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45-481: As of today, AFNIC is ruled under Decree 2007-162 of 6 February 2007. AFNIC is currently headquartered in the commune of Guyancourt in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines , France . AFNIC includes public and private Internet players: users (legal entities and individuals), domain name registrars (Internet service providers), international entities and public authoritative representatives. AFNIC manages

90-407: A port and developed infrastructure. Other cities that were developed following Israel's lineation plan are Shoham , Karmiel and Arad . Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut has been another of the country's most successful planned cities. Construction began in 1994 and it now has a population of over 80,000. Modi'in also rates higher in terms of average salary and graduation rates than the national average. It

135-495: A form of planning are as follows: A number of cities were set up during the apartheid-era for a variety of ethnic groups. Planned settlements set up for white inhabitants included Welkom , Sasolburg and Secunda . Additionally the majority of settlements in South Africa were planned in their early stages and the original town centres still lie in a grid street fashion. Some settlements were also set up for non-whites such as

180-416: A general interest service. Therefore, it is at the crossroads of operators, Internet Service Providers, Internet users, public authorities as well as other national and international parties. This privileged position and responsibility leads AFNIC to participate in the evolution of Internet governance and management. Thus, AFNIC is largely involved in the international relations chorus. Through its missions,

225-428: A list of Iran's modern planned cities see: List of Iran's planned cities . According to politics of country settlement a number of planned cities were created in peripheral regions. De facto all the cities which have Jewish population its new Jewish side have been planned like New Acre and Nazareth Illit. Those cities also known as Development Towns . The most successful is Ashdod with more than 200,000 inhabitants,

270-533: A primary function, but also aspire to create an all-inclusive urban environment. Japan's New Town program is heavily informed by the Anglo-American Garden City tradition, American neighborhood design, as well as Soviet strategies of industrial development. In 2002 Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi announced the end of new town construction, although the new towns continue to receive government funding and redevelopment. Sources: Naypyidaw

315-451: A remote corner on Hong Kong Island , with similar concepts in a smaller scale. In the late 1960s and the 1970s, another stage of new town developments was launched. Nine new towns have been developed to date. Land use is carefully planned and development provides plenty of room for public housing projects. Rail transport is usually available at a later stage. The first towns are Sha Tin , Tsuen Wan , Tuen Mun and Tseung Kwan O . Tuen Mun

360-726: A result, Nationalist forces constructed several military dependents' villages that were intended to be temporary housing for party members and their families to regain Mainland China from the Communists . Many of these neighborhoods became permanent and still exist today. Beginning in the 1950s, the Taiwan Provincial Government was moved out of Taipei to central Taiwan for security reasons. Several new planned communities were created to house these government employees. The first planned community under

405-596: Is Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines–Montigny-le-Bretonneux station on Paris RER line C , on the Transilien La Défense suburban rail line, and on the Transilien Paris-Montparnasse suburban rail line. This station is located in the neighboring commune of Montigny-le-Bretonneux , 2.7 km (1.7 mi) from the town center of Guyancourt. New town A planned community , planned city , planned town , or planned settlement

450-516: Is a planned city that is hoped to become a hub of African science and technology upon its completion in 2030. Tatu City is also another planned city located in Kiambu county. The capital, Abuja , is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s. Several other cities are under development to accommodate the rapidly growing population, some of which include: Eko Atlantic City , a planned city of Lagos State being constructed on land reclaimed from

495-577: Is an ancient town in Tekes County , Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture , Xinjiang, with a shape of a ba gua . In modern China, many special economic zones are developed from the sketch, for example, Pudong , a new district of Shanghai. Quezon City was the planned city of President Manuel L. Quezon , who had earlier proposed a new city to be built on land northeast of the City of Manila . Carefully planned districts include Santa Mesa Heights (part of

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540-607: Is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve organically. The term new town refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, mainly in the United Kingdom . It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on

585-477: Is covered in natural spaces: forests, wood, parks, gardens and ponds. The site of the city was already inhabited by Neolithic tribes who left hundreds of vestiges such as arrows, flint scrapers, polished axes... which have been recovered in the districts of Bouviers, Troux and Villaroy. The civilization continued through Roman times, as Mr. Leclère, a farmer, demonstrated in a fortuitous way in 1892 by unearthing an antique ballot box in his field. Work to restore

630-493: Is partly occupied by the Prussian armies. The enemy spreads terror, the houses are plundered, the inhabitants maltreated. Four hundred of them (an enormous figure for the time) prefer to flee. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Guyancourt was a large village where one cultivates corn, oats, beets, fodder and potatoes. The trades were numerous, with almost 16 wine merchants for 614 inhabitants. The war of 1914–1918 cost

675-517: Is the capital of Myanmar. It is administered by the Naypyidaw Union Territory , as per the 2008 Constitution . On 6 November 2005, the administrative capital of Myanmar was officially moved to a greenfield 3.2 km west of Pyinmana , and approximately 300 km north of Yangon (Rangoon), the previous capital. The capital's official name was announced on 27 March 2006, coinciding with Myanmar's Armed Forces Day . Much of

720-535: The Persian Gulf region are also planned cities. Sejong was constructed to be a planned-administrative capital of South Korea. The city of Gaborone was planned and constructed in the 1960s. Company towns During the construction of the Suez Canal in the 1860s, and after, new towns were planned and built to serve the new international shipping canal. Other smaller company towns were built during

765-504: The "Grand Parc" of the sun king Soleil ( Louis XIV ), which extended around the castle of Versailles. The essential vocation of the populous communes neighbouring the castle is market-gardening , to provide for the important needs for the Court. Thanks to the register of grievances sent to the governmental authorities (1789), we know that Guyancourtois, who were mostly modest peasants, lived with difficulty under conditions of famine. France

810-606: The 1980s has precedents in the New Industrial Cities Act of the 1960s. These cities are largely modeled after Tsukuba Academic New Town (Tsukuba Science City) in that they attempt to agglomerate high-tech resources together in a campus-like environment. In the past, the Japanese government had proposed relocating the capital to a planned city, but this plan was cancelled. Overall, Japan's New Town program consists of many diverse projects, most of which focus on

855-567: The 20th Century to serve oil exploration sites and factories. The larger towns have since been incorporated into mainstream local government. New urban communities In the late 1970s, it became national policy to construct new desert towns in Egypt, managed by the New Urban Communities Authority . In 2012, President Teodoro Obiang decided to move the capital to a new jungle site at Oyala . Konza Technology City

900-611: The Afnic Foundation for digital solidarity. Guyancourt Guyancourt ( French: [ɡɥi.jɑ̃.kuʁ] ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France . It is located in the south-western suburbs of Paris , 21.2 km (13.2 mi) from the center of Paris , in the " new town " of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines . The commune of Guyancourt comprises several districts. The first of them, corresponding to

945-542: The Atlantic Ocean. Upon completion, the new city which is still under development, is anticipating 250,000 residents and a daily flow of 150,000 commuters. Centenary City , in the Federal Capital Territory , is another planned smart city under development. The city is designed to become a major tourist attraction to the country. A list of Nigerian cities and neighbourhoods that went through

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990-520: The South Korea's government facilities. New Songdo City is a planned international business centre to be developed on 6 square kilometres of reclaimed land along Incheon's waterfront, 65 kilometres west of Seoul and connected to Incheon International Airport by a 10-kilometre highway bridge. This 10-year development project is estimated to cost in excess of $ 40 billion, making it the largest private development project ever undertaken anywhere in

1035-576: The United States, the modern parts of Astana in Kazakhstan, and Ankara in Turkey. In Indonesia, Nusantara is planned to be inaugurated on 17 August 2024, and in Egypt a new capital city (to the east of Cairo) is under construction. Putrajaya , the federal administrative and judicial centre of Malaysia , is also a planned city. Abu Dhabi (UAE) and some of the recently built cities in

1080-528: The beginning), one of which is Guyancourt. In 1950 Guyancourt was only one small village. The commune grew since 1970 to reach the figure of 27,000 inhabitants in 2004. Guyancourt is twinned with: Guyancourt accommodates not only many SME and trade, but also several large companies, such as: Junior high schools: Senior high schools: Guyancourt is served by no station of the Paris Métro, RER, or suburban rail network. The closest station to Guyancourt

1125-638: The capital on 24 June 1976. He then created a metropolitan area called Metro Manila , which remains congested today due to failed execution of the Quezon City plan as well as the Burnham Plan. Other planned cities (in order of foundation): King Abdullah Economic City , a future planned city along the Red Sea located in Saudi Arabia. In 1975, Jubail Industrial City, also known as Jubail ,

1170-528: The church Saint-Victor put the date of the sarcophages at the Merovingian era (from the seventh century). It is believed that the construction of the first church dates from the fourteenth century. Several funerary vases and a tomb stone dating from the sixteenth century were updated. The church was renovated in the fifteenth century, then entirely rebuilt in the sixteenth century. The most recent restoration goes back to 1998. Guyancourt forms part of

1215-658: The city was still under construction as late as 2012. As of 2009, the population was 925,000, which makes it Myanmar's third largest city, after Yangon and Mandalay . Many ancient cities in China , especially those on the North China Plain , were carefully designed according to the fengshui theory, featuring square or rectangular city walls, rectilinear road grid, and symmetrical layout. Famous examples are Chang'an in Tang dynasty and Beijing. An exception to that

1260-470: The former homeland capital of Bisho . The terrains of Hong Kong are mostly mountainous and many places in the New Territories have limited access to roads. Hong Kong started developing new towns in the 1950s, to accommodate rapidly growing populations. In the early days the term "satellite towns" was used. The very first new towns included Tsuen Wan and Kwun Tong . Wah Fu Estate was built in

1305-427: The international actions of AFNIC are focused on three main directions: Over the past few years, the number of international meetings in which the domain name registries are involved is constantly increasing. This strong international activity demonstrates that domain name registries have a key role to play in the information society globalisation process. 90% of the profits generated by .fr domain names are donated to

1350-509: The lives of thirty-six Guyancourtois. The war of 1939–1945 also touched Guyancourt, which was liberated by August 25, 1944. Starting from the beginning of the 1950s, the Paris area saw a considerable demographic growth. To structure the development of the suburbs, it was decided to create several new towns around Paris, one of which being Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines . The new city of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines includes today seven communes (eleven in

1395-432: The new urban fringe). Other New Towns act as industrial/academic agglomerations ( sangyo-shuseki ) ( Tsukuba Science City , Kashima Port Town). These areas attempt to create an all-inclusive environment for daily living, in accordance with Uzō Nishiyama 's "life-spheres" principle. Japan has also developed the concept of new towns to what Manuel Castells and Sir Peter Hall call technopolis . The technopolis program of

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1440-466: The old village, is known as "le village", the others are named: The bordering communes are Versailles to the northeast, Voisins-le-Bretonneux to the southwest, Montigny-le-Bretonneux to the west, Châteaufort to the southeast, Magny-les-Hameaux to the south and Saint-Cyr-l'Ecole in the northwest. Although located in the Paris suburbs, more than half of the territory of the commune of Guyancourt

1485-686: The original Burnham Plan for Manila), the Diliman Estate (includes the University of the Philippines ), New Manila, the Cubao Commercial District, South Triangle, Housing Projects 1 (Roxas District), 2 and 3 (Quirino District), 4, 5 (Kamias-Kamuning District), 6, 7, and 8. President Elpidio Quirino proclaimed Quezon City as the national capital on 17 July 1948, with President Ferdinand Marcos restoring Manila as

1530-539: The period of rapid economic growth in the 1960s, but construction continued into the 1980s. Most of them are located near Tokyo and the big cities in Kansai region. Some towns, ( Senri New Town , Tama New Town ) do not provide much employment, and many of the residents commute to the nearby cities. These towns fostered the infamous congestion of commuter trains (although as the metropolitan areas have grown, this commute has become relatively short in comparison to commutes from

1575-712: The period of the Persian Safavid Empire, Isfahan , the Persian capital, was built according to a planned scheme, consisting of a long boulevard and planned housing and green areas around it. In modern-day Iran more than 20 planned cities have been developed or are under construction, mostly around Iran's main metropolitan areas such as Tehran , Isfahan , Shiraz and Tabriz . Some of these new cities are built for special purposes such as: 576,000 people were planned to be settled in Iran's new towns by 2005. For

1620-588: The provision of schools, hospitals, parks, sports complexes, and so on. Singapore's expertise in successful new town design was internationally recognised when the Building and Social Housing Foundation (BSHF) of the United Nations awarded the World Habitat Award to Tampines New Town, which was selected as a representative of Singapore's new towns, on 5 October 1992. Since 2007 Sejong

1665-936: The ruins of earlier Native American villages. A model city is a type of planned city designed to a high standard and intended as a model for others to imitate. The term was first used in 1854. A planned capital is a city specially planned, designed and built to be a capital. Several of the world's national capitals are planned capitals, including Canberra in Australia, Brasília in Brazil, Belmopan in Belize, New Delhi in India, Abuja in Nigeria, Islamabad in Pakistan, Naypyidaw in Myanmar (Burma), Washington, D.C. in

1710-527: The vast majority of the approximately 11,000 public housing buildings are organised into 22 new towns across the country. Each new town is designed to be completely self-sustainable. Helmed by a hierarchy of commercial developments, ranging from a town centre to precinct-level outlets, there is no need to venture out of town to meet the most common needs of residences. Employment can be found in industrial estates located within several towns. Educational, health care, and recreational needs are also taken care of with

1755-677: The world. Gwanggyo newtown is located 25 km south away from Seoul in Suwon city and Youngin city, Gyeonggi province. Gwanggyo newtown area 11 square kilometers was designated in 2004 by Gyeonggi Province, Suwon city, Youngin city, and Gyeonggi Development Corporation (GICO). It will accommodate more than 31,000 households. Gwanggyo newtown was not only for the housing supply but also for several regional goals such as provincial office movement, convention center building, and creating economic growth core in Gyeonggi provincial area. Its infrastructure

1800-507: Was built from 1868, following an American grid plan , and is today the fifth-largest city in Japan. Both these cities have regular addressing systems (following the grid) unlike the usual subdivision-based Japanese addressing system . Borrowing from the New Town movement in the United Kingdom, some 30 new towns have been built all over Japan. Most of these constructions were initiated during

1845-507: Was designated as a new industrial city by the Saudi government . It provides 50% of the country's drinking water through desalination of the water from the Persian Gulf . The new town planning concept was introduced into Singapore with the building of the first New Town, Queenstown , from July 1952 to 1973 by the country's public housing authority, the Housing and Development Board . Today,

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1890-546: Was designed and planned by Israeli architect Moshe Safdie . Many Israeli settlements follow this model, including towns like Modi'in Illit and Betar Illit . The city of Kyoto was developed as a planned city in 794 as a new imperial capital (then called Heian-kyō ), built on a grid layout and remained the capital for over a millennium. The grid layout remains, reflected in major east–west streets being numbered, such as 4th street ( 四条 , shi-jō ) . In modern times, Sapporo

1935-529: Was intended to be self-reliant, but was not successful at the beginning and maintained as a dormitory town up until the recent decades like the other new towns. More recent developments are Tin Shui Wai and North Lantau . The government also plans to build such towns in Hung Shui Kiu , Ping Che - Ta Kwu Ling , Fanling North and Kwu Tung North. At present, there are a total of nine new towns: In

1980-550: Was planned as the new capital, but it is becoming the de facto administrative capital instead, with many national government agencies and research institutes moving there between 2013 and present. It has a planned population of 0.8 million, which is the largest of all the newtown development plans. The head of the domestic-administration, the Prime Minister of South Korea also resides in Sejong, along with more than 65% of

2025-633: Was scheduled to be constructed by 2012. Since the 1990s, several planned communities were built in the Seoul Metropolitan Area to alleviate housing demands in Seoul . They include: After losing the Chinese Civil War , the central government of China and its government forces retreated to the former Qing province and later Japanese colony of the island of Taiwan, which was still a Japanese territory under Allied occupation. As

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