The ARO M461 was an off-road vehicle built in post-World War II Romania by ARO .
31-400: The first model was IMS-57 , named by the factory initials (Intreprinderea Metalurgică de Stat) and the year it was released. A total of 914 vehicles were built between 1957 and 1959, mostly handcrafted. During World War II, on the site of a paper plant belonging to Letea company from Câmpulung-Muscel, the production of plane propellers and shooting equipment for airplanes produced by IAR Brașov
62-526: A batch of 95 aircraft, referred to as the P.11f , being built by IAR starting in 1936. The Romanian Air Force was greatly appreciative of the type, which heavily contributed to the decision to also licensed produce its upgraded derivative, the PZL P.24 , which had been designed exclusively for the export market. Both models would see combat service during the Second World War . IAR worked throughout
93-699: The Black Sea alongside Bulgarian units. The ARR was tasked with the air defence of the Ploiești oil installations, and also Bucharest against Allied air raids, and to protect Axis convoys in the Black Sea. These units fought against the USAAF and RAF during their raids against Romania . The ARR flew aircraft from Germany and Poland , with their own and other foreign aircraft, as well as captured enemy aircraft. The main models of fighter aircraft used include
124-520: The M461 , was started in 1964. The design was similar to the previous models but every panel was different and the cars are clearly distinguishable. It showed look and finishing improvements, and a redesigned mechanics. Its engine had four in-line cylinders, 70 hp (52 kW), a maximum speed of 100 km/h (62 mph), and a 17 L at 80 km/h (50 mph) consumption. The export of M461 begun in 1965, to China and Colombia (2,000 pieces). The M461
155-698: The PZL P.24 E, Hawker Hurricane , Heinkel He 112 , Messerschmitt Bf 109 E and G types, Messerschmitt Bf 110 (for night defence), IAR 80 and IAR 81 were also used. Luftwaffe interceptor units were also deployed in the area. After the August 23, 1944 coup d'état , Romania turned against the Axis. The ARR, now allied with the Soviet Air Forces fought against German and Hungarian forces in Transylvania and Slovakia . During initial combat with
186-869: The Royal Romanian forces in World War II was officially named the Aeronautica Regală Română ( ARR ), or the Romanian Royal Aeronautics, though it is more commonly referred to in English histories as the Forțele Aeriene Regale ale României (Royal Romanian Air Force, FARR ), or simply Forțele Aeriene Române ( Romanian Air Force ). It provided support to land forces, carrying out reconnaissance and mounting air raids between other missions. The roundel of
217-730: The Royal Romanian Air Force (the Aeronautica Regală Română , or ARR ) would be supplied with aircraft without reliance on foreign producers, the Romanian government subsidized the creation of three major aircraft manufacturers in the interbellum period. The first was Societatea pentru Exploatări Tehnice (SET) which was founded in Bucharest in 1923. Next came IAR, which was formed in Brașov since 1925. Finally there
248-724: The 2nd Fighter Flotilla equipped with the older PZL P.11 fighters. On 28 August 1940, a Heinkel flown by Lieutenant Nicolae Polizu-Micșunești shot down a Hungarian Caproni Ca.135 near Berveni . During the Second World War , the ARR fought alongside the Luftwaffe during the advance into Ukraine and Crimea , until the Battle of Stalingrad , when the Southern Luftwaffe Command was installed in Bucharest . It also carried out some reconnaissance and patrol missions over
279-530: The AH-1RO purchase. Following a period of negotiations, in November 1999, Bell announced that it had abandoned its intentions to take over IAR and to locally produce the AH-1RO. During 2000, it was announced that the multinational helicopter manufacturer Eurocopter Group was holding discussions over its own bid for IAR. Later that same year, IAR established Eurocopter Romania in conjunction with Eurocopter,
310-427: The ARR was based on the national cockade of Romania. During World War Two, from 1941 to 1944, the national cockade was reduced in size and placed in the center of a four-M cross, the seal of King Michael I of Romania . These crosses came in different types and sizes as there was no standard model. The markings were placed on the fuselage as well as on the upper and lower wings, and the national colours were painted on
341-505: The Germans over Bucharest, the ARR claimed 22 German aircraft shot down, including three Me 323 Gigant , and a further five other aircraft destroyed on the ground, while losses amounted to four Romanian aircraft in the air and 30 on the ground. Between 4 September 1944 and the end of the war , 101 enemy aircraft were claimed in battle to the loss of 30 aircraft. A Soviet Yak-3 which engaged two Romanian Bf 109s together with another Yak-3,
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#1732772984218372-460: The aid of the Romanian government, which sought to reduce reliance on foreign companies to supply the Royal Romanian Air Force with aircraft and associated equipment. In addition to its designs, the company built numerous foreign-designed aircraft under license as well. IAR produced a low-wing all-metal monoplane , the IAR 80 , during the Second World War ; this combat aircraft was extensively used by
403-578: The cars were until recently used by the army. Late versions were known as M473 on the German market. It was eventually replaced by the ARO 24 Series vehicles. IAR Bra%C8%99ov Industria Aeronautică Română ( IAR ) (now IAR S.A. Brașov ), or Romanian Aeronautic Industry in English, is a Romanian aerospace manufacturer . It is based in Ghimbav , near Brașov , Romania. IAR was founded in 1925 with
434-603: The company was renamed to Uzina Tractorul Brașov [ ro ] (UTB). The current IAR was re-established in 1968 at Ghimbav , under the name Intreprinderea de Construcţii Aeronautice (ICA). The ICA developed from the former Intreprinderea de Industrie Locală (IIL) glider manufacturer. During this time, the company began to produce helicopters , motor gliders and airplanes , besides gliders . Romania arranged multiple licensing agreements with France, resulting in IAR producing Aérospatiale 's SA 316B Alouette III under
465-416: The conflict to produce large numbers of combat aircraft to equip the Romanian military. Perhaps one of the most significant aircraft to be produced by the company was built during these years in the form of the IAR 80 , a low-wing monoplane all-metal monocoque fighter and ground-attack aircraft . When it first flew in 1939, the IAR 80 was claimed to be comparable to contemporary designs being deployed by
496-625: The development of the Kamov Ka-126 helicopter; only a handful were built before production was terminated shortly following the Romanian Revolution and the collapse of the Communist government. Since 1968, IAR has produced more than 360 helicopters, along with 830 gliders and including motor gliders, as well as 136 light aircraft . During the late 1990s, American aerospace company Bell Helicopters entered negotiations on
527-474: The former held a 49% stake in the newly created joint venture . In November 2015, Airbus Helicopters announced plans to invest €52 million in a Romanian facility to manufacture the 8.6t H215M Super Puma ; this arrangement was reportedly reliant upon an initial order for 16 being placed by the Romanian government to extend the type's production. Royal Romanian Air Force The Air Force branch of
558-551: The local designation of IAR 316 . The company also manufactured a localised version of the Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma , designated IAR 330 . These rotorcraft were not only manufactured for domestic consumption, such as the Romanian Air Force, but also for the global market; roughly one-third of all IAR 330s were reportedly sold to export customers. During the late 1980s, a Soviet -Romanian partnership led to
589-489: The manufacture of tractors. The first tractor produced being the IAR 22 . Between 1945 and 1947, under the coordination of Radu Manicatide and Radu Mărdărescu , IAR developed a microcar, named M.R. , and an automobile. However, the company did not persist with road vehicle development in the long term. From 1947, IAR became the Intreprinderea Metalurgica de Stat (State Ironworks) and from 1948,
620-573: The most advanced military powers, including the British Hawker Hurricane and the German Messerschmitt Bf ;109E . An improved model, the IAR 81 fighter aircraft, was designed and produced mid-way through the war as well. The type remained in frontline use until May 1945, when the conflict was brought to an end . After World War II , starting from 1946, the production of IAR was oriented towards
651-683: The nation during the conflict. During the Cold War era, the company branched out into helicopters , securing licensing agreements with France for their designs in the field, leading to the IAR 316 and IAR 330 . In 2000, IAR partnered with the multinational helicopter manufacturer Eurocopter Group to create the Eurocopter Romania joint venture company. Presently, the company employs around 1,200 specialists including more than 170 engineers; it carries out upgrades, revisions, and overhauls on helicopters and light aircraft. To ensure that
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#1732772984218682-496: The new type M59 signified a step forward compared to IMS-57: its engine had 56 hp (42 kW), a maximum speed enhanced to 90 km/h (56 mph), the manual windscreen wiper replaced with an electric one. The cars were bodyworked (2 doors, 4 doors or pick-up), painted and finished in Câmpulung. During the four years in production (1959–1963) the number of vehicles built jumped from 803 (1959) to 3,222 (1963). A new model,
713-617: The previous Romanian Air Corps . The Royal Romanian Air Force fought against the Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierö (Royal Hungarian Air Force) before the Hungarian annexation of Northern Transylvania in 1940. Following some Hungarian incursions into Romanian airspace, the 51st Fighter Squadron of 1st Fighter Flotilla equipped with Heinkel He 112 aircraft was brought to Cluj on the Someșeni airfield to supplement
744-477: The tail. According to Axis regulations, the engine cowling, the under-surfaces of the wingtips and a vertical band on the fuselage ahead of the tail were painted in yellow. After Romania joined the Allies, the crosses were changed back to the tricolor roundels on the fuselage and wings, and the yellow markings were painted white as "Allied identification markings". The ARR was first established on 1 January 1924 from
775-503: The topic of acquiring a majority stake in IAR. According to aerospace periodical Flight International , Bell was at one stage set to purchase a 70 percent shareholding in the firm; this arrangement was closely tied to a planned procurement of the AH-1RO Dracula attack helicopter by Romania, which would have been manufactured locally by IAR. However, by 1998, the purchase was put on hold while efforts were made to raise funds for
806-608: Was Întreprinderea de Construcții Aeronautice Românești (ICAR) , which was created in Bucharest in 1932, and operated a factory in Brașov known as ICA-Brașov ( Întreprinderea de Construcții Aeronautice - Brașov ). One of the engineers designing IAR aircraft in the early 1930s was Elie Carafoli . During 1930, IAR's first original aircraft, the IAR CV 11 , performed its maiden flight ; it functioned as an experimental design only. One of its earliest aircraft to reach quantity production
837-474: Was a very good performer for its time, having won a few international competitions: 1970 Forests Rally (Belgium), 1973 Sons of Beaches (Oregon). With improvements in their technology and performances, some 80,233 M461 land vehicles were produced by 1975, out of which 46,549 were exported and more were used by Romanian Army. About 3,000 M461s are still on the road in Romania, with a very active owners' club. Many of
868-533: Was also shot down on 4 May 1945. The victory was not officially credited in Romanian documents. Fighter units Bomber units Reconnaissance Units Transport Units Liaison Units Aircraft constructed under foreign license or assembled As a result of the German-Soviet Invasion of Poland , a large number of Polish Air Force aircraft were interned in Romania. Also, some Soviet aircraft were captured during World War II, as well as
899-521: Was handicraft: the equipped chassis in functioning condition were tested on the route Câmpulung-Colibași where they were bodyworked, painted and finished in the Pitești factory UAP . The tin parts were made on wooden lasts. Among other oddities, the IMS-57 had manual windshield wipers. In 1959, the IMS-57 was replaced by M59 , which was a substantial improvement over its predecessor. Launched two years later,
930-601: Was organized. After the production was abandoned, a group of workers begun building the first Romanian motorcycles in 1953. The design (from Russian GAZ 69 ) and production of the first Romanian all-terrain vehicle IMS-57 began in 1957, using the parts that were produced as well as upgrading. The 914 units of IMS-57 produced had the following characteristics: coachwork with two doors and tarpaulin, 3260 cc gasoline engine, 50 hp (37 kW) at 2,800 rpm, 80 km/h (50 mph), 24 L/100 km (12 mpg ‑imp ; 9.8 mpg ‑US ) consumption. The construction
961-404: Was the IAR 14 , a trainer aircraft derived from the IAR 12 prototype. The IAR 27 was a more advanced trainer that was introduced in larger quantities during the late 1930s. In addition to pursuing its own designs, IAR also pursued work via the licensed production of foreign-developed aircraft. Poland 's innovative PZL P.11 fighter captured the attention of Romanian officials, leading to