British Columbia 's Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR) is a collection of land where agriculture is designated as the priority use. Farming is encouraged and non-agricultural uses are restricted.
70-531: ALR may refer to: Places [ edit ] Agricultural Land Reserve , Canada Alexandra Aerodrome , New Zealand Alresford railway station (Essex) , England Science [ edit ] Augmenter of Liver Regeneration or GFER , a growth factor Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 , enzyme Law [ edit ] Allgemeines Landrecht , Prussian Civil Code American Law Reports Others [ edit ] American Laundromat Records ,
140-509: A comparable property assessed as Residential in the ALR would pay $ 3,880 in property tax. The study notes that questions of equity among taxpayers have emerged, since residential and commercial uses within the ALR create demand for services that are financed by local governments through property taxes (utilities, transit, police, fire and emergency services). Structures and farm-related commercial and industrial uses are restricted, but permitted in
210-511: A label American Literary Review , by the University of North Texas Art Loss Register , UK, database for stolen art Ashover Light Railway , Derbyshire, England Advanced Logic Research , a defunct computer company Australian Literary Review Automated Lip Reading All lane running, on UK's smart motorways Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
280-548: A restaurant needed to produce alcohol, since food and beverage service is permitted in the ALR if the farm produces an alcohol product. Crown land Crown land , also known as royal domain , is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown . It is the equivalent of an entailed estate and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. Today, in Commonwealth realms , crown land
350-638: A total floor area of 90 m or less (186 m on a property 40 hectares or larger), if permitted by local government bylaw. Further, a secondary suite could be located in the principal residence. Also, the requirement was removed that additional residences must be used by the landowner or immediate family members. As before, the ALC could approve additional residences if they were for farm use. A 2016 an investigative report by The Globe and Mail newspaper found that as prices of suburban farm properties soared in tandem with Vancouver's residential real estate market,
420-502: Is "essentially lost" when someone buys ALR land and builds "a 10,000-square-foot mansion plus tennis court, pool and outbuildings". Also, while land-use bylaws do not allow hotels on agricultural land, there were reports of large buildings being constructed in Richmond that were essentially private luxury hotels. In response, in 2018 the provincial government introduced a 500 square metre (approximately 5400 square foot) size limit for
490-491: Is Crown land, passed a controversial reform in 2005 requiring Crown lands to be rated at market value. Crown lands include land set aside for various government or public purposes, development, town planning, as well as vacant land. Crown lands comprise around 23% of Australian land, of which the largest single category is vacant land, comprising 12.5% of the land. Crown land is used for such things as airports, military grounds (Commonwealth), public utilities (usually State), or
560-566: Is Crown land: 41% is federal crown land and 48% is provincial crown land. The remaining 11% is privately owned. Most federal Crown land is in the territories ( Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon ) and is administered by Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada . Only 4% of land in the provinces is federally controlled, largely in the form of national parks , Indian reserves , or Canadian Forces bases . In contrast, provinces hold much of their territory as provincial Crown land, which may be held as provincial parks or wilderness. Crown land
630-517: Is a designated territorial area belonging to the Canadian Crown . Though the monarch owns all Crown land in the country, it is divided in parallel with the "division" of the Crown among the federal and provincial jurisdictions , so that some lands within the provinces are administered by the relevant provincial Crown , whereas others are under the federal Crown . About 89% of Canada's land area (8,886,356 km or 3,431,041 sq mi)
700-636: Is administered by the Agricultural Land Commission (ALC), which consists of a board of directors of 11 to 19 members appointed by the Minister of Agriculture and Food. Restrictive land zoning is used to protect agricultural land, and ALC zoning decisions take precedence over land-use bylaws of local governments. The ALC makes decisions chiefly on land removal (exclusion) or addition (inclusion); subdivision; and non-farm land use. Decisions are based on how an application supports
770-571: Is assessed based on the market value of the land taking into account its "highest and best use" and comparable rural property values. A property's highest and best use is constrained by ALR land use and subdivision restrictions. Therefore, land within the ALR typically has a lower value, even when zoned Residential, Commercial, or Industrial. A study for Metro Vancouver found that for a 5-acre property assessed as Residential in Langley (that does not have "farm status") which pays $ 13,656 in property tax,
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#1732771856572840-515: Is considered public land and is apart from the monarch's private estate. In Australia, public lands without a specific tenure (e.g. National Park or State Forest) are referred to as Crown land or State Land, which is described as being held in the "right of the Crown" of either an individual State or the Commonwealth of Australia (as Australia is a federation, there is no single "Crown" as legal entity). Most Crown lands in Australia are held by
910-537: Is located above a thousand metres in elevation, and the province's mountainous geography means a relatively small share of its land has an agricultural capability. Approximately 46% of ALR land is under private ownership, and 54% is under public land ownership (provincial, municipal, or federal government). Before 1973, an estimated 4000 to 6000 hectares of prime agricultural land was lost each year to urbanization in British Columbia. Recognition that
980-630: Is privately owned. The Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations issues Crown land tenures and sells Crown land on behalf of the Crown in Right of British Columbia . Approximately 65% of Saskatchewan's land is Crown land. 95% of Newfoundland and Labrador is provincial Crown land. Currently, 48% of New Brunswick's territory is Crown land, used for such things as for conservation projects, resource exploitation , and recreation activities. However, through treaties between First Nations and
1050-667: Is sometimes unallocated and reserved for future development. In Tasmania , Crown land is managed under the Crown Lands Act 1976 . In Queensland, Unallocated State Land is managed under the Land Act 1994 . In South Australia , the relevant Act is the Crown Land Management Act 2009 . In Victoria , it is the Crown Land (Reserves) Act 1978 and the Land Act 1958 . From the late 18th century onwards,
1120-485: Is suitable only for perennial forage crops or natural grazing, while Class 7 land has no agricultural capability.) Starting with CLI maps, and obtaining input from local governments and public hearings, the ALC identified 4.7 million hectares to be included in the ALR. There was awareness early on that within some areas (portions of Vancouver Island, for example) the CLI information could be improved. Between 1980 and 1984,
1190-553: Is the equivalent of an entailed estate that passes with the monarchy and cannot be alienated from it; thus, per constitutional convention , these lands cannot be unilaterally sold by the monarch, instead passing on to the next king or queen unless the sovereign is advised otherwise by the relevant ministers of the Crown . Crown land provides the country and the provinces with the majority of their profits from natural resources , largely but not exclusively provincial, rented for logging and mineral exploration rights; revenues flow to
1260-641: Is under the control or ownership of The Crown (a.k.a. the Government). This could also pertain to land seized by the government, (either through eminent domain or due to criminal activity), or toward lands with backed taxes. The term Crown lands had been used in relation to government owned farms, beaches, and other land areas also maintained by the National Housing Corporation . The Government did not allow private ownership of Barbados' 97 kilometres (60 mi) of coastal beaches in
1330-423: Is used for a variety of purposes: forestry, mineral, energy, and wildlife resources; developing natural spaces, including parks for recreation and conservation, ecological preserves, and wildlife refuges and habitats; developing infrastructure for industrial and public utilities purposes as well as for leisure and vacation purposes. The crown lands, crown estate, or royal domain ( domaine royal ) of France refers to
1400-549: The "Golden" Liberty . Eventually the nobility controlled most of the crown lands. People without a formal title of nobility inherited or granted were not allowed to be infeudated with regalities. After the First Partition of Poland crown lands were reformed in 1775, lessening the abuses of the nobility , and the Great Sejm of 1788–1792 decided to put them on sale, to raise funds for reforms and modernisation of
1470-604: The Canada Land Inventory (CLI) survey that was not already developed was included in the ALR. (Prime agricultural land falls into CLI Classes 1-3, while Class 4 land is marginal for cultivated field crops.) Class 5 and 6 land was included if it could effectively be used in conjunction with Class 1 to 4 land, and Class 7 land was included if excluding it might allow undesirable intrusion of incompatible uses into agricultural areas. (Land in Classes 5 and 6
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#17327718565721540-503: The Crown Lands Act , the Lieutenant Governor-in-Council alone has the ability to augment or disperse Crown land and to determine the price of any Crown land being bought or leased. Crown land is used for varying purposes, including agriculture, wind farming , and cottages, while other areas are set aside for research, environmental protection, public recreation, and resource management. Approximately 95% of
1610-465: The Crown in Right of Canada , the provincial Crown grants or denies long-term use of Crown lands by aboriginals, as per the treaties. As of October 2013, of the 5.3 million hectares (13 million acres) of land in Nova Scotia , approximately 1.53 million hectares (3.8 million acres or about 29% of the province) is designated as Crown land. Crown land is owned by the province and managed by
1680-663: The Hawaii Supreme Court 's holding that the federally enacted Apology Resolution of 1993 bars the State of Hawaii from selling to third parties any land held in public trust until the claims of Native Hawaiians to the lands have been resolved. The Court first held that it had jurisdiction to review the Hawaii Supreme Court's opinion because it rested on the Apology Resolution. It then found
1750-620: The Imperial Council ") of Cisleithania until the disintegration of the dual monarchy in 1918. The medieval European state of the Crown of Bohemia , which was an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire , consisted of crown lands: Kingdom of Bohemia , Margraviate of Moravia , Duchies of Silesia , Upper and Lower Lusatia . When it was a commonwealth realm, in Barbados , the term crown land extended to all land that
1820-591: The Revolutions of 1848 , the Austrian crown lands were ruled by Statthalter governors directly subordinate to the Emperor according to the 1849 March Constitution . By the 1861 February Patent , proclaimed by Emperor Franz Joseph I , the Austrian crown lands received a certain autonomy. The traditional Landstände (estates) assemblies were elevated to Landtage legislatures, partly elected according to
1890-543: The change of status of the territory . In Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth crown lands were known as królewszczyzny which translates to regality or royal land . In the Kingdom of Poland under the rules of Piast then Jagiellonian dynasties the institution of crown lands was similar to those in Great Britain or Austria-Hungary : the lands were the property of the monarch or dynasty. Beginning in 15th century
1960-528: The ALC's Zone 2 land-use decision factors were broadened to include economic, cultural and social values. On November 20, 2018, NDP Premier John Horgan reversed the Zone 2 split, returning the ALR to a single zone under the original criteria. As of September 2020, private landowners could no longer apply directly to the ALC for the removal of their land from the ALR. Although private landowners may ask their local government for such removal, they must rely on
2030-435: The ALC's mandate "to preserve agricultural land" and "to encourage farming on agricultural land". The primary role of the ALC was to preserve agricultural land, but the original legislation also gave the ALC responsibility for establishing green belt, land bank, and park land reserves. This responsibility was removed in 1977. (The ALC had to purchase (or otherwise acquire) these lands before designation. By contrast, land in
2100-610: The ALR could be determined without purchase using traditional zoning tools.) In 1988 golf courses became a permitted land use, but after 1992 they once again required approval. On May 29, 2014, the BC Liberal government of Christy Clark split the ALR into two zones: Zone 1 (Island, Okanagan, South Coast) and Zone 2 (North, Kootenay, Interior). The ALR regulations were viewed as a burden to farmers who owned agricultural land of poor capability. To give owners in Zone 2 more flexibility to earn non-farm income from their land,
2170-541: The ALR to provide agriculture-related economic opportunities for farmers. A 2020 report prepared for the BC government recommended setting aside up to a maximum of one quarter of one percent of the province's ALR land to create a new category of agricultural-industrial farmland. To counter concerns about allowing structures on arable farmland, converted land would be of low soil quality, ill-suited for farming ( CLI Classes 4-7). In 2022, ALR regulations were amended to promote
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2240-418: The ALR, and questions of equity among taxpayers have emerged. The ALR covers 4.6 million hectares (11.4 million acres). It comprises 4.9% of BC's 94.6 million hectare land base. Less than a quarter of the land in the ALR is prime agricultural land (1.1% of BC's land area), where prime agricultural land falls into Canada Land Inventory (CLI) survey Classes 1-3. About three quarters of BC's total land
2310-482: The Commission conducted a thorough review of ALR zoning boundaries, using new maps and soil information. Eastern Vancouver Island was given special attention. Enough land was excluded from the ALR to allow for about 5 years of urban growth. Federal government land was included in the ALR if its biophysical characteristics warranted inclusion, but ALR regulations do not apply to federal government land. The ALR
2380-697: The Crown Jan Zamoyski (against the interests of his own family), put as one of its goals the "execution of lands", i.e. return of all crown lands, which were often illegally held by next generations of Starostine families. In 1562–1563 they forced most of the crown land in the Crown of the Polish Kingdom to be returned to the monarch, however later the whole cycle repeated. In the following centuries Ruch egzekucyjny (lit. execution movement ) and subsequently elected Kings were gradually weakened because szlachta achieved more and more privileges –
2450-656: The Crown in the right of a State. The only land held by the Commonwealth consists of land in the Northern Territory (surrendered by South Australia), the Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, and small areas acquired for airports, defence and other government purposes. Each jurisdiction has its own policies towards the sale and use of Crown lands within the State. For example, New South Wales , where over half of all land
2520-485: The Crown lands than on the hereditary estates of the nobility , as there were fewer serfdom obligations. Mostly due to lack of constant dynasty in Poland (see: Royal elections in Poland ), royal lands were under notorious, often illegal, control of powerful local magnates , sometimes even semi-independent from the state. Ruch egzekucyjny (execution movement) of the late 16th century, led by Lord Grand Chancellor of
2590-515: The Department of Natural Resources on behalf of the citizens of Nova Scotia. It is a collective asset which belongs to all Nova Scotians. Many acres of Crown land are licensed for a variety of economic purposes to help build and maintain the prosperity of the province. These purposes range from licenses and leases for cranberry bogs, forestry operations, peat bogs, power lines, wind energy, to broadband towers, and tidal energy. In addition, most of
2660-621: The Estate's revenues to the treasury, in order to relieve him from paying for the costs of the civil service, defence costs, the national debt, and his own personal debts, and, in return, to receive an annual grant known as the Civil list . The Domain of the Crown ( Vietnamese : Hoàng triều Cương thổ ( 皇朝疆土 ); French : Domaine de la Couronne ) was originally the Nguyễn dynasty 's geopolitical concept for its protectorates and principalities where
2730-402: The Hawaii Supreme Court's interpretation of the Apology Resolution to be erroneous, and held that federal law does not bar the State from selling land held in public trust. Accordingly, it remanded the case to the Hawaii Supreme Court to determine if Hawaiian law alone supports the same outcome. All "Crown leases" in the former British crown colony became "government leases" on 1 July 1997 upon
2800-524: The Hawaiian monarchs had access to 1.8 million acres (7,300 km ), the private lands of Kamehameha III which he set aside for the dignity of the royal office for the ruler of the Hawaiian monarchy on 8 March 1848 during the Great Mahele . Kamehameha III and his successors made these lands their private property, selling, leasing or mortgaging at their enjoyment. At the death of Kamehameha IV , it
2870-464: The King, two of whom shall be appointed from among the members of His Cabinet Council, and serve without remuneration, and the other shall act as Land Agent, and shall be paid out of the revenues of the said lands, such sum as may be agreed to by the King." The lands were held by Queen Lili'uokalani before 17 January 1893. On this date, the monarchy was overthrown. The crown lands were taken in charge by
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2940-584: The State. The Crown lands are administered by an independent institution called Patrimonio Nacional , which is responsible for the maintenance of these properties that are always available to the King or Queen of Spain. Historically, the properties now known as the Crown Estate were administered as possessions of the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country. By the Civil List Act 1760 , George III surrendered control over
3010-592: The agricultural-technology industry by allowing crops grown on vertically-stacked shelves. The change aimed to cut energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions, improve farm efficiency, and help with labour shortages. Thousands of farmers protested the creation of the ALR, because they opposed the restrictions the ALR imposes on what landowners can do with their own land. The restrictions interfere with their private property rights , and thereby reduce land values. Forty years later, support among farmers and ranchers became more widespread, though not unqualified, according to
3080-503: The army. After the following partitions of Poland in 1795 the "royal lands" were directly annexed by the partitioning powers. In the Great Duchy of Lithuania political nation did not follow experience of neighbouring Poland. Lithuanian magnates retained such lands in their hands. Historically, the kings of Spain have possessed vast lands, palaces, castles and other buildings, however, at present all those properties are owned by
3150-551: The country, and all areas below the high-tide watermark in the country were considered specifically as "Crown land". After 30 November 2021, Barbados had transitioned to a republic , replacing the Monarchy of Barbados with a president as head of state. This caused all crown lands to become state lands instead. Effectively in practice, however, functions of state lands remained the same as crown lands. Within Canada, Crown land
3220-614: The end of Kingdom in Poland the era of new political system called "Republic of szlachta (nobility)" started in late 16th century already in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . As a result of reform and the introduction of the royal election of Polish kings, the royal lands became " public property or state property ". Formally "royal lands" formed about 15–20% of Poland (later, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth), and were divided into two parts: Among
3290-433: The executive director of the B.C. Agriculture Council. In 2017, a Richmond city councillor said he did not want "big houses on small farms." So-called "monster homes" were being built on Richmond's ALR land, where the average house size surged to 12,087 square feet in 2015, compared with 7,329 in 2010. Former ALR Chairman Frank Leonard said "monster" houses are a huge problem in some areas such as Richmond, since farm land
3360-460: The lands and fiefs directly possessed by the kings of France . Before the reign of Henry IV , the royal domain did not encompass the entirety of the territory of the kingdom of France and for much of the Middle Ages significant portions of the kingdom were direct possessions of other feudal lords. In the 10th and 11th centuries, the first Capetians—while being rulers of France—were among
3430-464: The largest Crown lands in the 16th and 17th centuries were the territories of Malbork and Wielkorządy with Niepołomice , Sambor in the Crown of the Polish Kingdom . Monarch's economies in, as it was called, "Republic" of Lithuania (Grand Duchy of Lithuania) were: biggest Šiauliai economy, Alytus economy, also economies in Grodno and Mohylew . The legal conditions of peasants were better in
3500-425: The least powerful of the great feudal lords of France in terms of territory possessed. Patiently, through the use of feudal law (and, in particular, the confiscation of fiefs from rebellious vassals ), skillful marriages with female inheritors of large fiefs, and even by purchase, the kings of France were able to increase the royal domain, which, by the 16th century, began to coincide with the entire kingdom. However,
3570-575: The local government to make the removal application. Whether or not their land is used for farming, there is a 50% tax exemption to ALR land owners for school, hospital, and other property taxes (for example, TransLink taxes in Metro Vancouver). A Kwantlen Polytechnic University study notes this tax exemption encourages ownership but not farming of ALR land. A study of the Greater Vancouver area (Metro Vancouver) finds
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#17327718565723640-405: The main beneficiaries of the exemption are properties in the ALR classified as "Residential". Since these properties are not used for farming, the study recommends removal of the exemption so as to maintain equity across residential land owners inside and outside of the ALR. Property tax tends to be lower on land located within the ALR, even if the land is not farmed. This is because a property
3710-458: The medieval system of appanage (a concession of a fief by the sovereign to his younger sons and their sons after them, although they could be reincorporated if the last lord had no male heirs) alienated large territories from the royal domain and created dangerous rival territories (especially the Duchy of Burgundy in the 14th and 15th centuries). Prior to the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy ,
3780-676: The mentioned minister until the land is sold or transferred via legislation, such as an order in council . Crown land is governed by the Public Lands Act , originally passed as the Provincial Lands Act in 1931 and renamed in 1949. 94% of the land in British Columbia is provincial Crown land, 2% of which is covered by fresh water. Federal Crown land makes up a further 1% of the province, including Indian reserves, defence lands and federal harbours, while 5%
3850-447: The primary residence built on the ALR. The B.C. Farmland Owners Association opposed the law saying the government did not consult them adequately, and that a limit of 500 square meters would not allow enough space for what are often family-owned businesses. Restrictions were later eased so that, effective 31 December 2021, as well as a principal residence with floor area of 500 m or less, property owners were allowed one residence with
3920-597: The principle of census suffrage . After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 , the Kingdom of Hungary (with the Principality of Transylvania ), the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and Fiume became constituent parts of the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen ( Transleithania ); ruled in real union with the remaining Austrian crown lands (officially: "The Kingdoms and Lands represented in
3990-421: The properties were often leased, gifted or hocked to the members of the nobility . Those nobles who had received the privilege of administering the crown lands (and thus keeping most of its profits) had the title of Starosta . Once given a crown land, one had the right to keep it "for life". Families of Starostas often wanted to unlawfully keep the royal properties, and that led to common abuses of law. After
4060-550: The province had limited arable farmland, and a concern for food security, led the provincial government to introduce the Land Commission Act on 18 April 1973 which created the Agricultural Land Commission (ALC) and established the Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR). The boundaries of the ALR are based on the natural characteristics of the land and its climate. All land in Classes 1 to 4 from
4130-456: The province's forests sit within provincial Crown land. 87% of the province is Crown land, of which 95% is in northern Ontario. It is managed by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry and is used for economic development, tourism and recreation. 88% of the land on Prince Edward Island (PEI) is privately held, leaving 12% of the land as public, or Crown, land. It is the province with
4200-408: The province's new 15% tax on real estate purchased by foreign buyers. The tax applies only to the selling price of the farmhouse, while the ALR land purchase is tax-free. There has been criticism of inconsistency in how farm policies are applied, in terms of special treatment for producers of wine and other alcohol products. In one instance, a farmer who wanted to serve the produce of their farm in
4270-648: The provisional and republican governments. When the Republic of Hawaii joined the United States in 1898, the territorial government took ownership. In 1910, Liliuokalani, the former Queen, unsuccessfully attempted to sue the United States for the loss of the Hawaiian Crown Lands. In March 2009, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a unanimous opinion in Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs , reversing
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#17327718565724340-521: The relevant government and may constitute a major income stream, such as in Alberta . Crown land may also be rented by individuals wishing to build homes or cottages. In the province of Alberta , Crown land, also called public land , is territory registered in the name of "His Majesty the King in right of Alberta as Represented by [specific Minister of the Crown ]" and remains under the administration of
4410-448: The smallest percentage of Crown land, and it is managed by the Ministry of Environment, Energy, and Climate Action. Usage of these lands is for non-economic purposes such as hunting, fishing, trapping, foraging, hiking and bird watching. More than 92% of Quebec's territory is Crown land. This heritage and the natural resources that it contains are developed to contribute to the socioeconomic development of all regions of Quebec. Public land
4480-456: The submerged lands (the sea bed) along the province's 9,000 kilometres (5,600 mi) of coastline are also considered Crown land. Exceptions would include federally and privately owned waterlots. The province owns other land across Nova Scotia, including wilderness areas, protected areas, highways, roads, and provincial buildings. These parcels and structures are managed and administered by other departments and are not considered Crown land. By
4550-409: The tax advantages of ALR property increased. The study found significant differences between market prices and the provincial assessments for 122 properties examined. In one example, a property located on the ALR paid about $ 5,300 in property tax while a residential property in the same municipality with the same market value would pay roughly $ 77,000. The story also noted a tax break associated with
4620-596: The territories acquired by the Austrian Habsburg monarchy were called crown lands ( German : Kronländer ). Initially ruled in personal union by the House of Habsburg-Lorraine , they played a vital role as constituent lands of the Habsburg nation-building and were ultimately reorganised as administrative divisions of the centralised Austrian Empire established in 1804. During the restoration period after
4690-458: The title ALR . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ALR&oldid=1237657572 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Agricultural Land Reserve The ALR
4760-583: Was decided by the Kingdom's Supreme Court that under the above-mentioned instrument executed by Kamehameha III, reserving the Crown Lands, and under the confirmatory Act of 7 June 1848, "the inheritance is limited to the successors to the throne", "the wearers of the crown which the conqueror had won," and that at the same time "each successive possessor may regulate and dispose of the same according to his will and pleasure as private property, in like manner as
4830-706: Was done by Kamehameha III." Afterwards an Act was passed 3 January 1865, "relieve the Royal Domain from encumbrances and to render the same inalienable." This Act provided for the redemption of the mortgages on the estate, and enacted that the remaining lands are to be "henceforth inalienable and shall descend to the heirs and successors of the Hawaiian Crown forever," and that "it shall not be lawful hereafter to lease said lands for any terms of years to exceed thirty." The Board of Commissioners of Crown Lands shall consist of three persons to be appointed by His Majesty
4900-567: Was established by the British Columbia New Democratic Party government of Dave Barrett in 1973 to preserve the province's limited farmland from urbanization. The ALR covers 4.6 million hectares (46 thousand square kilometers, equivalent to 18 thousand square miles), or about 4.9% of British Columbia's land base. There are six ALR administrative regions: South Coast, Interior, Island, Kootenay, North, and Okanagan. Tax breaks are applicable to property in
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