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44-529: Though Å is derived from A by adding an overring , it is typically considered a separate letter . It developed as a form of semi- ligature of an A with a smaller o above it to denote a rounding of the long /a/ in Old Danish . The Å-sound originally had the same origin as the long /aː/ sound in German Aal and Haar ( Scandinavian ål , hår ). Historically, the å derives from

88-671: A final y ; in Inuktitut , the ring above the /_i/ character turns it into a /_aai/ character. In Western Cree, /_w_w/ sequence is represented as ᐝ. In addition to the combining character option, Unicode has some precomposed characters : The underring is used in IPA to indicate voicelessness , and in Indo-European studies or in Sanskrit transliteration ( IAST ) to indicate syllabicity of sonorants . Unicode encodes

132-469: A minuscule O was placed on top of an A to create a new letter which was used in place of the digraph Aa . It was first used in print in the Gustav Vasa Bible published in 1541 and replaced Aa in the 16th century. In an attempt to modernize the orthography, linguists tried to introduce the Å to Danish and Norwegian writing in the 19th century. Most people felt no need for the new letter, as

176-405: A variant of the ligature Œ) that represented the sounds [æ] and [ø] respectively were gradually replaced by new letters. Instead of using ligatures, a minuscule (that is, lower-case) E was placed above the letters A and O to create new graphemes , which later evolved into the modern letters Ä and Ö , as the E was simplified into the two dots now referred to as an umlaut . Similarly,

220-516: Is l though this does not change the pronunciation, with kana u to indicate its morph into kana n , and with kana i to indicate the vowel is to be said as [ɨ] . In Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics , there are two ring characters: ᐤ ( Cree and Ojibwe final w , or Sayisi o ) and ᣞ (Cree and Ojibwe final w or final y ). This second smaller ring can combine as a diacritic ring above in Moose Cree and Moose-Cree influenced Ojibwe as

264-662: Is a diphthong, pronounced [au] in Icelandic and [ɔa] in Faroese. The short variation of Faroese á is pronounced [ ɔ ] , though. In some place names, the old Aa spelling dominates, more often in Denmark than in Norway (where it has been abolished in official use since 1917). Locals of Aalborg and Aabenraa resist the Å, whereas Ålesund is rarely seen with Aa spelling. Official rules allow both forms in

308-423: Is another form that does not contain a long å). The Istro-Romanian alphabet is based on the standard Romanian alphabet with three additional letters used to mark sounds specific only to this language: å, ľ and ń. Javanese uses å to indicate open-mid back rounded vowel ⟨ ɔ ⟩ together with ó (o acute). Å and å are also used in the practical orthography of Chamorro , a language indigenous to

352-512: Is not to be confused with the Japanese handakuten ( U+309A ◌゚ COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK ), a diacritic used with the kana for syllables starting with h to indicate that they should instead be pronounced with [p] . In Japanese dialectology, handakuten is used with kana for syllables starting with k to indicate their consonant is [ŋ] , with syllables starting with r to indicate their consonant

396-487: Is sorted last in the alphabet. The letter "Å" (U+00C5) is also used as the international symbol for the non- SI unit ångström , a physical unit of length named after the Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström . It is always uppercase in this context (symbols for units named after persons are generally uppercase). The ångström is equal to 10 m (one ten-billionth of a meter) or 0.1 nm . In Unicode ,

440-526: The U+055A ◌՚ ARMENIAN APOSTROPHE . Breve and inverted breve are also shaped like half rings, respectively, the bottom and top half of a circle. The ring is used in the transliteration of Abkhaz to represent the letter ҩ. It may also be used in place of the abbreviation symbol ॰ when transliterating the Devanagari alphabet. The ring as a diacritic mark should not be confused with

484-602: The Arabic alphabet . A fatḥah followed by the letter ⟨ ﻭ ⟩ (wāw) with a sukūn ( ـَوْ ) is romanized as aẘ. A fatḥah followed by the letter ⟨ ﻱ ⟩ (yā’) with a sukūn over it ( ـَيْ ) is romanized as aẙ. Ring upon e (e̊) is used by certain dialectologists of Walloon (especially Jean-Jacques Gaziaux ) to note the /ə/ vowel typically replacing /i/ and /y/ in the Brabant province central Walloon dialects. The difficulty of type-writing it has led some writers to prefer ë for

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528-767: The CSX+ Indic character set . This proposal was rejected, because they are already encoded as combining character sequences. In Pashto romanization, ⟨ḁ⟩ is used to represent /ə/ . In Emilian , ⟨e̥⟩ can be used to represent unstressed /ə/ in very accurate transcriptions. In Romagnol , ⟨e̥⟩ is used to represent /ə/ in diphthongs, e.g. Santarcangelo dialect ame̥ig [aˈməiɡ] 'friend', ne̥ud [ˈnəud] 'naked'. Half rings also exist as diacritic marks; these are characters U+0351 ◌͑ COMBINING LEFT HALF RING ABOVE and U+0357 ◌͗ COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING ABOVE . These characters are used in

572-537: The Danish Language Board . Between 1948 and 2010, the city of Aarhus was officially spelled Århus . However, the city has reverted to the Aa spelling starting 2011, in a controversial decision citing internationalization and web compatibility advantages. Icelandic and Faroese are the only North Germanic languages not to use the å . The Old Norse letter á is retained, but the sound it now expresses

616-544: The Old Norse long /aː/ vowel (spelled with the letter á ), but over time, it developed into an [ ɔː ] sound in most Scandinavian language varieties (in Swedish and Norwegian, it has eventually reached the pronunciation [ oː ] ). Medieval writing often used doubled letters for long vowels, and the vowel continued to be written Aa. In Old Swedish the use of the ligature Æ and of Ø (originally also

660-562: The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet , respectively for mediopalatal pronunciation and strong-onset vowels. These characters may be used in the International Phonetic Alphabet , denoting less and more roundedness , as alternatives to half rings below U+031C ◌̜ COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW and U+0339 ◌̹ COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW . They are here given with

704-1893: The dot or U+0366 ◌ͦ COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER O diacritic marks, or with the degree sign °. The half ring as a diacritic mark should not be confused with the comma or ogonek diacritic marks. Aagaard Aagaard or Ågård is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Carl Frederik Aagaard (1833–1895), Danish landscape painter Christen Aagaard (1616–1664), Danish poet Gudrun Stig Aagaard (1895–1986), Danish textile artist Jacob Aagaard (born 1973), Scottish chess grandmaster Jane Aagaard (born 1956), Australian politician Johannes Aagaard (1928–2007), Danish theologian and evangelist Julie Aagaard (born 1992), Danish handball player Just Michael Aagaard (1757–1819), Danish merchant Kari Aagaard , Norwegian handball player Martin Aagaard (1863–1913), Norwegian painter Mikkel Aagaard (born 1995), Danish ice hockey player Niels Aagaard (1612–1657), Danish scholar Robert Aagaard (1932–2001), English youth movement founder Rolf M. Aagaard (born 1945), Norwegian photographer Thorvald Aagaard (1877–1937), Danish composer and organist Torstein Aagaard-Nilsen (born 1964), Norwegian composer Gunnar Aagaard Andersen (1919–1982), Danish artist Andreas Aagaard Kiønig (1771–1856), Norwegian judge Ole Rømer Aagaard Sandberg (1888–1975), Norwegian military officer Ole Rømer Aagaard Sandberg (1900–1985), Norwegian politician Bjarne Aagaard Strøm (1920–2008), Norwegian newspaper editor See also [ edit ] Douglas C. Aagard (born 1954), American politician from Utah Julie Dahle Aagård (born 1978), Norwegian jazz musician Olaf Aagard , owner of

748-567: The surname Aagaard . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aagaard&oldid=1158751334 " Categories : Surnames Surnames of Danish origin Danish-language surnames Norwegian-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

792-598: The 16th till the beginning of the 20th century and for a shorter time in 16th-century Lithuania Major for diphthong [uo] . The ring was used in the Lithuanian Cyrillic alphabet promoted by Russian authorities in the last quarter of the 19th century with the letter У̊ / у̊ used to represent the /wɔ/ diphthong (now written uo in Lithuanian orthography). ẘ and ẙ are used in the ISO 233 romanization of

836-453: The 29-letter Swedish alphabet begins with the basic 26 Latin letters and ends with the three letters Å , Ä , and Ö . The character Ů (ů) a Latin U with overring, or kroužek is a grapheme in Czech preserved for historic reasons, and represented a vowel shift . For example, the word for "horse" used to be written kóň , which evolved, along with pronunciation, into kuoň . Ultimately,

880-725: The Aagard Lumber Company in Oregon Aagaard Islands in the Southern Ocean near the coast of Antarctica Aagaard Glacier in Graham Land, Antarctica References [ edit ] ^ Hanks, P. (2003). Dictionary of American Family Names: 3-Volume Set . Oxford University Press, USA. p. 1. ISBN   978-0-19-508137-4 . Retrieved 2 September 2018 . [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with

924-458: The Finnish coastal areas and archipelago that have å in their Swedish names, such as Kråkö and Långnäs , as well as the Finnish autonomic region of Åland , a group of islands midst between Sweden and Finland where almost all natives speak Swedish. The Finnish name for Å is ruotsalainen oo ("Swedish O"), and is pronounced identically to O , which has the value [o̞] . (Note that in Swedish,

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968-592: The Scandinavian Å have become a concern because of globalization, and particularly because of the popularization of the World Wide Web . This is to a large extent due to the fact that prior to the creation of IDNA system around 2005, internet domains containing Scandinavian letters were not recognized by the DNS , and anyway do not feature on keyboards adapted for other languages. While it is recommended to keep

1012-406: The bearer of the name uses Aa or Å according to their choice, but since family names are inherited they are resistant to change and the traditional Aa style is often kept. For instance, the last name Aagaard is much more common than Ågård . The surname Aa is always spelled with double A, never with the single å . However, given names - which are less commonly inherited - have largely changed to

1056-647: The beginning of a word root in a compound. These characters are used also in Steuer's Silesian alphabet . The [uo] pronunciation has prevailed in some Moravian dialects, as well as in Slovak , which uses the letter ô instead of ů. The ring is used in some dialects of Emilian and Romagnol to distinguish the sound /ʌ/ (å) from /a/ (a). ů was used in Old Lithuanian in Lithuania Minor from

1100-589: The correct sorting of aa depends on pronunciation: If the sound is pronounced as one sound it is sorted as Å regardless of the sound is 'a' or 'å'; thus, for example, the German city Aachen is listed under Å, as well as the Danish city Aabenraa . This is §3 in the Danish Retskrivningsreglerne . In the Swedish and Finnish alphabets, Å is sorted after Z , as the third letter from

1144-612: The double A. Accordingly, a man named "Hans Aagard Hauge" would spell his initials "H. Aa. H." (not "H. A. H." nor "H. Å. H."), while a woman named Aase Vestergaard would spell her initials "Aa. V." (not "A. V." nor "Å. V."). Correct alphabetization in Danish and Norwegian places Å as the last letter in the alphabet , the sequence being Æ , Ø , Å. This is also true for the alternative spelling "Aa". Unless manually corrected, sorting algorithms of programs localised for Danish or Norwegian will place e.g., Aaron after Zorro . In Danish

1188-464: The end, the sequence being Å, Ä , Ö . This is easiest to remember across the Nordic languages, that Danish and Norwegian follow Z first with E-mutated letters Æ and Ø and then the symbol with a one-stroke diacritic Å. Swedish and Finnish follow Z with a one-stroke diacritic Å and then a two-stroke (or two-dot) diacritic Ä, Ö. A combined Nordic sorting mnemonic is Æ, Ø, Å, Ä, Ö. Alternative spellings of

1232-513: The letter group Aa had already been pronounced like Å for centuries in Denmark and Norway. Aa was usually treated as a single letter, spoken like the present Å when spelling out names or words. Orthography reforms making Å official were carried out in Norway in 1917 and in Denmark in 1948. According to Jørgen Nørby Jensen, senior consultant at Dansk Sprognævn , the cause for the change in Denmark

1276-438: The letter Å on the cover of their 2005 album An Answer Can Be Found . Ring (diacritic) A ring diacritic may appear above or below letters. It may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in various contexts. The character Å (å) is derived from an A with a ring. It is a distinct letter in the Danish , Norwegian , Swedish , Finnish , Walloon , and Chamorro alphabets. For example,

1320-573: The lowercase a: a͑ and a͗, a̜ and a̹. U+1E9A ẚ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RIGHT HALF RING is similar in appearance but differs from a͗ because its compatibility decomposition uses U+02BE ʾ MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING instead of U+0357 ◌͗ COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING ABOVE . Other, similar signs are in use in Armenian : the U+0559 ◌ՙ ARMENIAN MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING and

1364-503: The more recent pan-Walloon orthography ( rifondou or Common Walloon), with one orthography for words regardless of the local phonetic variations. In non-standardized writings outside the Liege area, words containing å are written with au / ô (representing the same sound) or â . For example, the word måjhon (house) in the standardized orthography is spelled môjo(n) , mâhon , maujon in dialectal writings ( mohone

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1408-416: The most common cases, but Å is always correct. Å as a word means "small river" in Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian and can be found in place names. Before 1917, when spelling with the double A was common, some Norwegian place names contained three or four consecutive A letters: for instance Haaa (now Håa , a river) and Blaaaasen ( Blååsen , 'the blue ("blå") ridge ("ås")'). In family names,

1452-424: The people of Northern Mariana Islands and Guam . Unmarked a represents the low front unrounded vowel , while å represents the low back rounded vowel . The Chamorro name for Guam is Guåhån , and its capital is called Hagåtña . In Greenlandic , å is not used in native words, but is used in several loanwords from Danish, such as båndoptageri (Danish båndoptager ) 'tape recorder'. Like in Danish, å

1496-696: The resemblance, some Angels fans stylize the name as "Ångels". The logo of the Stargate series similarly features a stylized A with a circle above it, making it resemble an Å as in Stargåte; in Norwegian, gåte means "riddle". Cirque du Soleil 's Koozå production uses this character in its logo, although it is pronounced by the main singer as a regular "a". British producer and singer Låpsley uses it in her stage name. Italian rock band Måneskin uses it in their name. The American rock band CKY use

1540-507: The same sound. Many more characters can be created in Unicode using the combining character U+030A ◌̊ COMBINING RING ABOVE , including the above-mentioned у̊ (Cyrillic у with overring) or ń̊ (n with acute and overring). The standalone (spacing) symbol is U+02DA ˚ RING ABOVE . The unrelated, but nearly identical degree symbol is U+00B0 ° DEGREE SIGN . Although similar in appearance, it

1584-608: The sounds [oː] and [ɔ] may be represented by Å or O , but O also represents [uː] and [ʊ] .) It is not allowed to substitute aa for å in Finnish, as aa is already a common letter combination with the value [ɑː] . In Emilian , å is used to represent the open-mid back unrounded vowel [ʌ] , like the RP pronunciation of ⟨u⟩ in " u p", e.g. Modenese dialect åmm , dånna [ˈʌmː] , [ˈdʌnːa] "man, woman"; e.g. Bolognese dialect Bulåggna , dåpp [buˈlʌɲːa] [ˈdʌpː] " Bologna , later". The letter å

1628-620: The underring as a combining character at U+0325 ◌̥ COMBINING RING BELOW . Unicode also has precomposed characters for the letters ⟨A⟩ and ⟨a⟩ with undering ( U+1E00 Ḁ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING BELOW and U+1E01 ḁ LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING BELOW ). Precomposed character encodings for 'R with ring below', 'L with ring below', 'R with ring below and macron', and 'L with ring below and macron' were proposed, because of their use in Sanskrit transliteration and

1672-550: The unit is encoded as U+212B Å ANGSTROM SIGN . However, it is canonically equivalent to the ordinary letter Å. The duplicate encoding at U+212B is due to round-trip mapping compatibility with an East-Asian character encoding , but is otherwise not to be used. Others The logo of the Major League Baseball team known as the Los Angeles Angels is a capital "A" with a halo. Due to

1716-429: The use of the Å. For instance, in Norway more than 12,000 male citizens spell their name Håkon , while only around 2,500 are named Haakon . Company names are sometimes spelled with the double A by choice, usually in order to convey an impression of old-fashionedness or traditionality. The double A, representing a single sound, is usually kept in initials e.g. for people whose first, middle, and/or last name begins with

1760-436: The vowel [o] disappeared completely, and the uo evolved into ů , modern form kůň . The letter ů now has the same pronunciation as the letter ú (long [uː] ), but changes to a short o when a word is morphed (e.g. nom. kůň → gen. koně , nom. dům → gen. domu ), thus showing the historical evolution of the language. Ů cannot occur in initial position, while ú occurs almost exclusively in initial position or at

1804-807: The Å as just an A is particularly common in Sweden, as compared to Norway and Denmark, because the spelling Aa has no traditional use there. Because the Finnish alphabet is derived from the Swedish alphabet, Å is carried over, but it has no native Finnish use and is treated as in Swedish. Its usage is limited to loanwords (the Finnish academic dictionary Kielitoimiston sanakirja , about 100,000 words, has only one word containing Å: ångström ) and names of Swedish, Danish or Norwegian origin. In Finland there are many Swedish-speaking as well as many Finnish-speaking people with Swedish surnames, and many Swedish surnames include Å. In addition, there are many geographical places in

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1848-405: The Å intact wherever possible, the next best thing is to use the older, double A spelling (e.g. "www.raade.com" instead of "www.råde.com"). This is because, as previously discussed, the Å/Aa indicates a separate sound. If the Å is represented as a common A without the overring (e.g. "www.rade.com") there is no indication that the A is supposed to represent another sound entirely. Even so, representing

1892-423: Was a combination of anti-German and pro-Nordic sentiment. Danish had been the only language apart from German and Luxembourgish to use capitalized nouns in the last decades, but abolished them at the same time. In a few names of Danish cities or towns, the old spelling has been retained as an option due to local resistance, e.g. Aalborg and Aabenraa ; however, Ålborg and Åbenrå are the spellings recommended by

1936-422: Was introduced to some eastern local variants of Walloon at the beginning of the 16th century and initially noted the same sound as in Danish. Its use then spread to all eastern dialects, under the cultural influence of Liege , and covered three sounds, a long open o , a long closed o , or a long a , depending on the local varieties. The use of a single å letter to cover such pronunciations has been embraced by

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