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31-548: The CPR-1000 is built and operated by the China General Nuclear Power Group (CGNPG), formerly known as China Guangdong Nuclear Power. Progressively more Chinese manufactured components were used in the units; the second unit built had 70% of its equipment manufactured in China, with a 90% Chinese content target for later builds. On 15 July 2010, China's first CPR-1000 nuclear power plant, Ling Ao-3 ,

62-567: A core catcher and double containment as additional safety measures and ten major technical improvements over its predecessor the CPR-1000. It was the first Chinese reactor to have a domestically developed digital control system. Unit 5 and 6 at Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant are similarly classified as ACPRs. Yangjiang 5 was the first construction of an ACPR-1000 reactor, starting in late 2013. It began commercial operation in July 2018. Following

93-468: A 177 assembly core design with an 18-month refuelling cycle. The power plant's utilisation rate is as high as 90%. CNNC has said its active and passive safety systems, double-layer containment and other technologies meet the highest international safety standards. The Hualong One is now largely seen as the replacement for all previous Chinese nuclear reactor designs, and has been exported overseas. CNNC plans to start building Hualong Two by 2024. It will be

124-694: A cooperation agreement with the Baishan municipal government in Jilin province for the Baishan Nuclear Energy Heating Demonstration Project, which would use a DHR-400. In July 2019, CNNC announced it would start building a demonstration ACP100 small modular reactor on the north-west side of the existing Changjiang Nuclear Power Plant by the end of the year. Design of the ACP100 started in 2010. It will be

155-467: A fully integrated reactor module with an internal coolant system, with a 2-year refueling interval, producing 385 MWt and about 125 MWe. In July 2021 the announcement was made that the construction of the first ACP100 has been started. The beginning of the installation phase was announced in December 2022; by March 2023, the main internal structure of the reactor building was completed. The reactor type

186-605: A government bureau for the national nuclear industry and reported directly to the State Council. It oversaw China's nuclear-related corporations, manufacturers, institutions, research institutes, and plants, including those related to nuclear weapons. It was responsible for the design and operation of nuclear power plants ; nuclear fuel production and supply, including the processing of natural uranium , uranium conversion and enrichment, fuel assembly fabrication, spent fuel reprocessing , and nuclear waste disposal. In 1988

217-515: A more economical version using similar technology, taking a year less to build with about a quarter less in construction costs. In September 2016 it was announced that SNC-Lavalin has signed an agreement in principle with CNNC and the Shanghai Electric Group to design, market and build the advanced CANDU reactor . Its ability to use reprocessed uranium will reduce China's stock of spent nuclear fuel . CNNC has developed

248-488: A partnership with Areva and EDF to develop a reactor based on the CPR-1000, which may create a design converged with Mitsubishi and Areva 's 1000 MWe Atmea reactor. CNP-1000 is a similar 3-loop-design by CNNC , but with a different reactor core. In 2010, CGNPG announced a further design evolution to a Generation III level, the ACPR-1000 , which would also replace intellectual property right-limited components from

279-532: A pool-type light-water reactor for district heating, called the DHR-400 (District Heating Reactor 400 MWt). It operates at low temperature and air pressure, so is easy to operate and decommission. Building cost is 1.5 billion yuan ($ 230 million), taking three years to build. It is well suited for the existing centralised heating systems of northern Chinese cities, currently often coal fueled. In February 2019, China's State Power Investment Corporation (SPIC) signed

310-421: Is AREVA's 17x17 AFA 3G M5, which can be fabricated in China. Other features include has a design life that could extend beyond 40 years and an 18-month fuel cycle. It has a digital instrumentation and control system, and is equipped with hydrogen recombiners and containment spray pumps. The original M310 reactors at Daya Bay and Ling Ao Phase 1 are sometimes also called CPR-1000s, but these are closely based on

341-825: Is supervised by the State Council via the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission . In August 2020, the United States Department of Defense published the names of companies linked to the People's Liberation Army operating directly or indirectly in the United States. CNNC and CNECC were included on the list. In November 2020, Donald Trump issued an executive order prohibiting any American company or individual from owning shares in companies that

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372-607: The CGN ACPR-1000 design, while allowing some differences, under direction of the Chinese nuclear regulator. Both are three-loop designs originally based on the same French M310 design used in Daya Bay with 157 fuel assemblies, but went through different development processes (CNNC's ACP-1000 has a more domestic design with 177 fuel assemblies while CGN's ACPR-1000 is a closer copy with 157 fuel assemblies). In early 2014, it

403-561: The Fukushima nuclear disaster , a revised design called at the time ACPR-1000+ was described. Features include double containment to protect against external explosions and airplanes, improved seismic capability to 0.3 g, increased core thermal margins and improved operation systems. The gross power output has been increased to 1150 MWe. The ACPR-1000+ was envisaged for export from 2014. Since 2011, CNNC has been progressively merging its ACP-1000 nuclear power station design with

434-675: The Premier of the People's Republic of China . CNNC oversees all aspects of China's civilian and military nuclear programs. According to its own mission statement, it "is a main part of the national nuclear technology industry and a leading element of national strategic nuclear forces and nuclear energy development." Its headquarters are in Xicheng District, Beijing . The Ministry of Nuclear Industry built China's first atom bomb, hydrogen bomb and nuclear submarine . It functioned as

465-727: The CNP-1000 was stopped in favour of the ACP-1000. In 2013, China announced that it had independently developed the Generation III ACP-1000, with Chinese authorities claiming full intellectual property rights over the design. As a result of the success of the Hualong One project, no ACP-1000 reactors have been built to date. CNNC had originally planned to use the ACP-1000 in Fuqing reactor 5 and 6 but switched over to

496-585: The CPR-1000. CGNPG aimed to be able to independently market the ACPR-1000 for export by 2013. CGNPG has been conducting the development work in cooperation with Dongfang Electric , Shanghai Electric , Harbin Electric , China First Heavy Industries and China Erzhong . The core of the ACPR1000 comprises 157 fuel assemblies (active length 14 ft) and has a design life of 60 years. Other features include

527-491: The Chinese nuclear regulator review panel classified the design as a Generation III reactor design, with independently owned intellectual property rights. As a result of the success of the merger, ACP-1000 and ACPR-1000 designs are no longer being offered. China General Nuclear Power Group Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include

558-602: The French 900 MW e design (M310), with net power output below 1,000 MW e , and using mostly imported components. Some CPR-1000 intellectual property rights are retained by Areva , which limits overseas sales potential. However the Financial Times reported in 2010 that Areva was considering marketing the CPR-1000 as a smaller and simpler second-generation reactor design alongside its larger EPR , for countries that are new to nuclear power. In January 2012, CGNPG agreed

589-458: The Hualong One will differ slightly (units built by CGN will retain some features from the ACPR1000) but the design is considered to be standardised. Some 85% of its components will be made domestically. The Hualong One power output will be 1170 MWe gross, 1090 MWe net, with a 60-year design life, and would use a combination of passive and active safety systems with a double containment. It has

620-665: The Hualong One. In 2012, central planners in Beijing directed China General Nuclear (CGN) and the other large nuclear builder and operator, CNNC to 'rationalise' their Generation III reactor design programs. This meant CGN's ACPR1000 and CNNC's ACP1000, both of which were based on the French Generation II M310 , were 'merged' into one standardised design - the Hualong One . After the merger, both companies retain their own supply chain and their versions of

651-559: The Ministry of Nuclear Industry was re-organised and became the CNNC. The corporatization was partly carried out to gain funds from outside of the government via exports. In the mid-1990s, CNNC had 300,000 employees and managed 200 organisations. Kang Rixin , a senior general manager is currently being investigated (as of August 10, 2009) for $ 260 million that was earmarked for the construction of three nuclear plants and allegedly used

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682-478: The United States Department of Defense has listed as having links to the People's Liberation Army, which included the two companies above. CNNC is the only exporter of Chinese nuclear power plants. The CNP Generation II nuclear reactors (and Generation III successor ACP) were a series of nuclear reactors developed by China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), and are predecessors of

713-640: The basis of the M310 , CGN developed an improved Generation II pressurized water reactor called CPR-1000. CPR-1000 takes a large proportion in all the reactors being built in China. The M310 uses as its base design units 5 & 6 of the Gravelines Nuclear Power Station in France. The CPR-1000 has a 1086 MWe capacity, a three-loop design and 157 fuel assemblies (active length 12 ft), enriched to 4.5% U-235. The fuel assembly design

744-504: The details below. Request from 172.68.168.150 via cp1114 cp1114, Varnish XID 871281363 Upstream caches: cp1114 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 08:38:21 GMT CNNC The China National Nuclear Corporation ( CNNC ; Chinese : 中国核工业集团公司 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó Hé Gōngyè Jítuán Gōngsī ) is a state-owned enterprise founded in 1955 in Beijing . CNNC's president and vice-president are appointed by

775-528: The funds for the stock market sustaining heavy losses. He is also accused of accepting bribes from a foreign company that intended to build nuclear power stations in China. As of 2014 CNNC has 100,000 employees and 110 subsidiaries. It has 4 nuclear power plants with 9 reactors in operation with a generation capacity of 6.5 GWe, with a further 12 reactors under construction. In June 2015, CNNC announced it would aim to raise 13.19 billion Chinese yuan in an initial public offering , that if successful, would be

806-608: The largest in China in almost four years previously. In September 2015, CNNC signed a memorandum of understanding with Bill Gates -backed TerraPower for the construction of a traveling wave reactor . In September, CNNC announced a project with the UK's National Nuclear Laboratory to create the Joint Research and Innovation Centre. The centre will investigate aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle . The UK and China will jointly fund

837-678: The more current Hualong One design. The CNP series of Generation II reactors started with the CNP-300 pressurized water reactor, was the first reactor design developed domestically in China. The first unit began operation at Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant in 1991. A larger version of the reactor, the CNP-600 was developed based on both the CNP-300 and the M310 reactor design used in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant . It

868-426: The project over five years at the cost of £50 million. As of 2017, CNNC was developing a 400 MW th heat-only reactor for district heating . In 2018, CNNC acquired nuclear power plant builder China Nuclear Engineering & Construction Corp (CNECC). It is one of the two most significant companies in China's uranium mining and nuclear power sectors (the other being China General Nuclear Power Group ). CNNC

899-463: Was announced that the merged design was moving from preliminary design to detailed design. Power output will be 1150 MWe, with a 60-year design life, and would use a combination of passive and active safety systems with a double containment. CNNC's 177 fuel assembly design was retained. Initially the merged design was to be called the ACC-1000, but ultimately it was named Hualong One . In August 2014

930-533: Was connected to the grid, having started criticality testing on 11 June 2010. It started commercial operations on 27 September 2010, with Ling Ao-4 starting commercial operation on 7 August 2011. 18 CPR-1000 reactors have been built as of December 2019. Besides Ling Ao unit 3 & 4, the CPR-1000 reactor has been realised in Fangchenggang (unit 1 & 2), Fangjiashan (unit 1 & 2), Hongyanhe (unit 1–4), Ningde (unit 1–4), Yangjiang (unit 1–4). On

961-480: Was installed at Changjiang Nuclear Power Plant , with two units operational from 2015 and 2016, respectively. A Generation III ACP-600 successor was also developed but none were built. A three loop, 1000-MW version of the CNP reactor, the CNP-1000, was under development since the 1990s with the help of vendors Westinghouse and Framatome (now AREVA). 4 units of the CNP-1000 were later built at Fuqing NPP . Further work on

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