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24-709: Ambrolauri is situated in the Greater Caucasus 's southern slope zone and borders various subranges of the Caucasus. Its southern geographical boundary is the Racha Range while in the north it is limited by the Lechkhumi Range , where its highest mountains peaks are located. The municipality is crossed by the Rioni and its tributaries Krikhula, Znakura, Shareula, Lukhuni, Ritseula and Askistskali. Due to

48-843: A variety of rock types . Most geologically young mountain ranges on the Earth's land surface are associated with either the Pacific Ring of Fire or the Alpide belt . The Pacific Ring of Fire includes the Andes of South America, extends through the North American Cordillera , the Aleutian Range , on through Kamchatka Peninsula , Japan , Taiwan , the Philippines , Papua New Guinea , to New Zealand . The Andes

72-722: Is 7,000 kilometres (4,350 mi) long and is often considered the world's longest mountain system. The Alpide belt stretches 15,000 km across southern Eurasia , from Java in Maritime Southeast Asia to the Iberian Peninsula in Western Europe , including the ranges of the Himalayas , Karakoram , Hindu Kush , Alborz , Caucasus , and the Alps . The Himalayas contain the highest mountains in

96-476: Is a series of mountains or hills arranged in a line and connected by high ground. A mountain system or mountain belt is a group of mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure, and alignment that have arisen from the same cause, usually an orogeny . Mountain ranges are formed by a variety of geological processes, but most of the significant ones on Earth are the result of plate tectonics . Mountain ranges are also found on many planetary mass objects in

120-538: Is at work while the mountains are being uplifted until the mountains are reduced to low hills and plains. The early Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado provides an example. As the uplift was occurring some 10,000 feet (3,000 m) of mostly Mesozoic sedimentary strata were removed by erosion over the core of the mountain range and spread as sand and clays across the Great Plains to

144-531: Is drier, having been stripped of much of its moisture. Often, a rain shadow will affect the leeward side of a range. As a consequence, large mountain ranges, such as the Andes, compartmentalize continents into distinct climate regions . Mountain ranges are constantly subjected to erosional forces which work to tear them down. The basins adjacent to an eroding mountain range are then filled with sediments that are buried and turned into sedimentary rock . Erosion

168-896: Is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains . It stretches for about 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from west-northwest to east-southeast, from the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea : from the Western Caucasus in the vicinity of Sochi on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea and reaching nearly to Baku on the Caspian. The range

192-402: Is traditionally separated into three parts: In the wetter Western Caucasus, the mountains are heavily forested ( deciduous forest up to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft), coniferous forest up to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) and alpine meadows above the tree line ). In the drier Eastern Caucasus, the mountains are mostly treeless. The watershed of the Caucasus is also considered by some to be

216-473: The Ocean Ridge forms the longest continuous mountain system on Earth, with a length of 65,000 kilometres (40,400 mi). The position of mountain ranges influences climate, such as rain or snow. When air masses move up and over mountains, the air cools, producing orographic precipitation (rain or snow). As the air descends on the leeward side, it warms again (following the adiabatic lapse rate ) and

240-519: The Solar System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets . Mountain ranges are usually segmented by highlands or mountain passes and valleys . Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geologic structure or petrology . They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and terranes , for example thrust sheets , uplifted blocks , fold mountains, and volcanic landforms resulting in

264-705: The boundary between Eastern Europe and Western Asia . The European part to the north of the watershed is known as Ciscaucasia ; the Asiatic part to the south as Transcaucasia , which is dominated by the Lesser Caucasus mountain range and whose western portion converges with Eastern Anatolia . Most of the border of Russia with Georgia and Azerbaijan runs along most of the Caucasus' length. The Georgian Military Road ( Darial Gorge ) and Trans-Caucasus Highway traverse this mountain range at altitudes of up to 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). The watershed of

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288-589: The 2014 census, the ethnic composition is mono-ethnic Georgian (Rachvelian sub-group), apart from a few dozen residents of mixed origin. The population consists of followers of the Georgian Orthodox Church . Ambrolauri Municipal Assembly ( Georgian : ამბროლაურის საკრებულო, Ambrolauri Sakrebulo ) is a representative body in Ambrolauri Municipality, consisting of 30 members which are elected every four years. The last election

312-848: The Caucasus was the border between the Caucasia province of the Russian Empire in the north and the Ottoman Empire and Persia in the south (1801) until the Russian victory in 1813 and the Treaty of Gulistan which moved the border of the Russian Empire well within Transcaucasia. The border between Georgia and Russia still follows the watershed almost exactly (except for Georgia's western border, which extends south of

336-592: The Mamison Pass on the Russian border . It is also known as the Ossetian Military Road , which was originally constructed in the 19th century as an alternative route from Russia to Georgia, in addition to the existing Georgian Military Road . Today the road ends at the de facto border with South Ossetia, shortly before the Mamison Pass and the Russian border. The national route Sh17 connects

360-424: The central government deemed this reform too expensive and inefficient. The Ambrolauri Municipality is administratively divided into 18 communities (თემი, temi) with 69 villages (სოფელი, sopeli). There is one urban-type settlement (დაბა, daba) and one city (ქალაქი, kalaki). The population of Ambrolauri Municipality was 10,405 at the start of 2021, which is a 7% decrease from the last census of 2014. According to

384-485: The east. This mass of rock was removed as the range was actively undergoing uplift. The removal of such a mass from the core of the range most likely caused further uplift as the region adjusted isostatically in response to the removed weight. Rivers are traditionally believed to be the principal cause of mountain range erosion, by cutting into bedrock and transporting sediment. Computer simulation has shown that as mountain belts change from tectonically active to inactive,

408-524: The mountainous character the agricultural land only occupies 240 km (21%) of the sparsely populated municipal territory. The municipality contains rich resources of arsenic and gypsum . The municipality was created as a raion in 1930. Until then, its territory was part of Racha Uyezd in Kutaisi Governorate and between 1928 and 1930 of the short-lived Racha-Lechkhumi Uyezd when it became an independent district (raion). In 1951–1953, it

432-587: The municipality with central Georgia via Tkibuli and the Ambrolauri Airport offers flights to Natakhtari Airfield , servicing the Tbilisi area. Since 1887, the nearest train station is in Tkibuli, the terminus of the railway line from Kutaisi. 42°31′18″N 43°08′54″E  /  42.5217°N 43.1483°E  / 42.5217; 43.1483 Greater Caucasus The Greater Caucasus

456-563: The name of the village near Ambrolauri city. It is the only area in Georgia where this wine is allowed to be made. The municipality of Ambrolauri is well connected to the rest of Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti as well as to the rest of Georgia. Through the municipality passes the national route Sh16 ( Kutaisi - Ambrolauri Oni - Mamison Pass ) which follows the Rioni River upstream from Kutaisi and ends via Ambrolauri and Oni at

480-627: The rate of erosion drops because there are fewer abrasive particles in the water and fewer landslides. Mountains on other planets and natural satellites of the Solar System, including the Moon , are often isolated and formed mainly by processes such as impacts, though there are examples of mountain ranges (or "Montes") somewhat similar to those on Earth. Saturn 's moon Titan and Pluto , in particular, exhibit large mountain ranges in chains composed mainly of ices rather than rock. Examples include

504-418: The watershed, and a narrow strip of territory in northwestern Kakheti and northern Mtskheta-Mtianeti where Georgia extends north of the watershed), while Azerbaijan is south of the watershed except that its northeastern corner has five districts north of the watershed ( Khachmaz , Quba , Qusar , Shabran , and Siazan ). Download coordinates as: Mountain range A mountain range or hill range

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528-543: The world, including Mount Everest , which is 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) high. Mountain ranges outside these two systems include the Arctic Cordillera , Appalachians , Great Dividing Range , East Siberians , Altais , Scandinavians , Qinling , Western Ghats , Vindhyas , Byrrangas , and the Annamite Range . If the definition of a mountain range is stretched to include underwater mountains, then

552-539: Was a part of the Kutaisi Okrug . With the creation of administrative regions in 1995, Ambrolauri became part of Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo. In 2006 the raion was transformed into a municipality. Between 2014 and 2017 the city of Ambrolauri , like six others, was separated from the municipality and was a so-called "self-governed" city (or kalaki). In 2017 this decision was reverted and the city Ambrolauri, like six other cities, lost its self-governing status again when

576-455: Was held in October 2021 . Zviadi Mkheidze of Georgian Dream was elected mayor for a second term. Agriculture, especially viticulture - viniculture and animal husbandry , is the main activity of the population. The culture of fruit is developing in the mountainous zones. The main industries are wine factories and cheese factories. The Khvanchkara wine is a key product from Ambrolauri, given

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