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43-523: In 1881, Emily Fairbanks Talbot , Marion Talbot and Ellen Swallow Richards invited 15 alumnae from 8 colleges to a meeting in Boston, Massachusetts. The purpose of this meeting was to create an organization of women college graduates that would assist women in finding greater opportunities to use their education, as well as promoting and assisting other women's college attendance. The Association of Collegiate Alumnae or ACA (AAUW's predecessor organization)

86-599: A career, but they would get married. This meant that few women who did graduate did not likely have a group of college graduates to discuss their education and career. In addition, women were not treated as potential career women. Talbot founded the Association of Collegiate Alumnae (1881) with her daughter Marion Talbot and Ellen Swallow Richards . The organization is now named the American Association of University Women . The organization created

129-588: A fellowship program for women was established. Supporting the education of women through fellowships would continually remain a critical part of AAUW's mission. Back in 1883, a similar group of college women had considered forming a Chicago, Illinois branch of the ACA; however, they had reconsidered and formed their own independent organization. They formed the Western Association of Collegiate Alumnae (WACA) with Jane M. Bancroft as its first president. WACA

172-537: A network of women college graduates, including University of Michigan , Boston University , Vassar College , Oberlin College , and other colleges and universities to support female students. It directly impacted the professional lives of teachers, but ensuring they were paid more closely to a man's pay and had opportunities for promotion beyond the instructor level. The organization supported higher learning for women, including providing scholarships and fellowships. It

215-789: A program of the Foundation, is the United States' largest legal fund focused solely on sex discrimination against women in higher education. LAF provides funds and a support system for women seeking judicial redress for sex discrimination in higher education. Since 1981, LAF has helped female students, faculty, and administrators challenge sex discrimination, including sexual harassment, pay inequity, denial of tenure and promotion, and inequality in women's athletics programs. AAUW sponsors grassroots and advocacy efforts, research, and Campus Action Projects and other educational programs in conjunction with its ongoing programmatic theme, Education as

258-509: A series of questions that were sent to 1,290 ACA members; 705 replies were received. After the results were tabulated, the data demonstrated that higher education did not harm women's health. The report, "Health Statistics of Female College Graduates", was published in 1885 in conjunction with the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor . This first research report is one of many conducted by AAUW during its history. In 1887,

301-668: A specific project or use and will not usually be given for projects that have already begun. Over the years the discipline of writing grant bids has developed into a specialised activity. Many organisations employ fundraising professionals to carry out this work. In the United Kingdom, the fundraising profession is governed by The Institute of Fundraising and is independently regulated by the Fundraising Regulator in England , Wales , and Northern Ireland and by

344-401: Is a financial award given by a government entity, foundation, corporation, or other organization to an individual or organization for a specific purpose. Unlike loans , grants do not need to be repaid, making them an attractive source of funding for various activities, such as research, education, public service projects, and business ventures. Examples include student grants , research grants,

387-687: Is identified as one of the 200 events that have shaped our destiny in the book What every American should know about women's history by Christine A. Lunardini. She helped found the literary club, Round Table. Israel died at his home in Hingham, Massachusetts on July 2, 1899, and was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery . After her husband's death, Talbot's health began to fail. She died in Holderness, New Hampshire at her summer home on October 29, 1900. Talbot and her daughter are also interred at Mount Auburn Cemetery. Grant (money) A grant

430-415: Is one of the world's largest sources of funding exclusively for women who have graduated from college. Each year, AAUW has provided $ 3.5 to $ 4 million in fellowships, grants , and awards for women and for community action projects. The Foundation also funds pioneering research on women, girls, and education. The organization funds studies germane to the education of women. The AAUW Legal Advocacy Fund (LAF),

473-702: The Scottish Fundraising Standards Panel in Scotland . The grant writing process generally includes searching and proposal-writing for competitive grant funds. Traditional search methods - for example referring to the Charities Aid Foundation Directory of Grant Making Trusts - are quickly becoming replaced by online fundraising tools. Because grants are sometimes received in advance of the activity they are to resource, and would need to be returned to

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516-718: The Sovereign Grant paid by the UK Treasury to the monarch , and some European Regional Development Fund payments in the European Union . Grants can be categorized into several types based on the purpose and the source of funding. Government grants are awarded by federal, state, provincial, local and/or municipal governments to support projects that benefit the public. These can include funding for scientific research, infrastructure development, public health initiatives, and education programs. Examples include

559-458: The government to students attending post-secondary education institutions . In certain cases, a part of a government loan is issued as a grant, particularly pertaining to promising students seeking financial support for continuing their educations. Grant compliance and reporting requirements vary depending upon the type of grant and funding agency. In the case of research grants involving human or animal subjects, additional involvement with

602-525: The ACA participated in a larger effort led by a group of American women which ultimately raised $ 156,413 to purchase a gram of radium for Marie Curie for her experiments. In 1921, the ACA merged with the Southern Association of College Women to create the AAUW, although local branches continued to be the backbone of AAUW. The policy of expansion greatly increased both the size and the impact of

645-887: The American Association of University Women, the National Women's Law Center , the National Women's Political Caucus , Girls, Inc. , Legal Momentum , End Rape on Campus, Equal Rights Advocates and the Women's Sports Foundation said that, "as organizations that fight every day for equal opportunities for all women and girls, we speak from experience and expertise when we say that nondiscrimination protections for transgender people—including women and girls who are transgender—are not at odds with women's equality or well-being, but advance them" and that "we support laws and policies that protect transgender people from discrimination, including in participation in sports, and reject

688-692: The Association, from a small, local organization to a nationwide network of college educated women, and by 1929, there were 31,647 members and 475 branches. During World War II, AAUW officially began raising money to assist female scholars displaced by the Nazi led occupation who were unable to continue their work. The War Relief Fund received numerous pleas for help and worked tirelessly to find teaching and other positions for refugee women at American schools and universities and in other countries. Individual branch members of AAUW also participated by signing immigration affidavits of support. During 1940, its inaugural year,

731-897: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which focuses on global health and development, and the Ford Foundation, which supports human rights and social justice initiatives. Corporations often establish grant programs as part of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts. These grants support community development, environmental sustainability, and other initiatives that align with the company’s values and business goals. Examples include Google's AI for Social Good program and Walmart's Community Grant Program. Educational grants are provided to support students and educational institutions. These can be merit-based, need-based, or designated for specific fields of study. The Fulbright Program, which offers grants for international educational exchange, and

774-505: The CanExport program helps businesses expand into international markets by covering expenses related to travel, marketing, and trade shows. Unlike interest-free loans, grants do not need to be repaid, making them an attractive funding option for businesses looking to reduce financial risk. Private foundations provide grants to support various causes, ranging from social services and education to arts and culture. Notable foundations include

817-676: The Commission in Brussels. Due to the complexity of the funding mechanisms involved and especially the high competitiveness of the grant application processes (14%) professional Grant Consulting firms are gaining importance in the grant writing process. EU grants should not be confused with EU tenders, although there can be some similarities. Another funding body in Europe is the European Research Council established by

860-853: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The European Commission provides financing through numerous specific calls for project proposals. These may be within Framework Programmes . Although there are many 7-year programmes that are renewed that provide money for various purposes. These may be structural funds , youth programmes and education programmes . There are also occasional one-off grants to deal with unforeseen aspects or special projects and themes. Most of these are administered through what are called National Agencies, but some are administered directly through

903-727: The European Commission in 2007: see European Research Council#Grants offered . Similarly there are calls and various projects that are funded by this council. The European Commission and the Council of Europe also operate a joint grant-funding programme. Denmark has an educational universal grant system, SU ( Statens Uddannelsesstøtte , the State Education Fund). It is available to all students from 18 years of age, with no upper limit, who are currently taking courses. There are two systems of SU. In addition to

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946-662: The Gateway to Women's Economic Security. Along with three other organizations, it founded the CTM Madison Family Theatre in 1965. AAUW joined forces with other women's organizations in August 2011 to launch HERVotes to mobilize women voters in 2012 on preserving health and economic rights. In 2011, the AAUW Action Fund launched an initiative to encourage women to vote in the 2012 election. The campaign

989-566: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants for biomedical research are prominent examples. Grants serve a wide array of purposes, each designed to address specific needs or goals. Research grants are essential for advancing knowledge and innovation in various fields, including science, technology, medicine, and social sciences. These grants enable researchers to conduct experiments, collect data, and publish findings that can lead to breakthroughs and new technologies. Agencies like

1032-627: The National Science Foundation (NSF) and the European Research Council (ERC) are major funders of research grants. Educational grants help increase access to education by providing financial support to students and institutions. These grants can cover tuition fees, books, and living expenses, making higher education more accessible to disadvantaged populations. Teacher training and curriculum development programs also benefit from educational grants, improving

1075-610: The Pell Grant in the United States, which helps low-income students pay for college, and the Horizon Europe program, which funds research and innovation projects across Europe. For businesses, government grants are financial contributions provided by federal, provincial, or municipal governments to help businesses achieve specific goals, such as innovation, expansion, job creation, and export development. For example, in Canada,

1118-617: The United States, grants most often come from a wide range of government departments or an even wider range of public and private trusts and foundations. According to the Foundation Center there are over 88,000 trusts and foundations in the country that collectively distribute more than $ 40 billion annually. Conducting research on trusts and foundations can be a slightly more intricate process, often requiring access to subscription-based directories or databases for comprehensive information. Most often, education grants are issued by

1161-488: The War Relief Committee raised $ 29,950 for distribution with 350 branches contributing. The organization was "largely apolitical" until the 1960s. On the other hand, women in the workforce had increased to the extent that they made up 38% of workers by the end of the 1960s. Women graduating from college were looking for good employment. Membership in 1960 was at 147,920 women, most of them middle class. AAUW

1204-797: The Westborough Insane Hospital by sitting on the Board of Trustees. Talbot supported the Massachusetts Infant Asylum since it was founded. She was a founder and then trustee of the Westboro Insane Hospital, that was co-founded with her husband. After the end of the Civil War (1861–1865), there was an increase in the number of schools that women could attend. The expectation, though, was generally that women would not graduate and pursue

1247-525: The awarding or renewal of contracts and grants, or attempting to influence legislative or regulatory action" would generally not be treated as eligible for grant funding and therefore funded organisations would need to fund these activities in some other way. The Scottish Government has indicated it would not be introducing similar measures. As of 2021, 6 out of the top 10 charities in England and Wales (as measured by expenditure on charitable activities) make grants to individuals and/or organisations. In

1290-784: The creation and preservation of artistic works, the operation of cultural institutions, and the promotion of cultural heritage. Organizations like the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and the Arts Council England provide funding for artists, museums, theaters, and other cultural entities. Environmental grants support projects that protect and restore natural resources, promote sustainable practices, and address climate change. These grants fund activities such as habitat restoration, renewable energy development, and environmental education. Notable examples include grants from

1333-593: The funder if their purpose could not be fulfilled, good accounting practice requires that grant income is not recognised "until there is reasonable assurance that the entity will adhere to the conditions which are attached to the grant". In 2016, the UK Government introduced proposals to include an "anti-lobbying clause" in grant-funding agreements, i.e. payments which "support lobbying or activity intended to influence or attempt to influence Parliament, Government or political parties, or attempting to influence

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1376-655: The government grant scheme, more than 35,000 grants in Denmark exists, which is the second largest number of foundations in Europe by country. The foundations are estimated to possess 400 billion Danish kroner (US$ 60 billion) in accessible funds. Grant-giving organizations in Ireland include the Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology and Science Foundation Ireland for research grants. Major grant organisations funded and operated by

1419-620: The government include: Grants are made available in the United Kingdom for a variety of business, charitable and research purposes. The biggest grant distributors are government departments and agencies which offer grants to third-party organisations (often a charitable organisation ) to carry out statutory work on their behalf. Other major grant distributors in the United Kingdom are the National Lottery , charitable trusts and corporate foundations (through Corporate Social Responsibility policies). For example, Google contributes to

1462-433: The grants process through its Google Grants programme, where any charitable organization can benefit financially from free Google Ads advertising if they share Google's social responsibility outcomes. Grants are time limited (usually between one and three years) and are offered to implement existing government policies, to pilot new ways of doing things or to secure agreed outcomes. A grant will usually only be given for

1505-437: The quality of education. Community development grants aim to improve the quality of life in communities through projects that address issues such as housing, public safety, economic development, and social services. These grants can fund the construction of affordable housing, the establishment of community centers, and programs that provide job training and support to underserved populations. Grants for arts and culture support

1548-538: The resources, skills, and networks they need to lead change on campuses and in communities nationwide. The student leadership conference is held annually in Washington, D.C. Local chapters frequently host speakers who highlight a variety of topics related to women such as Molly Murphy MacGregor , a co-founder of the National Women's History Alliance. A statement by 16 women's rights organizations including

1591-402: The suggestion that cisgender women and girls benefit from the exclusion of women and girls who happen to be transgender." Emily Fairbanks Talbot Emily Fairbanks Talbot (February 22, 1834 – October 29, 1900) was an American philanthropist. Talbot and her daughter Marion Talbot founded the organization that became the American Association of University Women . Emily H. Fairbanks

1634-503: Was aimed to increase the number of votes by women and to advance initiatives supporting education and equity for women and girls. AAUW's 2011 research report addresses sexual harassment in grades seven through 12. AAUW's national convention is held biennially. AAUW sponsors a student leadership conference, called the National Conference of College Women Student Leaders (NCCWSL) designed to help women college students access

1677-664: Was born February 22, 1834, in Winthrop, Maine , the daughter of Lydia Wood Tinkham and Columbus Fairbanks, a farmer. She was the eighth of nine children. In 1850, Phebe W. and Charles W. Fairbanks were at home with Emily and their parents. Three of Emily's siblings died within their first two years of life. She was a schoolteacher and advocated for higher learning for women and health reform. Emily married Israel Tisdale Talbot in 1856, becoming Emily Fairbanks Talbot. Her husband, born on October 29, 1829, in Sharon, Massachusetts ,

1720-520: Was broad in purpose and consisted of five committees: fine arts, outdoor occupations, domestic professions, press and journalism, and higher education of women in the West. In 1888, WACA awarded its first fellowship of $ 350 to Ida Street , a Vassar College graduate, to conduct research at the University of Michigan . In 1889, WACA merged with the ACA, further expanding the groups' capacity. In 1919,

1763-525: Was director of the Boston homeopathic hospital and a founder, professor of surgery, and dean of the Boston University Medical School . He was involved in many public matters, which his wife shared with him. They had six children, four of whom survived their parents: Talbot is also described as a co-worker with her husband, "not just assisting her husband". She was particularly involved in homeopathic medical care and serving

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1806-433: Was officially founded on January 14, 1882. The ACA also worked to improve standards of education for women so that men and women's higher education was more equal in scope and difficulty. At the beginning of 1884, the ACA had been meeting only in Boston. However, as more women across the country became interested in its work, the Association saw that expansion into branches was necessary to carry on its work. Washington, D.C.,

1849-499: Was the first branch to be created in 1884, and New York, Pacific (San Francisco), Philadelphia, and Boston branches followed in 1886. In 1885, the organization took on one of its first major projects: they essentially had to justify their right to exist. A common belief held at the time that a college education would harm a woman's health and result in infertility. This myth was supported by Harvard-educated Boston physician Dr. Edward H. Clarke. An ACA committee led by Annie Howes created

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