91-624: (Redirected from AF-1 ) AF1 or AF-1 may refer to: Air Force One , the air traffic callsign for the plane (if operated by the Air Force) that the President of the United States is aboard Arena Football League , a new Arena football league in the US that was originally planned to be named Arena Football 1 USS Bridge (AF-1) ,
182-571: A supersonic aircraft that could function as Air Force One. Contracts have been signed with Exosonic , Hermeus , and Boom . During the Johnson Administration , the United States Air Force acquired a Beechcraft King Air B90 which was designated VC-6A (66-7943). The aircraft was used to transport President Johnson between Bergstrom Air Force Base and his family ranch near Johnson City, Texas , and
273-580: A Pan Am-crewed Boeing 314 flying boat , on a flight that covered 5,500 miles (8,890 km) in three legs. Concerned about relying upon commercial airlines to transport the president, officials of the United States Army Air Forces , the predecessor of the US Air Force, ordered the conversion of a military aircraft to accommodate the special needs of the commander-in-chief . In 1943, a C-87A transport, number 41-24159,
364-629: A VC-137A on his visit to Russia in July 1959 for the Kitchen Debates . The following month, Eisenhower became the first president to fly via jet airplane when he used SAM 970 , nicknamed "Queenie" , to meet German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer. During Eisenhower's " Flight to Peace " goodwill tour in December 1959, he visited 11 Asian nations, flying 22,000 miles (35,000 km) in 19 days, twice as fast as he could have covered that distance in one of
455-489: A civilian flight on which the US president is aboard. On 26 December 1973, President Richard Nixon and his family flew as commercial passengers on a United DC-10 from Washington Dulles to Los Angeles International Airport . His staff explained that this was done to conserve fuel by not having to fly the usual Boeing 707 Air Force aircraft. In November 1999, President Bill Clinton flew from Ankara , Turkey, to Cengiz Topel Naval Air Station outside Izmit, Turkey, aboard
546-496: A color scheme designed to reduce visual detection that consists of shades of flat gray with exterior markings applied in a contrasting shade of gray. Note that the stated purpose of this document is to standardize paint schemes and application of naval insignia and markings. Aircraft camouflage was first used during World War I and was employed extensively during the first half of World War II . After radar detection systems were developed, aircraft camouflage became less important to
637-514: A couple days or more, bringing the presidential limousine and Sikorsky VH-60 Black Hawk helicopters, along with Secret Service personnel and several hundred maintenance crew. Longer trips are accompanied by tankers, such as the McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender , to limit the need to stop for fuel and ensure that AF1 does not take fuel from an unvetted source. The support aircraft will often use several airports in
728-400: A marked C-20C (Gulfstream III) using the call sign Air Force One , escorted by three F-16s. On 8 March 2000, President Clinton flew to Pakistan aboard an unmarked Gulfstream III while another aircraft with the call sign Air Force One flew on the same route a few minutes later. This diversion was reported by several US press outlets. On 1 May 2003, President George W. Bush flew in
819-441: A more contemporary water blue to represent an America both rooted in the past and flying inexorably into the future. The presidential seal was added to both sides of the fuselage near the nose and a large American flag was painted on the tail. Loewy's work won immediate praise from the president and the press. The cheatline suggested a sleek and horizontal image that mirrored America's Jet Age optimism and prosperity of
910-437: A region to minimize the impact to one particular airport, and Secret Service may also preposition a Gulfstream C-37B or Boeing E-4 in a neighboring region for backup. In addition to the President, staff, and flight crew, a VC-25A can carry 102 guests in typical domestic business-class seats . The back-up VC-25 typically flies with 14 crew, two pilots, six flight crew, two cooks, and four flight attendants. When transporting
1001-609: A stateroom in the aft fuselage and a main cabin that could seat 24 passengers or could be made up into 12 sleeper berths. It is now housed at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio . Eisenhower introduced four propeller-driven aircraft to presidential service. This group included two Lockheed C-121 Constellations : aircraft Columbine II (VC-121A 48-610) and Columbine III (VC-121E 53-7885). They were named by First Lady Mamie Eisenhower for
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#17327977077861092-442: A system of affiliate air carriers. These feeder airlines operate regional jets and other types of smaller utility air-taxi type aircraft, typically painted in ways that mimic (whether through distinctive fonts, colour combinations, or cheatline arrangements) the respective liveries of the operators with which they are affiliated. They may carry sub-branding such as Airlink , Connection , Eagle , or Express juxtaposed with
1183-520: Is a restoration of a past livery for publicity purposes or to stress the length of an airline's experience or tradition. Airlines, the media, and enthusiasts call aircraft painted in heritage liveries "Retrojets." Airlines often apply and paint specialized liveries to their standard airline liveries and logos of their aircraft. Southwest Airlines is famous for its various liveries promoting Sea World (painted to resemble an Orca ), various US states where Southwest has operations (painted to resemble
1274-426: Is called a logo . Logos are also modified to fit curved surfaces and appear identical from diverse viewing angles. The colour or colours are specified in terms of colour matching and standardisation systems like Pantone or Federal Standard 595 . The resulting specification is called a colourway. Individual aircraft types most often have individually designed liveries which appear to be identical, but are not quite
1365-458: Is descending into you, we are not in contact with them – they have shut their responder [ sic ] off.' And at that time it kind of led us to believe maybe someone was coming into us in Sarasota, they saw us take off, they just stayed high and are following us at this point. We had no idea what the capabilities of the terrorists were at that point." Tillman then flew Air Force One over
1456-477: Is the official air traffic control -designated call sign for a United States Air Force aircraft carrying the president of the United States . The term is commonly used to denote U.S. Air Force aircraft modified and used to transport the president, and as a metonym for the primary presidential aircraft, VC-25 , although it can be used to refer to any Air Force aircraft the president travels on. The idea of designating specific military aircraft to transport
1547-591: Is usually set in a specific style. This is closely defined by typographical designers as a logotype. The specification covers: typeface (either a commercially available typeface, or else a specially designed and copyrighted custom typeface); type size; type case (capitals or "uppercase," upper and lowercase, lowercase only); cut (Romans or upright letters, italics or slanted letters, regular/condensed/expanded type); weight (bold, medium, light); proportion (defined as units of tight or loose setting, plus amount and degree of type kerning ). Size varies according to fleet member;
1638-537: The Air Force One call sign. Aircraft livery An aircraft livery is a set of comprehensive insignia comprising color, graphic, and typographical identifiers which operators ( airlines , governments , air forces and occasionally private and corporate owners) apply to their aircraft . As aircraft liveries evolved in the years after the Second World War , they became a leading subset of
1729-491: The Allies , and a number of late-war Allied aircraft were brought to battle with no camouflage. Subsequent camouflage schemes, when used, concentrated on hiding the aircraft from aerial observation while it was resting on or flying near the ground, or they used a light, neutral color to inhibit detection while in the air. Modern camouflage schemes have experimented with light-emitting active camouflage systems which seek to conceal
1820-595: The Columbines . SAM 970 to SAM 972 would be removed from the presidential role with the early-1960s arrival of the specially built VC-137C designated SAM 26000 . The older planes would be repainted in the Loewy secondary livery designed for Air Force Two and other non-presidential VIP aircraft. SAM 970 is now on display at The Museum of Flight in Seattle , Washington. SAM 971 , best remembered for returning
1911-513: The Gulf of Mexico in order, he later said, to test whether the other aircraft would follow. The other jet continued on its route, and Tillman said that it was later explained to him that an airliner had lost its transponder , which normally broadcasts an electronic identification signal, and that the pilots on board neglected to switch to another radio frequency. Later, Tillman received a warning of an imminent attack on Air Force One. "We got word from
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#17327977077862002-571: The Pokémon Jet . EVA Air partnered with Sanrio to create a number of "Hello Kitty Jets." Three multinational worldwide airline alliances have grown and developed their own aircraft liveries and corporate identities which encompass and transcend major carriers , mainline carriers , legacy carriers , and flag airlines ' individual airline identities along with any ties to regional, geopolitical , national boundaries, and government heritages. Oneworld , SkyTeam , and Star Alliance are
2093-487: The U.S. West Coast aboard the aircraft. In 2012, President Barack Obama took British Prime Minister David Cameron to a basketball game in Ohio. On 11 October 1910, Theodore Roosevelt became the first US president to fly in an aircraft, an early Wright Flyer from Kinloch Field near St. Louis , Missouri . He was no longer in office at the time, having been succeeded by William Howard Taft . The record-making occasion
2184-663: The Yalta Conference in February 1945. The National Security Act of 1947 , the legislation that created the US Air Force, was signed by President Harry S. Truman aboard the VC-54C. He replaced the VC-54C in 1947 with a modified C-118 Liftmaster , calling it the Independence after his Missouri hometown. It was given a distinctive exterior, as its nose was painted like the head of a bald eagle . The plane included
2275-422: The columbine , official state flower of her adopted home state of Colorado . Two Aero Commanders were also added to the fleet. Columbine II is the first plane to bear the call sign Air Force One. This designation for the US Air Force aircraft carrying the incumbent president was established after a 1954 incident in which a commercial flight, Eastern Air Lines 8610, crossed paths with Air Force 8610, which
2366-495: The oath of office aboard SAM 26000 . On Johnson's orders, the plane carried Kennedy's body back to Washington. A decade later, SAM 26000 took Johnson's body home to Texas after his state funeral in Washington. The U.S. Air Force usually does not have fighter aircraft escort the presidential aircraft over the United States but it has occurred. The first instance came during the state funeral of John F. Kennedy when it
2457-412: The 1920s. Cheatlines may be in single ("rules") or multiple ("tramlines") bands, and in one or more colours. Cheatlines migrated from the window line to below or occasionally above it. They also melded other decorative elements like stylised lightning bolts , feathers , moustaches , national flags and colours, and elements of the airline's title and emblem. The popularity of cheatlines declined from
2548-404: The 1950s and 1960s, aircraft liveries have usually been uniform livery across an entire fleet. One-off custom-designs might be applied from time to time to individual fleet members to highlight set occasions. Painting in multiple layers has evolved into the application of a basecoat -clearcoat system. The new method improves gloss, color retention, and drying speed. It can also double the life of
2639-605: The 1960s and 1970s; and the current Boeing VC-25As . Since 1990, the presidential fleet has consisted of two highly customized Boeing 747-200B (VC-25A) aircraft. The USAF has ordered two Boeing 747-8s to serve as the next presidential aircraft, designated VC-25Bs and expected to enter service no earlier than 2026. From time to time, presidents have invited other world leaders to travel with them on Air Force One. In 1973, Nixon invited Soviet general secretary Leonid Brezhnev to fly with him to California from Washington, D.C. In 1983, President Reagan and Queen Elizabeth II toured
2730-569: The 1970s onwards and today they are comparatively rare, except in aircraft liveries which intentionally seek to induce a retro style , perhaps suggesting long tradition. In aircraft livery design, a " hockey stick " means a continuation of the cheatline which is rotated through an angle so as to sweep upwards over the tail fin. Among the first hockey stick liveries were the Eastern Airlines ' 1964 jet livery and Alitalia 's 1970 livery. Hockey stick aircraft liveries remained in fashion until
2821-481: The 1990s and 2000s, two of the three main airline alliances adopted Billboard liveries for application to selected aircraft operated by alliance member airlines. Low-cost carriers such as Ryanair and easyJet have also employed the use of Billboard liveries on their aircraft. Commemorative liveries are used to celebrate a milestone in an airline’s history, including anniversaries. One such example would be ATA Airlines "25th-anniversary" paint scheme, celebrating
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2912-470: The Air Force One call sign. After the deaths of former Presidents Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan, VC-25 aircraft flew their remains to their home states of Michigan and California, respectively. On 27 April 2009, a low-flying VC-25 circled New York City for a photo-op and training exercise , alarming many New Yorkers. During Joe Biden's 2023 visit to Ukraine , the Air Force One call sign
3003-806: The Americans held during the Iran hostage crisis in 1981, is on display at the Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona . SAM 972 was scrapped in October 1996. The new VC-137C was not yet modified for presidential service when John F. Kennedy took office in 1961. On the recommendation of his wife, Jacqueline Kennedy , he contacted the French-born American industrial designer Raymond Loewy for help in designing new livery and interiors for
3094-564: The Gulfstream C-37 variant on a personal trip in 2009 to visit the production of August Wilson 's Joe Turner's Come and Gone in New York. Several Boeing C-17 Globemaster IIIs typically accompany the president whenever he travels, carrying the presidential limousines and other support vehicles, and have been rumored to have discreetly transported presidents and vice presidents in and out of Iraq and Afghanistan without using
3185-535: The Kennedy administration's brand. SAM 26000 was in service from 1962 to 1998, serving Presidents Kennedy to Clinton . On 22 November 1963, SAM 26000 carried President Kennedy to Dallas, Texas, where it served as the backdrop as the Kennedys greeted well-wishers at Dallas's Love Field . Later that afternoon, Kennedy was assassinated , and Vice President Lyndon Johnson assumed the office of President and took
3276-526: The President, the primary VC-25A has three cooks and 15 flight attendants, 20 or more Secret Service agents, and some 40 members of the presidential press pool . During international state visits, another aircraft may be chartered to accommodate another 150 or more journalists and security personnel. On 11 September 2001 , George W. Bush was interrupted as he attended an event at Emma E. Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Florida , after an airplane hit
3367-545: The Second World War, the "default solution" for aircraft livery design was to leave the aircraft exterior unpainted and decorated only with the airline's title, plus possibly an emblem or monogram. When the world's first all-metal airliners, such as the Boeing 247 , Douglas DC-2 , and Douglas DC-3 , entered service in the 1930s, the sleekness of their shiny exteriors provided an imaginative canvas for livery design. At
3458-707: The South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. He took off on a VC-25 from Sarasota-Bradenton International Airport piloted by Colonel Mark Tillman, the senior pilot of Air Force One that day. Some time later, air traffic controllers warned Tillman that a passenger jet was nearby and not responding to radio calls. Tillman recalls: "As we got over Gainesville, Florida , we got the word from Jacksonville Center. They said, 'Air Force One you have traffic behind you and basically above you that
3549-726: The US Navy, it was delivered in 1933 and based at the naval base at Anacostia in Washington, D.C. The aircraft remained in service as a presidential transport from 1939. During World War II, German submarines operating in the Atlantic Ocean made air travel the preferred method of VIP transatlantic transportation. In 1943, Roosevelt traveled to the Casablanca Conference in Morocco on the Dixie Clipper ,
3640-453: The United States along with many other parts of the world, large airlines often operate in association with other airlines which operate much smaller regional airliners so smaller communities are linked to an airlines large airline hub . To offer air travelers what appears as a seamless association with an airline that is much larger, more prominent, well known, or publicly perceived as more safe, major North American airlines have developed
3731-542: The VC-137C. Loewy, who had seen SAM 970 , complained to a friend in the White House that it "had a garish orange nose and looked too much like a military plane", Air Force One historian and former Smithsonian curator Von Hardesty told CNN . He offered Kennedy his design consultation services free of charge. Kennedy chose a red-and-gold design from one of Loewy's initial concept sketches, and asked him to render
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3822-540: The aft fuselage, appeared in a flyover of Lake Washington during the Boeing Seafair Air Show in August of that year. Alaska Airlines has painted several aircraft in its fleet with promotional liveries for other companies such as its Disneyland , Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge , and "Go Cougs" liveries. All Nippon Airways has featured a number of aircraft in a promotional Pokémon livery, known as
3913-671: The aging 707 VC-137 variants he used. The interior designs, drawn up by First Lady Nancy Reagan , were reminiscent of the American Southwest . When President George W. Bush left office in January 2009, he flew to Texas in a VC-25 that used call sign SAM 28000, as it did not carry the current president of the United States. Similar arrangements were made for former presidents Ronald Reagan , Bill Clinton , and Barack Obama . President Donald Trump flew to his Mar-a-Lago estate shortly before his tenure as president ended, under
4004-612: The airline's inception under George Mikelson , the founder of American Trans Air , or SkyWest Airlines paint scheme used to commemorate the 30th anniversary of that airline. South African Airways had one of their Boeing 747-300s specially painted in rainbow colors to transport the South African Olympic team to the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia . The aircraft was dubbed the Ndizani . A heritage livery
4095-718: The bare metal look, American Airlines , adopted a painted livery in 2013. Other passenger airlines, including Aeroflot , Aeromexico , Air Canada , CP Air , Cathay Pacific , Condor Flugdienst , JAT Yugoslav Airlines , Lufthansa , Northwest Airlines , SAS Scandinavian Airlines System , TAROM , US Airways , and Western Airlines also employed unadorned bare metal in whole or part of their liveries for set periods or as an experiment. Cargo carriers like Cargolux , Flying Tiger Line , JAL Japan Airlines Cargo , Korean Air Cargo , and Seaboard World Airlines often claimed that their bare metal liveries save weight. Counterclaims stated that extra maintenance costs cancel this benefit. Among
4186-630: The co-pilot seat of a Sea Control Squadron Thirty-Five ( VS-35 ) S-3B Viking from Naval Air Station North Island , California to the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln off the California coast, where Bush delivered his "Mission Accomplished" speech . During the flight, the aircraft used the call sign of " Navy One " for the first time. This aircraft is now on display at the National Naval Aviation Museum at Naval Air Station Pensacola , Florida. Barack Obama used
4277-734: The coating and weigh possibly 30% less than multiple layers. Paint can weigh up to 1,000 lb (450 kg) per aircraft. Decals and/or stickers are used for geometrically challenging elements such as titles and logos. To paint an A380 , 24 painters were needed over two weeks to apply 2,300 L (610 US gal) of paint in five coats for British Airways , to cover 3,500 m (38,000 sq ft) with 650 kg (1,430 lb). Emirates stripped and repainted one in 15 days with 34 people including seven days for painting, covering 3,076 m (33,110 sq ft) with 1,100 kg (2,400 lb) in seven coats. Airline liveries involve set individual elements. The airline's name
4368-484: The cost of acquiring a new aircraft. On 28 January 2015, the Air Force announced that the Boeing 747-8 would be the next presidential aircraft. On 6 December 2016, President-elect Donald Trump tweeted his opposition to the Air Force One replacement because of its high cost, "more than $ 4 billion". The US Government Accountability Office estimated the total cost at $ 3.2 billion, and the US Air Force's budget for
4459-535: The design all in blue. Loewy also drew inspiration from the first printed copy of the United States Declaration of Independence , suggesting the widely spaced and upper case "United States of America" legend in Caslon typeface. He chose to expose the polished aluminum fuselage on the bottom side and used two blues, steel blue associated with the early republic and the presidency, and
4550-493: The earliest recognisable elements of aircraft liveries was the cheatline. A cheatline is a decorative horizontal stripe applied to the sides of an aircraft fuselage . The etymology of the term stems from "cheating the eye" because the first cheatlines aimed to streamline aircraft visually by reducing the staccato impact of their cabin windows. US carriers like the predecessors of United Air Lines and TWA (then Transcontinental and Western Airlines ) adopted cheatlines as early as
4641-414: The early/mid-20th century. With the advent of stagecoaches , railway trains , and steamships , the term livery spread to their decoration. Since the 1950s, elements of airline liveries permeated ground vehicles , advertising , proprietary airport furniture , airline promotional materials and aircrew uniforms in an increasingly integrated manner, spreading to airline websites in the 1990s. Since
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#17327977077864732-433: The emerging disciplines of corporate identity and branding and among the most prominent examples of fashion . They have provided an arena for the work of distinguished designers and eminent lay people like Raymond Loewy , Alexander Girard , and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis . The term is an adaptation of the word livery : the uniform-style clothing worn by servants of wealthy families and government representatives until
4823-432: The era, and today signifies its legacy and tradition. Loewy's VC-137C livery was adapted for the larger VC-25A when it entered service in 1990, and the secondary variation (without the darker blue cheatline and cap over the cockpit) is still in use on USAF C-40 , C-37 , C-32 , and C-20 aircraft in standard (non-presidential) VIP configurations. The presidential paint scheme can also be seen on Union Pacific 4141 ,
4914-418: The flight with Continental Airlines , although it was actually flown by Colgan Air. Air transports of heads of state and government are often painted in unique color schemes. The U.S. president's aircraft, Air Force One , uses a light-blue and sky-blue color scheme, with the seal of the president of the United States just above the front gear and the flag of the United States on the tailfin . The livery
5005-657: The form of "Eurowhite" liveries in which white was the dominant colour. A side benefit of the overall white look was that it helped airline asset management . It did so by facilitating the hiring-out ( chartering in 1960s parlance or leasing from the 1970s) of individual fleet members during seasonal traffic troughs or economic downturns. Overall white aircraft could readily accept major elements of lessee liveries, and could equally rapidly revert to lessor liveries on return. Notable early Eurowhite liveries included UTA Union de Transports Aériens 's early 1970s livery and Air France 's 1976 livery. Pan Am 's 1983 “Billboard” livery
5096-423: The ground. This form of camouflage makes use of light and color patterns, and is dependent upon environmental conditions and is mainly effective against human observers, though some electronic visual acquisition systems can be affected. Visual camouflage does not protect an aircraft against radar location or heat-seeking electronics. Since the release of MIL-STD-2161 in 1993, the US Navy's tactical aircraft use
5187-618: The images of different animals and birds on its tail, JetBlue Airways , Mexicana , Pakistan International Airlines ' "ethnic tails," and PLUNA . British Airways ’ 1997 ethnic liveries were celebrated Jellybean examples. The 1970s saw the emergence of Billboard liveries. This places the airline title centrestage in the livery, often at the expense of the cheatline. Early adopters of Billboard liveries included UTA Union de Transports Aériens (UTA) , Seaboard World Airlines , Hughes Airwest , and LOT Polish Airlines . Western 's and Pan Am 's final liveries were celebrated Billboard examples. In
5278-403: The larger the aircraft, the larger the titling. Since type is designed to be customarily read from a flat surface, airline livery type is often modified to fit curved aircraft surfaces. The specifications result in a logotype : a cliche of type whose characteristics remain unchanged. The airline's monogram or emblem is defined in terms of geometry by graphic designers. The resulting specification
5369-451: The late 1970s/early '80s with Cathay Pacific still having them as late as 1994. In 1965, Braniff International Airways hired Alexander Girard to revamp their corporate identity. The eventual design involved painting the entire aircraft fuselage in one of several single bold colourways. The airline title was logotyped as "Braniff International" in custom designed italic capitals, with the initials pasted across airliner tail fins. The livery
5460-558: The lead ship of her class of stores ships for the US Navy Air Force 1 (shoe) , a shoe produced by Nike, Inc. Methyl fluoroacetate See also [ edit ] Air Force One (disambiguation) First Air Force (1 AF), USAF numbered air force [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
5551-399: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AF1&oldid=1136794582 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Air Force One Air Force One
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#17327977077865642-725: The locomotive used in George H. W. Bush 's funeral train. Under John F. Kennedy , presidential air travel entered the jet age. Although he could use the Eisenhower-era jets for trips to Canada, France, Austria , and the United Kingdom, when he came into office, his primary aircraft domestically was still a prop powered Douglas VC-118A Liftmaster . In October 1962, the modified long-range Boeing VC-137C Stratoliner SAM 26000 , featuring livery designed by Loewy would be delivered, and immediately became an important element of
5733-531: The manufacture of the presidential aircraft version of the 747 began during his presidency. The USAF issued a Request For Proposal in 1985 for two wide-body aircraft with a minimum of three engines and an unrefueled range of 6,000 miles (9,700 km). Boeing with the 747 and McDonnell Douglas with the DC-10 submitted proposals, and the Reagan Administration ordered two identical 747s to replace
5824-433: The mid-1960s. To ensure longevity, bare metal liveries involved intensive polishing and waxing during manufacture and in service. Nevertheless, the bare metal era survived into the 21st century, although composite-material airliners like the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and all Airbus jets cannot achieve the bare metal look without paint due to their material, which does not have metallic luster . The most notable proponent of
5915-647: The more widely recognised carrier name. A recent trend in North America is for the regional airline d/b/a Express , Eagle , or Connection , to operate the aircraft in full mainline airline markings, leaving the operating regional airlines name in only very small letters, close to the forward entry door. Such brandings noted to cause confusion among travelers, as in the case of the Colgan Air Continental Connection Flight 3407 crash in which people identified
6006-610: The mutually agreed upon "airline alliance liveries" of large numbers of independent and separately owned airlines working together as one through a system of codeshare agreements , rather than the colors of any one certificated airline. Unlike the other airline alliance consortium members, Oneworld will retain the "jellytail" airline logo markings of their individual airline alliance partner members upon each member airline's vertical stabilizer . Similar in terms of how multiple different airlines fly aircraft in full branding of standard Oneworld , SkyTeam , and Star Alliance liveries, in
6097-412: The plane the "Spirit of '76" in honor of the forthcoming bicentennial of the United States; that logo was painted on both sides of the plane's nose. SAM 26000 was replaced in December 1972 by another VC-137C, Special Air Mission 27000 , although SAM 26000 was relegated to non-presidential VIP status (and repainted without the darker blue cap and cheatline), it served as a backup to SAM 27000 until it
6188-612: The president arose during World War II when military advisors in the War Department were concerned about the risk of using commercial airlines for presidential travel. In 1944, a C-54 Skymaster was converted for use as the first purpose-built presidential aircraft. Dubbed the Sacred Cow and operated by the Army Air Force , it carried President Franklin D. Roosevelt to the Yalta Conference in February 1945 and
6279-541: The president back to Washington, D.C., was aborted due to concerns that Air Force One would be attacked at Andrews Air Force Base . Instead, Tillman landed at Barksdale Air Force Base , Louisiana , and Offutt Air Force Base , Nebraska , where the president made a speech. After these stops, the president was returned to Washington, D.C. The next day, officials at the White House and the Justice Department explained that President Bush did this because there
6370-466: The president to fly in a propeller-driven aircraft. This paved the way for the Air Force's initial procurement of three Boeing 707 -120 (VC-137A) jet aircraft , designated SAM (Special Air Missions) 970, 971 and 972 . The high-speed jet technology built into these aircraft enabled presidents from Eisenhower through Nixon to travel long distances more quickly for face-to-face meetings with world leaders. Then-Vice President Richard Nixon first used
6461-421: The program is projected to be nearly $ 4 billion. In December 2016, Boeing was on contract for preliminary development worth $ 170 million (~$ 212 million in 2023). On 1 August 2017, Defense One reported that, in an effort to pay less for the replacement program, the US Air Force contracted to purchase two of the bankrupt Russian airline Transaero 's undelivered 747-8 Intercontinentals from Boeing, which
6552-428: The same as those applied to other aircraft types operated by the same airline. Uniform liveries became generally adopted by the 1950s and '60s. Before then, individual airlines, notably Aeroflot and some US carriers like Delta Air Lines , used custom liveries designed for each individual aircraft type they operated. Aeroflot abandoned the practice as late as 1974, adopting a uniform livery across its fleet. Until after
6643-754: The states' flags), and other entities such as the NBA and the Ronald McDonald House . Boeing painted a pre-delivery 747-8 to commemorate the Seattle Seahawks' 2014 National Football Conference Championship and appearance in Super Bowl XLVIII. The livery features the Seahawks logo and a "12" on the tail in reference to the team's fans, who are known collectively as "the 12th man." An update in 2015, with "In it to win it!" added to
6734-650: The time, paint was expensive, fairly heavy, had relatively poor adherence to metal, and was prone to early bleaching, mechanical, and chemical damage; leaving the aircraft skin largely unpainted was logical and economical. As corrosion and paint research advanced and airliner lives lengthened, airframers began applying advanced primers and treatments to airliners during manufacture. Many airframers insisted on overall corrosion protection remaining in place throughout an airliner's service life, or at least throughout its diverse guarantee periods. This made bare metal liveries problematic; they began giving way to painted exteriors by
6825-455: The vice president and the staff that 'Angel was next,' indicating the classified call sign for Air Force One. Once we got into the Gulf [of Mexico] and they passed to us that 'Angel was next,' at that point I asked for fighter support. If an airliner was part of the attack, it would be good to have fighters on the wing to go ahead and take care of us." At this point, Tillman said that the plan to fly
6916-484: Was "specific and credible information that the White House and Air Force One were also intended targets". The White House could not confirm evidence of a threat to Air Force One, and investigation found the original claim to be a result of miscommunication. The VC-25As are to be replaced as the cost of maintaining the aging systems on their 30-year-old airframes and less efficient GE-CF6 engines has begun to surpass
7007-419: Was a brief overflight of the crowd at a county fair but was nonetheless the beginning of presidential air travel. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first president to fly in an aircraft while in office. The first aircraft obtained specifically for presidential travel was a Douglas Dolphin amphibian modified with luxury upholstery for four passengers and a small separate sleeping compartment. Designated RD-2 by
7098-399: Was adopted by airline group British Air Services in late 1970. Group members Northeast Airlines and Cambrian Airlines had their aircraft painted white/grey/yellow and white/grey/orange. Related pink and green liveries were designed for group members Scottish and Channel Islands Airways, but never saw service use. From the 1970s, the overall colour idea began to spread worldwide, largely in
7189-653: Was among the first Eurowhite schemes outside Europe. Except for a very brief Air France Pepsi logojet example, all Concorde liveries were predominantly Eurowhite-based, as this reduced heat absorption. The Braniff 1967 livery (see All-Over Color above) was also often dubbed "Jellybean." Jellybean liveries involve multiple alternative colourways in which entire aircraft or parts of them are decorated. A Jellybean variant involved decorating tail fins in different designs, as exemplified by Air India Express , displaying different Indian culture and heritage on its tail, Alaska Airline 's 1972 brand refresh livery, Frontier Airlines with
7280-402: Was carrying President Eisenhower. Initially used informally, the designation became official in 1962. Toward the end of Eisenhower's second term, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles commented that Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev and other senior Soviet officials had begun using the technologically advanced Tupolev Tu-114 aircraft for their travels, and it was no longer dignified for
7371-410: Was designed by French-American industrial designer Raymond Loewy at the instigation, and with the help of, then-First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy. Aircraft carrying state or government leaders are often liveried in national colors or the insignia of a particular government office. Military aircraft often make use of aircraft camouflage to make the aircraft more difficult to see in the air and on
7462-543: Was finally retired in 1998. In June 1974, while President Nixon was on his way to a scheduled stop in Syria , Syrian fighter jets intercepted Air Force One to act as escorts. The crew was not informed in advance, so took evasive action including a dive. After announcing his intention to resign the presidency, Nixon boarded SAM 27000 (with call sign "Air Force One") to travel to California. Colonel Ralph Albertazzie, then pilot of Air Force One, recounted that after Gerald Ford
7553-718: Was followed by 50 fighters (20 Navy and 30 Air Force), representing the states of the union. Johnson used SAM 26000 to travel extensively domestically and to visit troops in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. SAM 26000 served President Nixon on several groundbreaking overseas voyages, including his famous visit to the People's Republic of China in February 1972 and his trip to the Soviet Union later that year, both firsts for an American president. Nixon dubbed
7644-608: Was modified to carry President Franklin D. Roosevelt on international trips. But after a review of the C-87's controversial safety record, the Secret Service flatly refused to approve the aircraft for presidential carriage. The C-87, a derivative of the Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber, also carried more militaristic associations than aircraft designed for transport. The aircraft, named Guess Where II,
7735-624: Was not used for the C-32 aircraft he flew to Poland ; to increase secrecy, the call sign was SAM060 . When flying with the President, Air Force One rarely flies alone. It is often accompanied by a fleet of aircraft that can include the back-up VC-25, cargo aircraft, and tankers. In such cases, up to half a dozen cargo aircraft, such as the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III or the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy , precede AF1 by
7826-637: Was part of a comprehensive corporate identity revamp also involving dedicated airport lounges and including a short-lived "space helmet" headgear for cabin staff. In 1969, Court Line Aviation hired Peter Murdoch to revamp its corporate identity. The resulting design included decorating each fleet member in one of five different colourways within a hockeystick scheme. The airline name was logotyped as "court" in custom designed lowercase italics, and could easily be changed to 'liat' when individual aircraft transferred to Court Line's Caribbean subsidiary LIAT Leeward Islands Air Transport. Another all-over colour livery
7917-503: Was storing them in the Mojave Desert to prevent corrosion. These airplanes, which were completed in 2013, would be retrofitted with all essential equipment to serve as the next presidential aircraft, albeit without certain capabilities such as aerial refueling . In September 2020, the US Air Force announced several Presidential and Executive Airlift Directorate contracts signed with aircraft manufacturers to begin development of
8008-456: Was sworn in as president, the plane had to be redesignated as SAM 27000 , indicating no president was on board the aircraft. Over Jefferson City, Missouri, Albertazzie radioed: " Kansas City , this was Air Force One. Will you change our call sign to Sierra Alpha Mike (SAM) 27000?" Back came the reply: "Roger, Sierra Alpha Mike 27000. Good luck to the President." Though Ronald Reagan 's two terms as president saw no major changes to Air Force One,
8099-403: Was used at least once to transport the President to Princeton, New Jersey . It was referred to as Lady Bird's airplane and later in its service life featured a basic color scheme similar to civilian aircraft. When the President was aboard, the aircraft used the call sign Air Force One. United Airlines is the only commercial airline to have operated Executive One , the call sign given to
8190-577: Was used for another two years by President Harry S. Truman . The "Air Force One" call sign was created in 1954, after a Lockheed Constellation carrying President Dwight D. Eisenhower entered the same airspace as a commercial airline flight using the same flight number . Since the introduction of SAM 26000 in 1962, the primary presidential aircraft has carried the distinctive livery designed by Raymond Loewy . Other aircraft designated as Air Force One have included another Lockheed Constellation, Columbine III; three Boeing 707s , introduced in
8281-662: Was used to transport senior members of the Roosevelt administration on various trips. In March 1944, it flew Eleanor Roosevelt on a goodwill tour of several Latin American countries. The C-87 was scrapped in 1945. The Secret Service subsequently reconfigured a Douglas C-54 Skymaster for presidential transport duty. The VC-54C aircraft, nicknamed the Sacred Cow , included a sleeping area , radiotelephone , and retractable battery-powered elevator to lift Roosevelt in his wheelchair. The VC-54C flew President Roosevelt only once, to
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