Misplaced Pages

#12987

62-413: An anti-ship ballistic missile ( ASBM ) is a military ballistic missile system designed to hit a warship at sea . Due to the high flight speed of ballistic missiles, an ASBM's kinetic energy alone may be sufficient to cripple or outright destroy a target with a single conventional warhead impact. Unlike a nuclear warhead , however, this would require a direct hit to be effective; therefore unlike

124-644: A Golf-class submarine . Test firings were carried out between 11 September and 4 December 1973. Following the initial trials, the K-102 continued making trial launches with both the R-27 and the R-27K, until it was accepted for service on 15 August 1975. Using external targeting data, the R-27K/SS-NX-13 would have been launched underwater to a range of between 350 and 400 nautical miles (650 and 740 km), covering

186-414: A "footprint" of 27 nmi (50 km). The maneuvering re-entry vehicle (MaRV) would then home in on the target with a circular error probable (CEP) of 400 yards (370 m). Warhead yield was between 0.5–1 megatonnes. The R-27K / SS-NX-13 was the world's first anti-ship ballistic missile. However, it never became operational, since every launch tube used for the R-27K counted as a strategic missile in

248-471: A Houthi ASBM. The United States Navy fields what some experts believe to be the best midcourse anti-ballistic defense in the world, and is developing high powered lasers for terminal-defense against anti-ship ballistic missiles. The U.S. arsenal has a variety of potential countermeasures. According to a senior political scientist at the RAND Corporation , Roger Cliff, an anti-ship ballistic missile

310-536: A US department of State spokesman that United States objected the President of Sudan Bashir to attend the parade in the news conference held on 31 August 2015. He stated that China should consider about the international society's worry as a UN security council member with inviting or assisting someone who is wanted under the document of warrant signed by ICC. Some 12,000 troops marched along Chang'an Avenue up to Tiananmen for inspection by Chinese leader Xi Jinping and

372-423: A distance of about 1,500 kilometers. The missiles arrived about 15 minutes after launch. It is believed that Iran's Fattah-1 and Kheybar Shekan missiles were used, which both have a range of about 1,400 km. In order to cover large distances, ballistic missiles are usually launched into a high sub-orbital spaceflight ; for intercontinental missiles, the highest altitude ( apogee ) reached during free-flight

434-582: A distinct category from cruise missiles , which are aerodynamically guided in powered flight and thus restricted to the atmosphere. One modern pioneer ballistic missile was the A-4, commonly known as the V-2 developed by Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s under the direction of Wernher von Braun . The first successful launch of a V-2 was on October 3, 1942, and it began operation on September 6, 1944, against Paris , followed by an attack on London two days later. By

496-453: A land attack ballistic missile , which typically strikes fixed targets in known positions, an ASBM requires a dedicated sensor chain to detect and identify its target, combined with a precise and high-performance terminal guidance system with advanced sensors and in-flight calibrations in order to successfully hit a moving target. In late November 2023, during the Red Sea crisis caused by

558-469: A lower throw-weight. The primary reasons to choose a depressed trajectory are to evade anti-ballistic missile systems by reducing the time available to shoot down the attacking vehicle (especially during the vulnerable burn-phase against space-based ABM systems) or a nuclear first-strike scenario. An alternate, non-military purpose for a depressed trajectory is in conjunction with the spaceplane concept with use of airbreathing jet engines , which requires

620-652: A missile based on the Fateh-110 which successfully hit a stationary target vessel. It has been reported as a short ranged ballistic missile with a range of 250–300 km (160–190 mi). Later, Iran introduced the Hormuz missile with anti-ship capability. In 2020, Iran unveiled the Zulfiqar Basir, an anti-ship variant of the Zulfiqar with a range of 700 km (430 mi). Iran also reports successful test of

682-400: A missile's warheads , reentry vehicles , self-contained dispensing mechanisms, penetration aids , and any other components that are part of the delivered payload, and not of the rocket itself (such as the launch rocket booster and launch fuel). Throw-weight may refer to any type of warhead, but in normal modern usage, it refers almost exclusively to nuclear or thermonuclear payloads. It

SECTION 10

#1732786995013

744-531: A range of 750 km (470 mi) capable of anti-ship operations. Another missile Agni-P , a technology spin off variant of Agni-IV and Agni-V has been speculated to be capable of undertaking ASBM roles or predecessor of a carrier-killer missile currently under development. Till September 2022, DRDO had completed design work of another land-based 1,500 km (930 mi) range missile to attack targets across Line of Actual Control with an anti ship variant against aircraft carriers to cover Indian carriers in

806-860: A vice admiral and a lieutenant general of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force : Tian Zhong , deputy commander of the PLA Navy , Chen Dong , deputy commander of the PLA Air Force , Wu Guohua , deputy commander of the PLA Rocket Force . Zheng Qunliang another deputy commander of the Air Force, commanded the squadron of jet fighters in the air. This was the first time in PRC's history that military parade contingents were led by officers ranked as high as lieutenant general. Surviving soldiers from

868-405: Is about 4,500 kilometers (2,800 mi). A ballistic missile's trajectory consists of three parts or phases : the boost phase, the mid-course phase and the terminal phase. Special systems and capabilities are required to facilitate the successful passage from one phase to the other. The boost phase is the powered flight portion, beginning with the ignition of the engines and concluding with

930-460: Is also able to carry anti-ship warheads, possibly hypersonic glide vehicles like the DF-ZF , to attack medium and large naval vessels out to ranges of 3,500–5,000 kilometres (2,200–3,100 mi). China is apparently working on a second-generation ASBM using hypersonic maneuverable reentry vehicle technology tested on the DF-ZF . This would allow the warhead to search for the current location of

992-441: Is not useful without additional complex ship detection, data processing and communication systems, all of which, including the missile itself, could be jammed or spoofed. The 4K18 was a Soviet Union intermediate-range ballistic anti-ship missile (also known as R-27K, where "K" stands for korabelnaya which means "ship-related") NATO reporting name : SS-NX-13. Initial submarine testing began on 9 December 1972 on board K-102 ,

1054-605: The Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea . An unknown Long-range Anti-ship Hypersonic Ballistic Missile was tested at the Integrated Test Range , Abdul Kalam Island on 16 November 2024 with a range of over 1,500 kilometres (930 mi). To be primarily used by the Indian Navy from shore-based launchers. In February 2011, Iran demonstrated a short-range anti-ship ballistic missile named Persian Gulf or Khalij Fars ,

1116-600: The Emad missile to target aircraft carriers at a range of more than 1,000 km (620 mi). Pakistan Navy successfully conducted flight test of an indigenously developed ship-launched anti-ship ballistic missile with a 350-kilometer range named SMASH in November 2024. The missile system, equipped with advanced navigation and maneuverability features, is said to be capable of striking land and sea targets with high precision. Ballistic missile These missiles are in

1178-481: The Northern Theater Command , greeted Xi in front of Tiananmen at the start of the parade during the inspection segment, declaring the readiness of the troops for the marchpast. Atop Tiananmen , Xi Jinping wore a Mao suit , as was customary for leaders inspecting troops at military parades; his wife Peng Liyuan wore a red dress. The remaining political figures wore business suits. Xi delivered

1240-576: The SALT agreement , and they were considered more important. China has inducted the world's first operational anti-ship ballistic missile, a " carrier killer" capable of carrying both conventional and nuclear warheads, known as the DF-21D . In 2010, it was reported that China had entered the DF-21D into its early operational stage for deployment. The DF-26 , first revealed on the 2015 Victory Day Parade ,

1302-441: The "Five Heroes of Langya Mountain" (狼牙山五壮士), " Battle of Pingxingguan Hero Squad ", and the " Hundred Regiments Offensive Hero Squad ". Representative detachments from each Chinese military region participated in the parade, led by soldiers carrying standards used by the predecessor units. These represented the following CCP formations during the war against Japan: A detachment of the People's Armed Police also participated in

SECTION 20

#1732786995013

1364-571: The "God of War" considering that they are the biggest guns in the Chinese military. DF-21D , the world's first Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile , was on display in the parade. They came immediately after the DF-15 and DF-16 missiles. The DF-41 , reportedly China's newest ICBM, was not shown in the parade. The squad included 1 KJ-2000 and 8 J-10 . They were first displayed in 2009 China's National Day Parade. China's newest early warning plane,

1426-799: The Earth's atmosphere at very high velocities, on the order of 6–8 kilometers per second (22,000–29,000 km/h; 13,000–18,000 mph) at ICBM ranges. During the beginning of this phase, the missile's trajectory is still relatively well defined, though as the missile reaches the heavier layers of atmosphere it is increasingly influenced by gravity and aerodynamic drag, which can affect its landing. Ballistic missiles can be launched from fixed sites or mobile launchers, including vehicles (e.g., transporter erector launchers ), aircraft , ships , and submarines . Ballistic missiles vary widely in range and use, and are often divided into categories based on range. Various schemes are used by different countries to categorize

1488-669: The KJ-500, was displayed for the first time in this parade. The H-6K was debuted as well. 5×Shenyang J-15, a carrier-based fighter jet, was also debuted in this parade. China's most advanced fighter jet, the J-20, was not shown in the parade. 8×WZ-10 (7) and 12×WZ-19 (0) helicopters formed the number "70" in the sky at 10:20 to mark the 70 years since the Victory over the Japanese. The Parade began at 10:09 and ended at 11:40. After

1550-888: The Nationalists and the Nanking massacre that followed, which resulted in many Chinese deaths by Japanese military personnel garrisoned in the city. The CY Leung administration in Hong Kong argued for a holiday to facilitate participation in commemorative events, thus it tabled the "Special Holiday (3 September 2015) Ordinance" – designating the day as a one-off holiday – for debate in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) in July. The act passed despite strong resistance and more than 90 amendments from one legislator. To reduce air pollution and ensure blue skies for

1612-625: The People's Republic of China , and Chairman of the Central Military Commission , was the central figure of the day's events. Premier Li Keqiang was the master of ceremonies for the parade, breaking convention from its two previous renditions of the parade, which were both hosted by the Communist Party Secretary of Beijing ( Jia Qinglin in 1999 and Liu Qi in 2009). General Song Puxuan , Commander of

1674-709: The Second World War joined the parade for the first time. They had fought under various commands, including the New Fourth Army , the National Revolutionary Army , and the Eighth Route Army , with most over 90 years old then. Some of the passed soldiers' widows marched in place of their husbands. Besides Chinese soldiers, some surviving airmen of United States Air Force who had fought alongside Chinese forces also joined

1736-514: The Second World War. Xi Jinping decreed the creation of two new public holidays targeted at Japan, the first being 3 September – Victory over Japan Day , officially named The 70th anniversary of Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War Victory Commemoration Day. The second one was declared for 13 December, marking the Japanese takeover of Nanjing, China's then capital under

1798-589: The Soviets to maintain higher throw-weight than an American force with a roughly comparable number of lower-payload missiles. The missiles with the world's heaviest payloads are the Russian SS-18 and Chinese CSS-4 and as of 2017 , Russia was developing a new heavy-lift, liquid-propellant ICBM called the Sarmat . Throw-weight is normally calculated using an optimal ballistic trajectory from one point on

1860-459: The Type 99 as the tank is near finalization. On parade where the infantry fighting vehicle (ZBD-05A) and fire support variants (ZTD-05) of the People's Liberation Army Marine Corps ZBD2000 vehicle, with an ability to plane when waterborne these are the fastest amphibious armoured fighting vehicles in the world. The ZBD-04A infantry fighting vehicle, a troop carrying counterpart to the Type 99 MBT

1922-465: The Yemenis had used ASBMs for the "first time in history". The first combat shootdown of an ASBM was achieved by the destroyer USS  Laboon on December 26, 2023. By January 9th, a total of seven Houthi ASBMs had been successfully intercepted by the U.S. Navy. On January 24, 2024, USS  Gravely shot down two Houthi ASBMs. On January 26, 2024, USS  Carney also successfully intercepted

Anti-ship ballistic missile - Misplaced Pages Continue

1984-411: The atmosphere from space. However, in common military terminology, the term "hypersonic ballistic missile" is generally only given to those that can be maneuvered before hitting their target and don't follow a simple ballistic trajectory . Throw-weight is a measure of the effective weight of ballistic missile payloads . It is measured in kilograms or tonnes . Throw-weight equals the total weight of

2046-473: The ballistic missile to remain low enough inside the atmosphere for air-breathing engines to function. In contrast, a "lofted" trajectory is frequently used for testing purposes, as it reduces the range of the missile (allowing for a controlled and observed impact), as well as signals a lack of hostile intention with the test. The following ballistic missiles have been used in combat: 2015 China Victory Day Parade The 2015 China Victory Day parade

2108-605: The carrier, instead of just dropping towards the predicted spot it was initially aiming at. The high speed maneuvers would also make the missile much harder to intercept. Type 055 destroyers are armed with the YJ-21 anti-ship ballistic missiles along with the YJ-18 anti-ship cruise missiles in GJB 5860-2006 vertical launch system . The Indian Navy currently has ship launched Dhanush ballistic missiles in use for anti-ship roles. It has

2170-454: The case of some fractional-orbital capable systems) at speeds of up to 7.5 to 10 kilometres per second (4 to 5 nautical miles per second). The last phase in the missile's trajectory is the terminal or re-entry phase, beginning with the re-entry of the missile into the Earth's atmosphere (if exoatmospheric ) where atmospheric drag plays a significant part in missile trajectory, and lasts until missile impact . Re-entry vehicles re-enter

2232-528: The city. Chinese Communist Party leader Xi Jinping inspected the troops, Premier Li Keqiang was the master of ceremonies and General Song Puxuan was the chief commander of the parade. The 70th Anniversary of V-day parade marked the first time that China held a military parade other than the National Day, and the first to celebrate the end of World War II. Since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, China held parades primarily on 1 October,

2294-635: The continuation of the 2023 Gaza war , the United States Central Command (CENTCOM) in the Middle East, reported that two ballistic missiles had been fired at the United States Navy Arleigh Burke -class destroyer USS  Mason from areas controlled by Yemeni Houthi movement . In January 2024, at the same time as US and British airstrikes on Yemen, US President Joe Biden confirmed that

2356-570: The country's national day. The most prominent renditions of the parade were held in 1959, 1984, 1999, and 2009 , presided over respectively by then leaders Mao Zedong , Deng Xiaoping , Jiang Zemin , and Hu Jintao . The 70th anniversary parade was also the first major parade since Xi Jinping took power as the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (China's paramount leader ) in 2012. The prevailing theme

2418-645: The end of World War II in Europe in May 1945, more than 3,000 V-2s had been launched. In addition to its use as a weapon, a vertically launched V-2 became the first human-made object to reach outer space on June 20, 1944. The R-7 Semyorka was the first intercontinental ballistic missile . The largest ballistic missile attack in history took place on 1 October 2024 when the Iranian Revolutionary Guard launched about 200 missiles at Israel ,

2480-411: The end of powered flight. The powered flight portion can last from a few tenths of seconds to several minutes and can consist of multiple rocket stages. Internal computers keep the missile aligned on a preprogrammed trajectory. On multi-stage missiles , stage separation (excluding any post-boost vehicles or MIRV bus) occurs primarily during the boost phase. The mid-course phase is the longest in

2542-656: The event and what they see as the CCP usurping credit for leading the Chinese defence against Japan during World War II. However, former Chairman of the Kuomintang Lien Chan also attended the parade, ostensibly in his personal capacity, sparking controversy at home. Whilst Tsai Ing-wen , leader of the Taiwanese opposition, criticised Lian for failing to represent the views of the majority of Taiwanese, observers noted that Lien had considerable business interests on

Anti-ship ballistic missile - Misplaced Pages Continue

2604-406: The first occasion of female service personnel forming part of the honor guard during a national parade. Their first public presentation occurred during the state visit of the President of Turkmenistan to Beijing in May 2015, using the Type 56 ceremonial rifle. The CCP's hero squads consisted of detachments that traced their lineage to units that participated in the war against Japan, which included

2666-709: The keynote address at the parade with an unexpected announcement of a plan to cut 300,000 personnel from the Chinese military. The other members of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee , Zhang Dejiang , Yu Zhengsheng , Liu Yunshan , Wang Qishan , and Zhang Gaoli , watched the parade on top of Tiananmen Gate. Former paramount leaders Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao; former Premiers Li Peng , Zhu Rongji and Wen Jiabao ; and other former senior leaders Li Ruihuan , Wu Bangguo , Jia Qinglin, Li Lanqing , Song Ping , Zeng Qinghong , Wu Guanzheng , Li Changchun , Luo Gan , and He Guoqiang , also attended

2728-451: The lack of traffic jams, and these were welcomed by residents of the capital. Observers noted that the umbrella, which became iconic in Hong Kong during the protests in 2014 , were nowhere to be seen despite the blazing heat although commonly used as a shield against the sun in China. Xi Jinping, who holds the posts for the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party , President of

2790-544: The mainland he sought to protect, likewise the Kuomintang also had interests on the mainland. Hong Kong commentator Frank Ching added that Lien Chan's presence at the ceremony undermined the KMT, as China appeared to erase the role of the Nationalists in defending China. Other pundits said that the main object of the parade was to rewrite history and elevate the CCP's position in ending the war. Kyodo News Agency cited

2852-468: The missile's trajectory, beginning with the conclusion of powered flight. When the fuel is exhausted, no more thrust is provided and the missile enters free flight. During this phase the missile, now largely consisting of a warhead or payload and possibly defensive countermeasures and small propulsion systems for further alignment toward its target, will reach its highest altitude and may travel in space for thousands of kilometres (or even indefinitely, in

2914-473: The parade at Tiananmen. This meant that all former members of the Standing Committee who were in good standing with the party and alive at the time of the parade attended the event; they sat in strict protocol sequence to the right of the members of the incumbent Politburo Standing Committee. Hong Kong Special Administration Region chief executive Leung Chun-ying also led a 300-person group at

2976-528: The parade, Xi Jinping held a reception of the visiting international dignitaries. China's Ministry of National Defence spokesman Yang Yujun said that the cuts to the size of the military would include personnel not trained for battle. According to his opinion, China will modify the 'command system' by simplifying its management structure. China's one-star general Xu Guangyu also said that the China's People's Armed Police will be reformed appropriately. For historical reasons, China's military structure emphasizes

3038-436: The parade, and Macau Chief Executive Fernando Chui also attended. The following countries sent their former leaders to the parade : Leaders of the following international organizations were in attendance: In addition, many embassies around Beijing also sent their defense attaches and military generals to attend the parade. Taiwan's Mainland Affairs Council , President Ma Ying-jeou and his Kuomintang objected to

3100-457: The parade, half of Beijing's cars were barred from the streets and nearly 10,000 industrial firms in Beijing and in areas near and far – Hebei, Tianjin, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shandong and Henan – suspended or cut production starting on 20 August to cut down on emissions. The factory shut-downs and road closures gave rise to rare instance of clean air, where PM2.5 measurements were below 50, and

3162-458: The parade, the unit having previously been part of the PLA. The unit's lineage, through the 114th Division of the 38th Army , can also be traced to regiments that fought during the war. Groups from 17 countries were sent to take part in the military parade. Marching in alphabetical order these were: A group of the latest model of China's Type 99 main battle tank. The A marks the last iteration of

SECTION 50

#1732786995013

3224-419: The parade. Hot air balloons and hang gliders were equally barred from the city; those residing along Chang'an Avenue were forbidden from opening their windows during the lock-down period. Domestic satellite televisions were restricted from playing entertainment programs between 1–5 September. China Central Television ceased the broadcasting of all entertainment programming, only playing films and TV series about

3286-644: The ranges of ballistic missiles: Long- and medium-range ballistic missiles are generally designed to deliver nuclear weapons because their payload is too limited for conventional explosives to be cost-effective in comparison to conventional bomber aircraft . A quasi-ballistic missile is a category of SRBM that is largely ballistic but can perform maneuvers in flight or make unexpected changes in direction and range. Large guided MLRS rockets with range comparable to an SRBM are sometimes categorized as quasi-ballistic missiles. Many ballistic missiles reach hypersonic speeds (i.e. Mach 5 and above) when they re-enter

3348-434: The stock market to ensure stability ahead of the anniversary; there were traffic curfews and closures of public facilities including seven parks and some hospitals. Line 1, Beijing Subway , which passes underneath Chang'an Avenue, was shut down; 256 bus-lines in Beijing were placed under tight transport restrictions from 2–4 September. On the day of the parade, hospitals restricted most of their activities beyond emergencies,

3410-411: The stock markets were closed. Areas in the city centre were placed under martial law, and 850,000 "citizen guards" were deployed to ensure security within the city. The city authorities sent in trained macaques and falcons to make sure the skies over central Beijing were free of birds that would put the flypast at risk . The trained macaque monkeys climbed trees and dismantled birds nests in advance of

3472-435: The surface of the Earth to another. A "minimum-energy trajectory" maximizes the total payload (throw-weight) using the available impulse of the missile. By reducing the payload weight, different trajectories can be selected, which can either increase the nominal range or decrease the total time in flight. A depressed trajectory is non-optimal, as a lower and flatter trajectory takes less time between launch and impact but has

3534-423: The two living former leaders Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao . There were 10 squads: 9 from the People's Liberation Army and 1 from the People's Armed Police ). Each squad had 350 soldiers excluding the color guards, and were led by two major generals or lieutenant generals in active service. In total, 56 generals participated in the event. The military vehicle contingent were led by two Air Force lieutenant generals,

3596-504: The veterans column. The veterans rode in open-top buses at the start of the parade and were escorted by the People's Armed Police Motorcycle Escort Squadron. A 1,000 piece band was present to provide musical accompaniment to the parade. The bands were organized as follows: The color guard consisted of 207 men and women from the PLA Honor Guard Battalion , who escorted the national military colours . This marked

3658-576: Was a military parade held along Chang'an Avenue , Beijing, on 3 September 2015 to celebrate the 70th anniversary of Victory over Japan Day of World War II . The commemoration was the first high-profile military parade held to celebrate an occasion other than the National Day of the People's Republic of China . 12,000 troops of the People's Liberation Army participated in the parade, in addition to over 1,000 troops from 17 different countries, and about 850,000 "Citizen Guards" were mobilised to guard

3720-586: Was once also a consideration in the design of naval ships and the number and size of their guns. Throw-weight was used as a criterion in classifying different types of missiles during Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between the Soviet Union and the United States . The term became politically controversial during debates over the arms control accord, as critics of the treaty alleged that Soviet missiles were able to carry larger payloads and so enabled

3782-549: Was paraded. The ZBD-03 IFV is a light airmobile infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) and the most mobile IFV of China's People's Liberation Army, was displayed for the first time in the parade. Anti-tank missile and Light Assault Vehicles variants. came afterward. Self-propelled Red Arrow 10 anti-tank guided missile vehicles with anti-helicopter-warfare, fire and forget and man-in-the-loop capabilities were also paraded. A group of PLZ-05A (1×155MM Howitzer) and PGZ-07 (2×35×228MM Oerlikon KDA guns) self-propelled guns, often nicknamed

SECTION 60

#1732786995013

3844-407: Was to be "peace and victory". Xi Jinping had attended the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade in May as the guest-of-honour of Russian president Vladimir Putin , and Putin returned the favour at this parade. National leadership placed considerable importance on being able to put the best foot forward and do away with distractions. Bloomberg reported that the central government once again intervened in

#12987