Misplaced Pages

#199800

34-783: (Redirected from AZM ) Azm , AZM or variants may refer to: People [ edit ] Al-Azm family , prominent Syrian family As'ad Pasha al-Azm (c. 1706 – 1758), governor of Damascus Sulayman Pasha al-Azm (died 1743), governor of Damascus Ibrahim Pasha al-Azm (died 1746), governor of Tripoli and Sidon Haqqi al-Azm (1864–1955), former prime minister of Syria Khalid al-Azm (1903–1965), five times prime minister of Syria Sadiq Jalal al-Azm (1934–2016), Syrian philosophy professor AZM (wrestler) (born 2002), Japanese professional wrestler Places [ edit ] Azm Palace , Damascus, Syria Azm Palace (Hama) , Syria Other uses [ edit ] Project Azm ,

68-408: A "reputation as a resolute but just and even generous ruler", according to historian Dick Douwes. The 18th-century Homs-based chronicler Muhammad al-Makki praised Ismail's rule and prayed that "God give him strength and make him stand firm and prolong his rule and deliver him and his troops from his enemies". Although his appointment was for seven years, by his second year in office, in 1721, Ismail

102-554: A cancelled Pakistani aircraft project Old Azerbaijani manat , a former currency of Azerbaijan Ipalapa Amuzgo , ISO 639 language code azm, a dialect of Amuzgo Azinphos-methyl , an organophosphate insecticide American Zionist Movement , the American federation of Zionist groups See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Azm All pages with titles containing Azm Azem (disambiguation) Azim (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

136-472: A word of Arabic whereas Mehmed was apparently thoroughly Arabized". Ismail Pasha, who later became wāli (governor) of Tripoli, was transferred to Damascus in 1725 at the request of the mufti , after fighting between different factions of janissaries prevented the Hajj caravan from departing on time. His brother became the wali of Tripoli, and his son became the wali of Sidon. In 1730 when Sultam Ahmed III

170-744: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Al-Azm family The origins of the Azm family are relatively obscure and evidence has been described as "contradictory and generally unsatisfactory." One of the most prominent families in Ottoman Syria, the Al-Azm's may have originated from the region of Konya in Anatolia ; hence, their roots in Turkey may shed light on recruitment and career patterns of

204-500: Is first mentioned in the history records in 1717, when, as the agha (local military commander) of Ma'arra, he sent wheat and barley provisions to Homs after that city faced a food shortage following an attack by Bedouin raiders. In 1719, he was appointed the mutasallim (district governor) of the Ma'arra, Homs and Hama sanjaks (districts); Ma'arra was part of Aleppo Eyalet , while Homs and Hama were part of Tripoli Eyalet . Ismail

238-541: Is more likely that a Beduin family in the Ottoman service should become partly turkicized and live for a while in Anatolia than that a Turkish family should seek to derive prestige by falsely attributing its origins to a Beduin tribe." On the other hand, Dr Abdul Karim Rafeq "opts for the local-origin theory without committing himself to the beduin part." In response to primary sources stating "that Sadeddin [Pasha al-Azm]

272-522: Is no proof that the Azms themselves claimed to be of bedouin origin". The controversy can be understood in light of statements made by Dr. Shamir Shimon and Dr. Abdul Karim Rafeq. Dr. Shimon Shamir states that "although none of the views is supported by definite proofs, the latter [that is, the Beduin theory] seems to be more acceptable. In the realities of Syria in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it

306-481: The Sublime Porte (Ottoman imperial government) to send Ismail imperial troops to rein in the nomadic Turkmen and Mawali tribes. The Sublime Porte also granted Ismail and his family certain privileges that guaranteed them significant income. Ismail's restoration of order amid instability marked by frequent Bedouin raids, infighting among various military forces and the brutality of local administrators, gained him

340-563: The mutasallims of Hama, Homs and Ma'arra. He established lucrative monopolies as governor, including on sheep from Hama, and was responsible for a number of building works in the city of Damascus . Ismail Pasha was dismissed from the governorship in late 1730 when the Sublime Porte accused him of embezzling money slated for provisioning the Hajj caravan. However, this charge was deemed "dubious" by historian Karl Barbir. Ismail Pasha

374-491: The Damascus-Medina caravan route, and later migrated to Anatolia, then to Ma'arra." In fact, there is no doubt, however, that to eighteenth century local annalists and European observers the ‘Aẓms were known as a family of Arab (Bedouin) origin... It may very well be that the latter view [being of Turkish stock] is a mistaken conclusion based on the family's long residence in the province of Konya. However, "there

SECTION 10

#1732801978200

408-612: The Ottoman administration with hereditary tax farms in Homs , Hama and Ma'arrat al-Nu'man. In an article written by a member of the family, Professor Sadiq Jalal al-Azm , the introductory author, Jean-Pierre Rondas , describes Al-Azm as: ...in fact of 'Ottoman' and Turkish descent. His family belonged to the Ottoman ruling class in Damascus; its power dates back to the 17th and 18th centuries... The Turkish family al-Azm continued to stay in Damascus [...] under French mandate. A member of

442-420: The Ottoman era. Family members were using the name Azmzade in the nineteenth century, in reference to the Azm clan with the zade being an addition indicating nobility. The Latin inscription of the name translated from Arabic script has evolved over time and is now written in different ways. Some family members have the family name Azme, Aladem, Alazm, Aladam, Alzm or some other surnames, although they all belong to

476-498: The family members who held high positions as Ottoman officers in the Syrian provinces. The Al-Azm's began to emerge as a major influence in the region when Ibrahim al-'Azm, "a rural notable possibly of Turkish stock", went to Ma'arrat al-Nu'man to restore order in the mid-seventeenth century. Upon his death, Ibrahim al-'Azm's sons, Ismail Pasha al-Azm and Sulayman Pasha al-Azm , completed their father's task and were rewarded by

510-467: The family to govern Damascus was Abdullah Pasha al-Azm who served intermittently between 1795 and 1807. In the mid-18th century the al-Azm family reconciled itself to power centres outside the family. Consequently, two members of its family, Layla bint al-Sayyid Ibrahim al-Azm and Khadija bint Nasuh Pasha, were married to Turkish mamluks in the family's service to retain the Azm family name. The lineage descending from Layla indicates that this branch of

544-530: The family were concentrated around Hama, and many held government posts there. Al-Azm's era brought a building boom to Damascus where dozens of baths , khans , schools and souqs were built, many of which still remain today. Most famous of them are the Azm Palace in Damascus, and the Azm Palace in Hama, both of which were built by As'ad Pasha al-Azm as palatial residences. Last names were not used during

578-589: The family, Khalid bey al-Azm , even became prime minister. The family's political influence lasted until 1963, when the pan-Arabic nationalist Baath party seized power. In addition to the Turkish origin theory, an Arab origin is believed to be possible. In particular, the Azm family is believed to be part of "the Banu Azm tribe of the northern Hijaz, [who] served the Ottomans in the sixteenth century by protecting

612-410: The governors of the Damascus, Tripoli and Sidon provinces and who often served longer than typical terms. Ismail was the son of a professional Ottoman soldier, Ibrahim al-'Azm, "a rural notable possibly of Turkish stock", who was sent to Ma'arrat al-Nu'man to restore order in the mid-seventeenth century; Ismail was known as "Ibn al-Azm" (Son of al-Azm) and early in his career as "Ismail Agha". He

646-409: The offices of wali of Damascus and amir al-hajj . The frequent and consecutive appointments of al-Azm members to Damascus contrasted with the traditionally short, typically one-year-long, terms that most governors of Damascus served. The fact that the al-Azms were from Syria also differed from the mostly non-Syrian officials who traditionally filled the post of wali of Damascus. During those years,

680-501: The other governors of Tripoli, who typically neglected their duties in the Homs and Hama districts due to the challenge posed in those regions by frequent Bedouin depredations. During Ismail Pasha's time in office, the central authorities granted him a malikâne (leasehold for life) over the sanjak of Hama, while the town of Hama became the countryside headquarters of the al-Azm family after they moved there from Ma'arra. Ismail Pasha

714-457: The pilgrim caravan. The Ottoman state was also interested in confiscating the wealth al-Azm accumulated during his tenure in office. The large amounts of money collected made the state revalue its currency. He was transferred to Aleppo and later dismissed and executed. This marked the end of the family's golden age. It continued to assert some influence, and many of its members served as walis later, but its great days were over. The last member of

SECTION 20

#1732801978200

748-594: The province of Damascus. Despite As'ad Pasha's ability to ensure the security of the pilgrim caravan, the new Ottoman authorities in Istanbul deposed him in 1757 after fourteen years of governance. The Grand Vizier at the time, Raghib Pasha , denounced him as a, "peasant son of a peasant," after a deal between the two of them failed. In addition, the Kizlar Agha of Istanbul disliked al-Azm for apparently not taking good care of him when he passed through Damascus on

782-404: The same family. In addition, some members of the family that remained in Turkey have a variety of different last names which were selected following the promulgation of a 1934 law which made last names mandatory and banned the use to references of nobility. It is not clear whether some use the surname Kemikoğlu, literally meaning "the son the bone". Ismail Pasha al-Azm Ismail Pasha al-Azm

816-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Azm . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azm&oldid=1125275884 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

850-420: The south. He was also concurrently appointed amir al-hajj and was thus responsible for the safety and provisioning of the annual Hajj caravan from Damascus to Mecca. In his first four years (1725–1729) as amir al-hajj , Ismail Pasha successfully countered four attempted Bedouin raids against the caravan. Throughout his term in Damascus, Ismail Pasha appointed members of his family or their close associates as

884-489: Was "un autre pacha arabe de nation"; and that Mehmed [Pasha al-Azm] was of an Arab family... [and] that the 'Azms were "Arabs" (awlad al-'Arab) from the Arab lands (al-bilad al-'Arabiyya)," Dr Rafeq advocates for treating these statements with great caution, especially the epithet "Arab", which he takes to mean "local" as opposed to Ottoman. Finally, it is important to note that there is evidence that "Sulayman Pasha al-Azm knew not

918-430: Was an Ottoman statesman who served as the governor of Damascus and amir al-hajj in 1725–1730. Prior to this post he served as the agha (local commander) of Ma'arrat al-Nu'man and steadily moved up the ranks to become the governor of the districts of Ma'arrat al-Nu'man, Hama and Homs in 1719 and then governor of Tripoli in 1721 before being assigned to the Damascus governorship. His consistent promotion

952-454: Was appointed wali of Crete Eyalet in 1731 and served until 1732. Sulayman Pasha would later succeed Ismail as wali of Damascus in 1734. Ismail Pasha established the foundations of the al-Azm family's prominence in Syria as the most powerful political household in the provinces of Damascus, Sidon and Tripoli in the 18th century. Between 1725 and 1757, the al-Azm family nearly monopolized

986-464: Was attributed to his successes in restoring order to the Syrian countryside after a period of high instability, protecting Syria's farmlands from Bedouin raids and ensuring the safety of the annual Hajj pilgrim caravan to Mecca . Although he was deposed from the governorship in 1730, he established his family, al-Azm , as a major political household in Syria whose members were frequently appointed as

1020-495: Was charged with repopulating villages that had been abandoned due to Bedouin raids and restoring order in the districts. In late 1719, the central authorities commanded him to forcibly settle the nomadic and frequently rebellious Turkmen tribesmen of the region in villages in his territory. Al-Azm was able to bring order and peace to the districts through forming local alliances and with the support of Aleppo's wali (provincial governor). The latter used his influence to persuade

1054-471: Was deposed they were all dismissed, but not for long. Sulayman Pasha al-Azm , brother of Ismail Pasha, became wali of Damascus between 1733 and 1738 and again from 1741 until his death in 1743. He was succeeded by his nephew As'ad Pasha al-Azm who reigned between 1743 and 1757, and was considered the greatest governor of Damascus in Ottoman times. As'ad Pasha overcame all his local adversaries after three years struggle. In his reign Hama and Homs were added to

Azm - Misplaced Pages Continue

1088-551: Was likely dismissed due to the ousting of Sultan Ahmed III in a coup and the consequent dismissal of provincial governors appointed under Ahmed's administration. In addition to his imprisonment in the Citadel of Damascus , Ismail Pasha's properties were seized by the authorities, while his brother Sulayman Pasha was dismissed from the Tripoli governorship. However, in 1731, Ismail Pasha and Sulayman Pasha were pardoned. Ismail Pasha

1122-430: Was promoted as wali of Tripoli Eyalet, and was thereafter known as "Ismail Pasha". During his term, he successfully protected Muslim pilgrim convoys on their way to Damascus, from where they would begin their departure to Mecca to perform the Hajj . Ismail Pasha also ensured that the towns of Tripoli Eyalet had sufficient food supplies and he protected the province's farmlands from harvest thieves. This contrasted with

1156-467: Was transferred to the governorship of Damascus Eyalet in 1725, after a revolt in the city against Wali Çerkes Osman Pasha . He was replaced by his brother Sulayman Pasha al-Azm in Tripoli, while one of his sons was appointed mutasallim of Hama. As wali of Damascus, he was tasked with bringing order to the Syrian interior from Ma'arra in the north to the eastern bank of the Jordan River in

#199800