Giannis Lefkis, Giangos Eliadis, Christodoulos Christodoulidis, Antonis Indianos, Dimitrios Demitriadis,

980-548: The island, and provided financial assistance to his sister and her two daughters, one of whom he enabled to study at Harokopeion College in Athens. However, he had little further contact with Athens. He did not distribute his books there, and as a result was more or less forgotten, although he was remembered by a few friends and admirers. Both in Alexandria and in Cairo, Nicolaides published several works: two volumes of short stories in Alexandria and three volumes of lyric prose and two novels in Cairo. He produced theatrical pieces in

1015-474: The limited impact of his books in Cyprus, Nicolaides had returned to Alexandria, where he produced, painted the scenery, and provided music for a performance of the play The Blue Flower . Finally, around 1924, he settled in Cairo, which was to be his home for the rest of his life, although he took various trips from there to satisfy his zest for change, more frequently when his means and his health permitted it, less frequently as he grew older. In Cairo he lived in

1050-503: The official language, and in 1982 Andreas Papandreou abolished the polytonic system of writing; by the end of the 20th century full Katharevousa in its earlier form had become obsolete. Much of the vocabulary of Katharevousa and its grammatical and syntactical rules have influenced the Demotic language, so that the project's emphasis has made an observable contribution to the language as it is used today. Modern Greek might be argued to be

1085-399: The peak of his literary fame, Nicolaides suddenly left Athens. He took up residence for the next four years in his homeland of Cyprus. His plan was to publish there the new works he had ready, and to promote the island's cultural life, making it a "land of the muses". Such at least is the testimony of a young compatriot, Glafkos Alithersis, who had returned to Cyprus before him and was preparing

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1120-465: The poor Arab quarters, where he associated with the lowest strata of the indigenous population. His intellectual and creative needs were satisfied both through his many-faceted work and through the society of a group of local Greeks who met on the premises of the sponge vendor and well known socialist Sakellaris Yiannikakis. Besides Yiannakakis himself and the lawyer Yiannis Lachovaris, the company consisted of young graduates of Cairo's Ambetions College with

1155-441: The two children. She, too, was not well off. When Nicos reached the fourth grade in the local primary school, he left to take a job in a bookbindery. But when the bookbinder dismissed him for spending more time reading the books than binding them, he took refuge with an icon -painter. Once he had learned the craft, his reputation spread throughout Cyprus as a professional painter of icons. Some paintings he did in 1904 still survive in

1190-600: The villages of the Pitsillia region. In 1907 Nicolaides left Cyprus for Athens . In his baggage he took with him his first literary exercises (in poetry and prose) written in formal katharevousa Greek. Several of them were to appear in the following year in the Athenian publication A.O.D.O. ( Apo Ola dia Olous – From All for All). While in Athens he studied for six months at the Fine Arts Department of

1225-406: Was used for official and formal purposes (such as politics, letters, official documents, and newscasting), while Demotic Greek ( δημοτική , dimotikí ), or popular Greek, was the daily language. This created a diglossic situation whereby most of the Greek population was excluded from the public sphere and advancement in education unless they conformed to Katharevousa. In 1976, Demotic was made

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