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21-573: ARRS may refer to: Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron , a former aviation unit of the United States Air Force American Roentgen Ray Society Association of Road Racing Statisticians Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title ARRS . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

42-463: A neurosurgeon , an aviator and the first female member of the military to achieve the rank of General Officer , in 1976, as Physician General. In 1981, she was promoted to Inspector General of Medicine. A helicopter pilot, she is the first woman to have piloted a helicopter in a combat zone. She is also a founding member of the Académie de l'air et de l'espace . As a member of the military, she

63-515: A task force of helicopters , ground-attack aircraft , aerial refueling tankers and an airborne command post . The USAF HC-130 , which was introduced in 1965, has served in the latter two roles. The First World War was the background for the development of early combat search and rescue doctrine, especially in the more fluid theaters of war in the Balkans and the Middle East . In

84-529: A SAR mission was predestined to fail, it should not be attempted and other options such as special operations, diversionary tactics and other creative approaches tailored to the situation had to be considered. Recognizing the need for an aircraft that could deliver better close air support , the US Air Force introduced the A-7 Corsair , originally a carrier-based Navy light attack aircraft, to replace

105-491: A helicopter, then flew one to Indochina. From 1952 to 1953, she piloted 129 helicopter missions into the jungle, rescuing 165 soldiers, and on two occasions completed parachute jumps to treat wounded soldiers who needed immediate surgery. One typical mission occurred on 11 December 1951, when casualties were in urgent need of evacuation from Tu Vu on the Black River. The only available helicopter, stationed near Saigon ,

126-459: A wing flight surgeon, Lt. Col. Don Flickinger , and two combat surgical technicians, Sgt. Richard S. Passey and Cpl. William G. MacKenzie, parachuted from the search planes in the Naga area of Burma to assist and care for the injured. At the same time, a ground team was sent to their location and all twenty walked to safety. Although parachute rescues were not officially authorized at the time, this

147-527: Is considered by PJs to be the birth of United States Air Force Pararescue . Eric Sevareid said of his rescuers: "Gallant is a precious word: they deserve it". A few short months later, Capt. Porter was killed on a rescue mission when his B-25 was shot down. During the Vietnam War the costly rescue of Bat 21 led the US military to find a new approach to high-threat search and rescue. They recognized that if

168-487: Is not addressed as "Madame la Générale" (a term reserved for spouses of generals) but as "General". She started as a Medical Captain in Indochina in 1948, already a qualified parachutist and pilot, in addition to being an army surgeon. While in Indochina, she realized that the most difficult part of her duties was retrieving the wounded, who were often trapped in the jungle. She returned to France to learn how to pilot

189-594: The 20th Special Operations Squadron recovered an F-14 Tomcat pilot who was shot down over Iraq. On June 2, 1995, a USAF F-16C was shot down by a Bosnian Serb Army SA-6 surface-to-air missile near Mrkonjić Grad , Bosnia and Herzegovina . The American pilot, Scott O'Grady , ejected safely and was rescued six days later. The operation became known as the Mrkonjić Grad incident . In 1999, members of United States Air Force Pararescue along with Air Force Special Operations recovery aircraft successfully rescued

210-673: The Australian Flying Corps landed behind enemy lines to rescue a downed comrade during World War I . In 1972, Lieutenant Colonel Iceal Hambleton , a navigator/electronic warfare officer with a background in ballistic missile technology and missile countermeasures in the US Air Force , was the sole survivor of an EB-66 shot down during the Easter Offensive . He eluded capture by North Vietnamese forces until his rescue, eleven-and-a-half days later. During

231-649: The Air Force's A-1 Skyraiders , an aircraft that also was originally a carrier-based naval attack bomber. As a result of the Vietnam CSAR experience, the US military also improved the night capability of helicopters and area denial munitions. During the Vietnam War, U.S. SAR forces saved 3,883 lives at the cost of 71 rescuers and 45 aircraft. On 21 April 1917, Captain Richard Williams of

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252-565: The British Royal Naval Air Service performed the first combat search and rescue by aircraft in history. He used his single-seat aeroplane to rescue his wingman who had been shot down in Bulgaria. His Victoria Cross citation included "Squadron-Commander Davies descended at a safe distance from the burning machine, took up Sub-Lieutenant Smylie, in spite of the near approach of a party of the enemy, and returned to

273-549: The aerodrome, a feat of airmanship that can seldom have been equalled for skill and gallantry." Like the search and rescue efforts of the future, Davies' action sprang from the fervent desire to keep a compatriot from capture or death at the hands of the enemy. It was during the Mesopotamian campaign that British and other Commonwealth forces began to use similar tactics on a larger scale. Shot down aviators in hostile Bedouin territory were often located by search parties in

294-620: The air and rescued. Other nations also contributed to the development of modern-day CSAR. During World War II , the Luftwaffe ( Seenotdienst organization) operated armed camouflaged air-sea rescue aircraft. In the First Indochina War French physician, pilot and parachutist Valérie André pioneered MEDEVAC tactics, a precursor to what we know as CSAR today, by flying helicopters into combat zones to retrieve (or sometimes treat) injured soldiers. In August 1943

315-407: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARRS&oldid=1234420741 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Combat search and rescue A CSAR mission may be carried out by

336-692: The opening fluid stages of the First World War the Royal Navy Air Service Armoured Car Section was formed with armed and armoured touring cars to find and pick up aircrew who had been forced down. When trench warfare made this impossible the cars were transferred to other theatres, most notably the Middle East. In 1915, during the First World War, Squadron Commander Richard Bell-Davies of

357-481: The pilot of an F-117 "stealth" attack aircraft ( see 1999 F-117A shootdown ) and also the pilot ( David L. Goldfein ) of an F-16 fighter aircraft. Both of the aircraft were shot down over Yugoslavia while on a NATO -led mission. Val%C3%A9rie Andr%C3%A9 Valérie André ( French pronunciation: [valeʁi ɑ̃dʁe] ; born 21 April 1922) is a veteran of the French Resistance ,

378-515: The rank of Medical Lieutenant Colonel in 1965 then to Medical Colonel in 1970. She had a total of 3200 flight hours, and received 7 citations of the Croix de Guerre . She has written two collections of memoirs : Ici, Ventilateur! Extraits d'un carnet de vol. (Calmann-Lévy, 1954) and Madame le général (Perrin, 1988). She is one of eight women to hold the Grand-croix (Great Cross) rank in

399-484: The rescue operation , five US military aircraft supporting the CSAR effort were shot down, eleven US servicemen were killed, and two men were captured. The rescue operation was the "largest, longest, and most complex search-and-rescue" operation during the entire Vietnam War . It has been the subject of two books and the largely fictionalized film Bat*21 . The United States Air Force (USAF) 24th Special Tactics Squadron

420-562: Was dismantled, flown to Hanoi by a Bristol Freighter and reassembled. Captain André then flew into Tu Vu despite heavy mist and anti-aircraft fire. There, she triaged the casualties, operated on the most pressing cases and then flew the urgent wounded back to Hanoi, two at a time. Later, she was put in command of a casualty evacuation flight. She continued in Algeria as a Medical Commander in 1960, where she completed 365 war missions. She rose to

441-539: Was involved in the 1993 Battle of Mogadishu . Timothy Wilkinson, a Pararescueman, was awarded the Air Force Cross for his heroic actions during the battle. Air Force pararescue personnel (PJs) have been awarded one United States Air Force Medal of Honor and 12 Air Force Cross's since the Southeast Asia conflict. During the opening moments of Operation Desert Storm , an MH-53 Pave Low crew from

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