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75-696: The party's program focuses on safeguarding of civil liberties from state or corporate power via government transparency and public participation in democratic decision making. It aims to achieve its agenda by enacting laws for political accountability , anti-corruption , lobbying transparency, tax avoidance prevention, simplifying of state bureaucracy through e-government , supporting small and medium-sized business , funding of local development , promotion of environmental protection , consumer protection and sustainability . The party also aims to reform laws on copyright , financial markets and banking, taxation of multinational corporations , and while it

150-588: A market town . In 1495, it was acquired by Vilém II of Pernštejn . During the rule of the Pernštejn family, Albrechtice lost its significance and the title of a market town. There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality. There are no protected cultural monuments in the municipality. The main landmark of Albrechtice nad Orlicí is the Church of Saint John the Baptist. Albrechtice nad Orlicí

225-576: A board of directors who is responsible for making disbursements from this fund. Finally, it required that all documents and records that are created or received by the commission be kept by the Archivist of the United States . Albrechtice nad Orlic%C3%AD Albrechtice nad Orlicí ( German : Albrechtsdorf an der Adler ) is a municipality and village in Rychnov nad Kněžnou District in

300-658: A clear majority in Mariánské Lázně , which resulted in Vojtěch Franta being elected as the party's first mayor. This city became the party's main stronghold outside Prague and its suburbs. In the 2016 Senate election , the Pirates won two additional seats in the Senate with Ladislav Kos and Renata Chmelová, who were nominated by multi-party coalitions with the Pirates' support. Following the 2017 legislative election ,

375-461: A meagre influence in the practice of the rule of law as well as in people's daily lives. So, the short and deliberately gradual history of struggles for personal rights and protection against government/society's impositions has yet to transform Japan into a champion of universal and individual freedom. According to constitutional scholar, Shigenori Matsui , People tend to view the Bill of Rights as

450-489: A moral imperative and not as a judicial norm. The people also tend to rely upon bureaucrats to remedy social problems, including even human rights violations, rather than the court. Despite the divergences between Japan's social culture and the Liberal Constitutionalism that it purports to have adopted, the country has moved toward closing the gap between the notion and the practice of the law. The trend

525-487: A preference for public transport , and sustainable city planning and urban development. The party's agricultural policy proposes support for small-scale farmers and community farms instead of subsidizing intensive farming and large agribusinesses . The program promotes biodiversity of crops, and forest management and land management that address the environmental impact of agriculture rather than subsidizing monoculture crops that cause land degradation and have

600-475: A variety of unsustainable environmental impacts . The Pirates also propose to simplify the producer–consumer chain by supporting infrastructure for the sale of local and seasonal produce. The party supports LGBT rights in the Czech Republic . In January 2019 it was reported that the party has proposed the eventual introduction of a universal basic income . The party's four main campaign policies in

675-457: A weak freedom of the press , the treatment of children, minorities, foreigners, and women, its punitive criminal justice system, and more recently, the systematic bias against LGBT people. The first Japanese attempt to a bill of rights was in the 19th century Meiji constitution (1890), which took both the Prussian (1850) and British constitutions as basic models. However, it had but

750-555: Is a pro-European party, it aims to address the perceived democratic deficit in the European Union by decentralization and subsidiarity . The party contested the 2021 Czech parliamentary election as part of the alliance Pirates and Mayors with the Mayors and Independents party. The alliance gained 37 seats, out of which four are Pirate MPs, and joined the governing Cabinet of Petr Fiala with Spolu . The Pirate party

825-562: Is a signatory to the UN Refugee Convention (1951), successive governments have demonstrated an increasing tightening of borders; particularly against those who seek passage via small water vessels. The Abbott Government (2013) like its predecessors (the Gillard and Howard Governments) has encountered particular difficulty curbing asylum seekers via sea, increasingly identified as "illegal immigration". The recent involvement of

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900-406: Is against any public bank bailouts . The party has an environmental policy platform entitled " Ecology without ideology", which focuses on the elimination of fossil fuel subsidies , scientific research and development -based support for alternative energy (i.e. renewables and nuclear ), sustainable materials management from product design to waste management, sustainable transport with

975-574: Is gradual," has a constitution with a seemingly strong bill of rights at its core ( Chapter III. Rights and Duties of the People ). In many ways, it resembles the U.S. Constitution prior to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , and that is because it came into life during the Allied occupation of Japan . This constitution may have felt like a foreign imposition to the governing elites, but not to

1050-649: Is more evident in the long term. Among several examples, the Diet (bicameral legislature) ratified the International Bill of Human Rights in 1979 and then it passed the Law for Equal Opportunity in Employment for Men and Women in 1985, measures that were heralded as major steps toward a democratic and participatory society. In 2015, moreover, it reached an agreement with Korea to compensate for abuses related to

1125-471: Is often dated back to Magna Carta , an English legal charter agreed in 1215 which in turn was based on pre-existing documents, namely the Charter of Liberties . The Constitution of the People's Republic of China (which applies only to mainland China , not to Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan ) especially its Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens, claims to protect many civil liberties. Taiwan, which

1200-604: Is represented by five Members of the Senate of the Czech Republic , the most recently elected being Adéla Šípová and David Smoljak in 2020 and Lukáš Wagenknecht in 2018 . That same year, the party entered a number of municipal assemblies and formed a governing coalition in the Prague City Assembly, with Zdeněk Hřib becoming the Mayor of Prague . In the 2019 European election , the party gained three MEPs , joined

1275-602: Is separated from mainland China, has its own Constitution. Although the 1982 constitution guarantees civil liberties, the Chinese government usually uses the " subversion of state power " and "protection of state secrets " clauses in their law system to imprison those who criticize the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the state leaders . The Fundamental Rights – embodied in Part III of

1350-473: The 2021 legislative election with liberal centre-right party Mayors and Independents (STAN). The alliance won 37 seats, of which four are Pirate MPs, and joined the governing coalition with Spolu . The party nominated three ministers for the incoming Cabinet of Petr Fiala : Ivan Bartoš as Minister of Regional Development and Digitalisation, Jan Lipavský as Minister of Foreign Affairs , and Michal Šalomoun as Minister of Legislation. In September 2024,

1425-574: The Burakumin ), Ainu people (indigenous people in Japan), foreign nationals, HIV/AIDS carriers , Hansen's disease patients, persons released from prison after serving their sentence, crime victims , people whose human rights are violated using the Internet , the homeless, individuals with gender identity disorders , and women . Also, the government lists systematic problems with gender biases and

1500-694: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which guarantees many of the same rights as the U.S. constitution. The Charter omits any mention of, or protection for, property. The Constitution of Mexico was ratified on February 5, 1917. Similar to the U.S. Constitution, the United Mexican States provides all citizens the right to freedom of expression, but this right is not absolute (for example, child pornography , death threats , and defamation are exceptions to freedom of speech, and offenders can be subject to penalties). However, unlike

1575-803: The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany ("Bundesverfassungsgericht") if they feel their civil rights are being violated. This procedure has shaped German law considerably over the years. Civil liberties in the United Kingdom date back to Magna Carta in 1215 and 17th century common law and statute law , such as the 1628 Petition of Right , the Habeas Corpus Act 1679 and the Bill of Rights 1689 . Parts of these laws remain in statute today and are supplemented by other legislation and conventions that collectively form

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1650-633: The Greens–European Free Alliance parliamentary group and campaign leader Marcel Kolaja was elected one of fourteen Vice-Presidents of the European Parliament . The party holds 3 out of 675 seats in regional councils since the September 2024 elections . The Czech Pirate Party was founded as a student-driven grassroots movement campaigning for political transparency , civil rights and direct democracy . The party

1725-667: The Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 1,000 inhabitants. Albrechtice nad Orlicí is located about 17 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of Hradec Králové . It lies in a flat landscape of the Orlice Table . The municipality is situated on the left bank of the Orlice River. The first written mention of Albrechtice is from 1279. Between 1346 and 1378, the village was promoted to

1800-473: The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . The existence of some claimed civil liberties is a matter of dispute, as are the extent of most civil rights . Controversial examples include property rights , reproductive rights , and civil marriage . In authoritarian regimes in which government censorship impedes on perceived civil liberties, some civil liberty advocates argue for

1875-549: The October 2020 regional elections , the party gained 99 out of 675 seats in regional councils . In the 2020 Senate election , the party nominated two successful candidates, David Smoljak and Adéla Šípová, who became the youngest ever member of the Senate at the age of 40, breaking the previous record of Pirate Senator Wagenknecht. During late 2020 and early 2021, the Pirates formed the Pirates and Mayors electoral alliance for

1950-486: The Privileges or Immunities Clause , Due Process Clause , and Equal Protection Clause . Human rights within the United States are often called civil rights , which are those rights, privileges and immunities held by all people, in distinction to political rights, which are the rights that inhere to those who are entitled to participate in elections, as candidates or voters. Before universal suffrage, this distinction

2025-644: The Velvet Revolution , a constitutional overhaul took place in Czechoslovakia . In 1991, the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms was adopted, having the same legal standing as the Constitution . The Czech Republic has kept the Charter in its entirety following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia as Act No. 2/1993 Coll. (Constitution being No. 1). France's 1789 Declaration of

2100-551: The right to own property , the right to defend oneself , and the right to bodily integrity . Within the distinctions between civil liberties and other types of liberty, distinctions exist between positive liberty / positive rights and negative liberty / negative rights . Libertarians advocate for the negative liberty aspect of civil liberties, emphasizing minimal government intervention in both personal and economic affairs. Influential advocates of this interpretation include John Stuart Mill , whose work On Liberty argues for

2175-461: The "erosion of civil liberties" by the then Labour government, and was re-elected on a civil liberties platform (although he was not opposed by candidates of other major parties). This was in reference to anti-terrorism laws and in particular the extension to pre-trial detention, that is perceived by many to be an infringement of habeas corpus established in Magna Carta. The Constitution of

2250-503: The Abbott government's response has so far seen a reduction in the number of potential refugees undertaking the hazardous cross to Australia, which is argued by the government as an indicator of its policy success. The European Convention on Human Rights , to which almost all European countries belong (apart from Belarus ), enumerates a number of civil liberties and is of varying constitutional force in different European states. Following

2325-523: The Australian Navy in refugee rescue operations has many human rights groups such as Amnesty International concerned over the "militarisation" of the treatment of refugees and the issue of their human rights in Australia . The current "turn-back" policy is particularly divisive, as it involves placing refugees in government lifeboats and turning them towards Indonesia. Despite opposition however,

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2400-480: The Constitution have allowed for implied rights such as freedom of political communication (which is construed broadly) and the right to vote to be established, however, others such as freedom of assembly and freedom of association are yet to be identified. Refugee issues Within the past decade, Australia has experienced increasing contention regarding its treatment of those seeking asylum. Although Australia

2475-569: The EU on the world market, limiting corporate lobbying in the EU and addressing Europe-wide tax avoidance by multinational corporations that offshore profits via tax havens . Furthermore, the party addresses digital rights and prevention of increasing Internet censorship ; promotion of environmental protection and consumer protection . The Pirates oppose the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). The program for

2550-546: The European Parliament elections in 2019 was published under the auspices of the European Pirate Party . Its core lies in addressing the democratic deficit in the European Union, decentralization and enacting of the subsidiarity principle: decision making on local and national affairs at the local levels of governance that are close to the citizens of the Member States. In addition to copyright reform or

2625-532: The Parliament and state legislatures. The imposition of a state of emergency may lead to a temporary suspension of the rights conferred by Article 19 (including freedoms of speech, assembly and movement, etc.) to preserve national security and public order. The President can, by order, suspend the constitutional written remedies as well. Since 1947, Japan , a country with a constitutional monarchy and known for its socially "conservative society where change

2700-480: The Parliament cannot alter the basic structure of the constitution like secularism, democracy, federalism, and separation of powers. Often called the "Basic structure doctrine", this decision is widely regarded as an important part of Indian history. In the 1978 Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India case, the Supreme Court extended the doctrine's importance as superior to any parliamentary legislation. According to

2775-474: The Pirates left the governing coalition after Fiala dismissed Bartoš as regional development minister due to problems over a new digital system for issuing building permits. However, Lipavský left the party to stay as foreign minister. In November 2024, Hřib was elected as party leader . Youth wings Subnational Multi-national The Czech Pirate Party is a centrist to centre-left progressive " liberal " party (in contrast to " conservative ") within

2850-472: The Prague City Assembly. The leading Pirate candidate with 75,082 votes, Zdeněk Hřib , was elected as Mayor of Prague . With leading candidate Marcel Kolaja in the 2019 European Parliament election , the party ran on a common platform with the European Pirate Party . Kolaja was elected along with Markéta Gregorová and Mikuláš Peksa as Members of the European Parliament . In May 2019,

2925-523: The Rights of Man and of the Citizen listed many civil liberties and is of constitutional force. The German constitution , the "Grundgesetz" (lit. "Base Law"), starts with an elaborate listing of civil liberties and states in sec. 1 "The dignity of man is inviolable. To respect and protect it shall be the duty of all public authority." Following the " Austrian System ", the people have the right to appeal to

3000-656: The Russian Federation guarantees in theory many of the same rights and civil liberties as the U.S. except to bear arms , i.e.: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of association and assembly, freedom to choose language, to due process, to a fair trial, privacy, freedom to vote, right for education, etc. However, human rights groups like Amnesty International have warned that Vladimir Putin has seriously curtailed freedom of expression , freedom of assembly and freedom of association amidst growing authoritarianism . The Constitution of Canada includes

3075-439: The U.S. Congress in 1968 enacted a law that essentially applies most of the protections of the Bill of Rights to tribal members, to be enforced mainly by tribal courts . The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 was signed into effect by President Ronald Reagan on August 10, 1988. The act was passed by Congress to issue a public apology for those of Japanese ancestry who lost their property and liberty due to discriminatory actions by

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3150-679: The U.S. Department of State released a report stating that Japan's human right record is showing signs of improvement. Whilst Australia does not have an enshrined Bill of Rights or similar binding legal document, civil liberties are assumed as protected through a series of rules and conventions. Australia had primary involvement in and was a key signatory to the UN Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948) The Constitution of Australia (1900) does offer very limited protection of rights: Certain High Court interpretations of

3225-550: The United States Government during the internment period . This act also provided many other benefits within various sectors of the government. Within the treasury it established a civil liberties public education fund. It directed the Attorney General to identify and locate each individual affected by this act and to pay them $ 20,000 from the civil liberties public education fund. It also established

3300-646: The United States and Canada, Mexico has stricter limits on citizenship. For example, only people born in Mexico may take roles in law enforcement, legislating, or enlist in the armed forces. It also states each person born in Mexico cannot be deprived of their citizenship status. The United States Constitution , especially its Bill of Rights , protects civil liberties. The passage of the Fourteenth Amendment further protected civil liberties by introducing

3375-430: The abolishment of untouchability and prohibited discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. They forbid human trafficking and unfree labour . They protect the cultural and educational rights of ethnic and religious minorities by allowing them to preserve their languages and administer their own educational institutions. All people, irrespective of race, religion, caste or sex, have

3450-567: The adoption of this liberal constitution, often referred as the "Postwar Constitution" (戦後憲法, Sengo-Kenpō) or the "Peace Constitution" (平和憲法, Heiwa-Kenpō), the Japanese governing elites have struggled to usher in an inclusive, open and Pluralist society . Even after the end of World War II and the departure of the Allied government of occupation in 1952, Japan has been the target of international criticism for failing to admit to war crimes , institutional religious discrimination and maintaining

3525-539: The constitution abolishes untouchability and prohibits begar . These provisions act as a check both on State actions and the actions of private individuals. Fundamental Rights are not absolute and are subject to reasonable restrictions as necessary for the protection of national interest. In the Kesavananda Bharati vs. State of Kerala case , the Supreme Court ruled that all provisions of the constitution, including Fundamental Rights can be amended. However,

3600-416: The constitution – guarantee liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace as citizens of India. The six fundamental rights are right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights and the right to constitutional remedies. These include individual rights common to most liberal democracies , incorporated in

3675-536: The context of politics of the Czech Republic . The party's leadership expressed that it considers the left–right political spectrum to be obsolete. The party itself describes its stance as economically centrist and socially liberal, in the context of Czech politics . The party's program focuses on safeguarding of civil liberties from state or corporate power through government transparency , accountability and anti-corruption measures, introducing elements of participatory democracy by enabling law proposals by

3750-422: The digital agenda, it covers topics such as education, environment and agriculture, foreign policy, defense, transport and taxation and space programs. The party published its own European priorities in five points: The party is a member of Pirate Parties International and European Pirates (PPEU). Mikuláš Peksa is a board member of PPEU, and Vojtěch Pikal was a co-chairman of PPI in 2013 and 2014. In April 2012,

3825-510: The discourse on civil liberties and the appropriate scope of government. Many contemporary nations have a constitution , a bill of rights , or similar constitutional documents that enumerate and seek to guarantee civil liberties. Other nations have enacted similar laws through a variety of legal means, including signing and ratifying or otherwise giving effect to key conventions such as the European Convention on Human Rights and

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3900-567: The first two days of the launch of their website in April, 1,800 people had signed an online petition to register the party. Czech law requires a paper petition with 1,000 signatures for registration. In the student elections, the Pirate Party received 7.7% of the vote. On 28 June 2009 the party held a constitutive forum in Průhonice , near Prague, where the board was elected and main elements of

3975-401: The freedom of speech and expression are applicable only to the citizens of India (including non-resident Indian citizens). The right to equality in matters of public employment cannot be conferred to overseas citizens of India . Fundamental Rights primarily protect individuals from any arbitrary State actions, but some rights are enforceable against private individuals too. For instance,

4050-473: The fundamental law of the land and are enforceable in a court of law. Violations of these rights result in punishments as prescribed in the Indian Penal Code , subject to the discretion of the judiciary . These rights are neither absolute nor immune from constitutional amendments. They have been aimed at overturning the inequalities of pre-independence social practices. Specifically, they resulted in

4125-456: The ordinary people "who lacked faith in their discredited leaders and supported meaningful change." In the abstract, the constitution strives to secure fundamental individual liberties and rights, which are covered pointedly in articles 10 to 40. Most salient of the human dignity articles is article 25, section 1, which guarantees that all "people shall have the right to maintain the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living." Despite

4200-512: The party became the third largest party in the Chamber of Deputies with 22 out of 200 seats and sat in opposition to the ruling cabinet . Economist and auditor Lukáš Wagenknecht was elected Senator in the 2018 election , when Michálek's term ended. The Pirates ranked second in the 2018 Prague municipal election with 13 out of 65 seats and formed a governing coalition with the third and fourth-ranked parties that holds 39 out of 65 seats in

4275-410: The party negotiated to join the Greens–European Free Alliance parliamentary group along with German Pirate Party MEP Patrick Breyer . In June, all four members of the European Pirate Party joined the parliamentary grouping. On 3 July, Kolaja was elected one of fourteen Vice-Presidents of the European Parliament . In January 2020, Bartoš was re-elected as party leader . With 14.67% of the vote in

4350-882: The party organised a conference of the Pirate Parties International (PPI) in Prague. More than 200 representatives of Pirate parties from 27 countries attended, including the founder of the Pirate movement, Rick Falkvinge ; writer Cory Doctorow ; and Swedish MEP Amelia Andersdotter . The party expressed support for the pan-European political movement Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEM25). Civil liberties Civil liberties are guarantees and freedoms that governments commit not to abridge, either by constitution , legislation , or judicial interpretation , without due process . Though

4425-549: The perceived democratic deficit in the European Union . The Pirates propose that the Czech Republic should participate in the mainstream of the European integration and should participate in EU decision making, but should adopt the Euro only if specific conditions are fulfilled. The party also supports Czech membership of NATO , but it is critical of aggression by NATO members and argues that any engagement of NATO forces outside of

4500-676: The program were declared. Kamil Horký was elected as chairman. At the end of October 2009 in Albrechtice nad Orlicí , the General Assembly (GA) met for the first time, to complete statutes and elect a new board, commission and committee. Ivan Bartoš became party chairman. The party participated in the general election in May 2010, and received 0.8% of the vote. In December 2010, the party launched its own national whistle-blowing site similar to WikiLeaks , called PirateLeaks. The site

4575-421: The protection of individual freedoms from government encroachment, and Friedrich Hayek , whose The Road to Serfdom warns against the dangers of expanding state power. Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged and Ron Paul's The Revolution: A Manifesto further emphasize the importance of safeguarding personal autonomy and limiting government authority. These contributions have played a significant role in shaping

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4650-502: The public through petitions and simplification of state bureaucracy through e-government . The party proposes a lobby register and a lobbying law reform, measures to address tax avoidance of multinational corporations and limit capital outflow , a bank tax , the strengthening of the Czech National Bank 's authority, prevention of financial speculation leading to financial crises and financial crime ; and it

4725-797: The right to approach the High Courts or the Supreme Court for the enforcement of their fundamental rights. It is not necessary that the aggrieved party has to be the one to do so. In the public interest, anyone can initiate litigation in the court on their behalf. This is known as " public interest litigation ". High Court and Supreme Court judges can also act on their own on the basis of media reports. The Fundamental Rights emphasize equality by guaranteeing all citizens access to and use of public institutions and protections, irrespective of their background. The rights to life and personal liberty apply to persons of any nationality, while others, such as

4800-463: The run-up to the 2017 elections were: Furthermore, the Pirates announced policies on transport and logistics, finance, IT, culture, international relations, local development, defence, labour and social issues, industry and trade, justice, interior policy, education and science, healthcare, agriculture and the environment. The Czech Pirate Party is generally pro-European and pro- Eurozone , while advocating major reforms in both institutions to address

4875-424: The scope of the term differs between countries, civil liberties may include the freedom of conscience , freedom of press , freedom of religion , freedom of expression , freedom of assembly , the right to security and liberty , freedom of speech , the right to privacy , the right to equal treatment under the law and due process, the right to a fair trial , and the right to life . Other civil liberties include

4950-641: The so-called " women of comfort " that took place during the Japanese occupation of the peninsula . However, human rights group, and families of the survivors condemned the agreement as patronizing and insulting. On its official site , the Japanese government has identified various human rights problems. Among these are child abuses (e.g., bullying , corporal punishment , child sexual abuse , child prostitution , and child pornography ), frequent neglect and ill-treatment of elderly persons and individuals with disabilities , Dowa claims (discrimination against

5025-411: The standard reference to sexual preferences for jobs and other functions in society. Human rights organizations, national and foreign, expand the list to include human rights violations that relate to government policies, as in the case of daiyo kangoku system (substitute prison) and the methods of interrogating crime suspects. The effort of these agencies and ordinary people seem to pay off. In 2016,

5100-631: The territories of its member states should take place only if supported by a United Nations resolution . The party leadership has criticized military invasions by NATO and questioned the legality of the United States -initiated wars in Afghanistan and in Iraq and the 2011 military intervention in Libya by NATO forces. Among the party's European priorities is technological competitiveness of

5175-421: The uncodified Constitution of the United Kingdom . In addition, the United Kingdom is a signatory to the European Convention on Human Rights which covers both human rights and civil liberties. The Human Rights Act 1998 incorporates the great majority of Convention rights directly into UK law. In June 2008 the then Shadow Home Secretary David Davis resigned his parliamentary seat over what he described as

5250-517: The use of anonymity tools to allow for free speech, privacy, and anonymity. The degree to which societies acknowledge civil liberties is affected by the influence of terrorism and war. Whether the existence of victimless crimes infringes upon civil liberties is also a matter of dispute. Another matter of debate is the suspension or alteration of certain civil liberties in times of war or state of emergency , including whether and to what extent this should occur. The formal concept of civil liberties

5325-419: The verdict, no act of parliament can be considered a law if it violates the basic structure of the constitution. This landmark guarantee of Fundamental Rights was regarded as a unique example of judicial independence in preserving the sanctity of Fundamental Rights. The Fundamental Rights can only be altered by a constitutional amendment, hence their inclusion is a check not only on the executive branch but also on

5400-487: The vote. In the 2012 Czech Senate election , the Czech Pirate Party nominated three candidates; one of them was a co-nomination with two other parties. This candidate, the whistleblower Libor Michálek , was elected as Senator in the second round of voting, with the Czech Pirate Party becoming a parliamentary party for the first time. In local elections in 2014 the party entered many local assemblies, including

5475-566: Was important, since many people were ineligible to vote but still were considered to have the fundamental freedoms derived from the rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. This distinction is less important now that Americans enjoy near universal suffrage , and civil rights are now taken to include the political rights to vote and participate in elections, being furthermore classified with civil liberties in general as either positive rights or negative rights . Because Native American tribal governments retain sovereignty over tribal members,

5550-595: Was initially inspired by the Swedish Pirate Party , which like most other Pirate Parties was a single-issue party focusing on Internet freedom ; however, the Czech Pirate Party has developed a broad political platform. On 27 May 2009 an application was submitted to the Ministry of the Interior for registration of the party. On 17 June, the party was registered under the code MV-39553-7/VS-2009. Within

5625-532: Was intended as a primary source for journalists, dedicated to evidence of corruption in the Czech government and public administration documents which should be publicly available according to law 106/1999 Sb. (Free Access to Information Act) but which the authorities refused to disclose without a formal request defined by the law. Standing in a local senate election on 18–19 March 2011 in Kladno , they obtained 0.75% of

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