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20-525: The Alpine A110-50 (codenamed ZAR for "Alpine revival", with Z being the letter used for Renault concepts) is a concept racing car created by Renault to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the 1962 Alpine A110 It debuted at Monaco's GP circuit, where Renault Chief Operating Officer Carlos Tavares raced the A110-50 for four laps of the Monaco track. The Alpine A110-50 has all carbonfibre bodywork,

40-427: A functional piece of furniture, such as a desk or table, mockups can be used to test whether they suit typical human shapes and sizes. Designs that fail to consider these issues may not be practical to use. Mockups can also be used to test color, finish, and design details which cannot be visualized from the initial drawings and sketches. Mockups used for this purpose can be on a reduced scale. The cost of making mockups

60-501: A mid-engine layout, and tubular frame. It is built upon the same platform and shares its mechanicals with the Sport Mégane Trophy race car. Because the A110-50's height is lower than that of Mégane Trophy, the roll cage and bracing in the engine bay were lowered in the workshop of Tork Engineering. The entire car weighs 1,940 lb (880 kg), and its weight distribution is 47.8 percent front and 52.2 percent rear. With

80-542: A naturally aspirated 395-hp variation of the Mégane Trophy's 3.5-liter V6 based on the Nissan VQ engine , it has a 456bhp/ton power-to-weight ratio . The inlet manifold is fed by a new roof-mounted air intake which broadens the engine's power band, with additional horsepower at all engine speeds. A110-50's front splitter and rear diffuser generate ground effect, and account for a third of the car's downforce, while

100-404: A single function, and derive results from the tests to enhance the products power and usability on the whole. Mockups, wireframes and prototypes are not so cleanly distinguished in software and systems engineering , where mockups are a way of designing user interfaces on paper or in computer images. A software mockup will thus look like the real thing, but will not do useful work beyond what

120-499: A software development tool. Mockups are often used to create unit tests - there they are usually called mock objects . The main reason to create such mockups is to be able to test one part of a software system (a unit) without having to use dependent modules. The function of these dependencies is then "faked" using mock objects. This is especially important if the functions that are simulated like this are difficult to obtain (for example because it involves complex computation) or if

140-422: A working drivetrain and accessories. The state of most concept cars lies somewhere in between and does not represent the final product. A very small proportion of concept cars are functional to any useful extent, and some cannot move safely at speeds above 10 miles per hour (16 km/h). Inoperative " mock-ups " are usually made of wax, clay, metal, fiberglass, plastic, or a combination thereof. If drivable,

160-488: Is a car made to showcase new styling or new technology. Concept cars are often exhibited at motor shows to gauge customer reaction to new and radical designs which may or may not be produced . General Motors designer Harley Earl is generally credited with inventing the concept car, and did much to popularize it through its traveling Motorama shows of the 1950s. Concept cars never go into production directly. In modern times, all would have to undergo many changes before

180-482: Is often more than repaid by the savings made by avoiding going into production with a design which needs improvement. The most common use of mockups in software development is to create user interfaces that show the end user what the software will look like without having to build the software or the underlying functionality. Software UI mockups can range from very simple hand drawn screen layouts, through realistic bitmaps, to semi functional user interfaces developed in

200-424: Is often to produce a full-sized replica, using inexpensive materials in order to verify a design. Mockups are often used to determine the proportions of the piece, relating to various dimensions of the piece itself, or to fit the piece into a specific space or room. The ability to see how the design of the piece relates to the rest of the space is also an important factor in determining size and design. When designing

220-508: The military acquisition process. Mockups are often used to test human factors and aerodynamics , for example. In this context, mockups include wire-frame models . They can also be used for public display and demonstration purposes prior to the development of a prototype, as with the case of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II mock-up aircraft. Mockups are used in the consumer goods industry as part of

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240-743: The design is finalized for the sake of practicality, safety , regulatory compliance , and cost. A "production-intent" prototype , as opposed to a concept vehicle, serves this purpose. Concept cars are often radical in engine or design . Some use non-traditional, exotic, or expensive materials, ranging from paper to carbon fiber to refined alloys . Others have unique layouts , such as gullwing doors , three or five (or more) wheels , or special abilities not usually found on cars. Because of these often impractical or unprofitable leanings, many concept cars never get past scale models or even drawings in computer design . Other more traditional concepts can be developed into fully drivable (operational) vehicles with

260-448: The drafting board with an eraser or you can fix it later on the construction site with a sledge hammer". Mockups are used as design tools virtually everywhere a new product is designed. Mockups are used in the automotive device industry as part of the product development process, where dimensions, overall impression, and shapes are tested in a wind tunnel experiment. They can also be used to test consumer reaction. Mockups are part of

280-407: The drivetrain is often borrowed from a production vehicle from the same company or may have defects and imperfections in design. They can also be quite refined, such as General Motors ' Cadillac Sixteen concept. Mock-up Mock-ups are used by designers mainly to acquire feedback from users. Mock-ups address the idea captured in a popular engineering one-liner: "You can fix it now on

300-459: The engine and incorporates a mechanical limited-slip differential. Designer Yann Jarsalle and Concept and Show Car Director Axel Breun based the A110-50 on the same design language introduced with the DEZIR concept car, but incorporated several design cues from the original A110. These include: half-domed additional headlights with yellow tinted LED lighting; air intakes on each side echo the ducts on

320-423: The other two-thirds comes from the rear wing. The body can be raised with integrated pneumatic jacks for easier servicing. The steering wheel features a color screen and employs the same technology as a Formula Renault 3.5 single-seat race car. The A110-50 has highly adjustable double wishbone suspension with Sachs dampers. It utilises a six-speed semi-automatic sequential gearbox, which slots longitudinally behind

340-555: The product development process, where dimensions, human factors, overall impression, and commercial art are tested in marketing research . Mockups help to visualise how all design decisions play together, they are convincing and closely resemble the final product, it can be easily revised rather than much later in the production stage, It also helps in visualisation of package design projects in 3D & speed up approvals. Mockups are commonly required by designers, architects, and end users for custom furniture and cabinetry. The intention

360-514: The rear wheel arches of the Berlinette; and painting the body in a modern version of the signature Alpine blue. The aerodynamic body was designed using a process called computational fluid dynamics . Its relation to the DeZir is clearly seen in its design, excluding the electric motor and butterfly doors. Concept car A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle or show vehicle )

380-587: The result is non-deterministic, such as the readout of a sensor. A common style of software design is Service-oriented architecture (SOA), where many components communicate via protocols such as HTTP . Service virtualization and API mocks and simulators are examples of implementations of mockups or so called over-the-wire test doubles in software systems that are modelling dependent components or microservices in SOA environments. Mockup software can also be used for micro level evaluation, for example to check

400-456: The user sees. A software prototype, on the other hand, will look and work just like the real thing. In many cases it is best to design or prototype the user interface before source code is written or hardware is built, to avoid having to go back and make expensive changes. Early layouts of a World Wide Web site or pages are often called mockups . A large selection of proprietary or open-source software tools are available for this purpose. At

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