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82-533: The American Chemical Society ( ACS ) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry . Founded in 1876 at New York University , the ACS currently has more than 155,000 members at all degree levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical engineering , and related fields. It is one of the world's largest scientific societies by membership. The ACS

164-498: A German court refused to award monetary compensation to the ACS and Elsevier ; against Sci-Hub , which resulted in a non-enforceable judgement. The ACS was also found guilty in several lawsuits brought against the Society by its employees. Scientific society Most learned societies are non-profit organizations , and many are professional associations . Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for

246-527: A cellphone, limited to ten copies, and containing more than 400 diamonds, totaling more than 20 carats (4.0 g). Each cellphone cost more than 100 million yen ( £ 781,824). Also in 2009, the company launched their Tiffany Keys collection. In early July 2013, former Tiffany & Co. vice president Ingrid Lederhaas-Okun was arrested and charged with stealing and re-selling more than $ 1.3 million of diamond bracelets, drop earrings, and other jewelry. Lederhaas-Okun quickly pleaded guilty to theft and

328-635: A debate between some research funders (including the federal government), which argued that research they funded should be presented freely to the public, and some publishers (including the ACS), which argued that the costs of peer-review and publishing justified their subscription prices. In 2006, Congress debated legislation that would have instructed the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to require all investigators it funded to submit copies of final, peer-reviewed journal articles to PubMed Central ,

410-606: A free-access digital repository it operates, within 12 months of publication. At the time the American Association of Publishers (of which ACS is a member) hired a public relations firm to counter the open access movement . In spite of publishers' opposition, the PubMed Central legislation was passed in December 2007 and became effective in 2008. As the open access issue has continued to evolve, so too has

492-625: A group of American chemists gathered at the Joseph Priestley House to mark the 100th anniversary of Priestley's discovery of oxygen . Although there was an American scientific society at that time (the American Association for the Advancement of Science , founded in 1848), the growth of chemistry in the U.S. prompted those assembled to consider founding a new society that would focus more directly on theoretical and applied chemistry. Two years later, on April 6, 1876, during

574-527: A hallmark of his style, creating pieces that shimmered with light and color, adding depth and vibrancy. These materials were key elements in creating unique jewelry that enhanced Tiffany & Co.'s reputation during the Art Nouveau period. In 1905, the Manhattan flagship store was relocated to the corner of 37th Street and Fifth Avenue, where it would remain for 35 years. In 1919, the company made

656-762: A meeting of chemists at the University of the City of New York (now New York University ) the American Chemical Society was founded. The society received its charter of incorporation from the State of New York in 1877. Charles F. Chandler , a professor of chemistry at Columbia University who was instrumental in organizing the society said that such a body would "prove a powerful and healthy stimulus to original research, ... would awaken and develop much talent now wasting in isolation, ... [bring] members of

738-445: A new constitution aimed at nationalizing the organization in 1890. In 1905, the American Chemical Society moved from New York City to Washington, D.C. ACS was reincorporated under a congressional charter in 1937. It was granted by the U.S. Congress and signed by president Franklin D. Roosevelt . ACS's headquarters moved to its current location in downtown Washington in 1941. ACS first established technical divisions in 1908 to foster

820-496: A particular subject or discipline, provided they pay their membership fees. Older and more academic/professional societies may offer associateships and/or fellowships to fellows who are appropriately qualified by honoris causa , or by submission of a portfolio of work or an original thesis. A benefit of membership may be discounts on the subscription rates for the publications of the society. Many of these societies award post-nominal letters to their memberships. The membership at

902-503: A restriction on the number of records that can be exported. None of the competing products, such as Web of Science (owned by Clarivate ), Scopus (owned by Elsevier ) and The Lens (owned by Cambia ) has similar restrictions. The ACS has been involved in numerous lawsuits regarding access to its databases, trademark rights, and copyrighted material. In many of these cases, the ACS lost or ended up with an unenforceable judgement. These include: Dialog v. American Chemical Society ,

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984-848: A revision to the Medal of Honor on behalf of the United States Department of the Navy . This " Tiffany Cross " version was rare because it was awarded only for combat, using the previous design for non-combat awards. In 1942, the Navy established the Tiffany version for non -combat heroism as well but, in August 1942, the Navy subsequently eliminated the Tiffany Cross and the two-medal system. The company moved its flagship store to its present-day 727 Fifth Avenue building in 1940;

1066-427: A suit claiming antitrust violations in access to ACS databases, settled out of court in 1993; American Chemical Society v. Google , a suit claiming trademark violation, settled out of court in 2006; American Chemical Society v. Leadscope , a suit alleging stolen trade secrets, concluded in 2012 with ACS losing its trade secrets claim and Leadscope losing its counterclaim of defamation; against ResearchGate , where

1148-466: A toll-free number specifically set up to target the broader population. However, to maintain its image as a luxury goods company, high-style images remained on display in Tiffany stores. On September 4, 1994, a jewelry heist occurred at the store in New York City, in which six men stole $ 1.9 million of jewelry. During the incident, no shots were fired and no vandalism occurred. Two weeks after

1230-732: Is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code . Its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C., and it has a large concentration of staff in Columbus, Ohio . The ACS is a leading source of scientific information through its peer-reviewed scientific journals, national conferences, and the Chemical Abstracts Service . Its publications division produces over 80 scholarly journals including

1312-576: Is an open access chemical database developed by the NIH's National Center for Biotechnology Information . The ACS raised concerns that the publicly supported PubChem database would duplicate and unfairly compete with their existing fee-based Chemical Abstracts Service and argued that the database should only present data created by the Molecular Libraries Screening Center initiative of the NIH. The ACS lobbied members of

1394-463: Is an American luxury jewelry and specialty design house headquartered on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan . Tiffany is known for its luxury goods, particularly its sterling silver and diamond jewelry. These goods are sold at Tiffany stores, online, and through corporate merchandising. Its name and branding are licensed to Coty for fragrances and to Luxottica for eyewear . Tiffany & Co.

1476-454: Is exploring opportunities in Africa. The company's product line features fine jewelry, sterling silver, watches, porcelain , crystal, stationery, haute couture fragrance and personal accessories, and leather goods. On January 7, 2021, French conglomerate LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton acquired a majority stake in Tiffany & Co. for US$ 15.8 billion and delisted Tiffany's stock from

1558-817: Is located on Collins Street in Melbourne , first established in 1996. Tiffany has since opened a further eight stores in Australia, located in Melbourne, Sydney , Brisbane , Perth , Adelaide and the Gold Coast . On March 8, 2001, Tiffany launched its first Latin American store in São Paulo , Brazil , located in the Iguatemi São Paulo shopping center . The company opened a second store in

1640-660: Is on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . When it opened in 1990, the Tiffany & Co. store at Fairfax Square in Tysons Corner, Virginia , became the largest outside of New York City, with 14,500 sq ft (1,350 m ) of retail space. In France, Tiffany stores are located in Rue de la Paix and the Avenue des Champs Elysées (the largest European store ) in Paris . In Australia , Tiffany's flagship store

1722-494: Is the largest division of the Society. It marked its 100th anniversary in 2008. The first Chair of the Division was Edward Curtis Franklin . The Organic Division played a part in establishing Organic Syntheses , Inc. and Organic Reactions , Inc. and it maintains close ties to both organizations. The Division's best known activities include organizing symposia (talks and poster sessions) at the biannual ACS National Meetings, for

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1804-467: Is well known for its window displays, and the store has been the location for a number of films, including Breakfast at Tiffany's , starring Audrey Hepburn , and Sweet Home Alabama , starring Reese Witherspoon . Beginning in 2019, the store underwent an extensive renovation, concluding in 2023 and reopening to the public on April 27. The project was designed by American architect Peter Marino . The former Tiffany and Company Building on 37th Street

1886-673: The American Association for the Advancement of Science , specific to a given discipline, such as the Modern Language Association , or specific to a given area of study, such as the Royal Entomological Society . Most are either specific to a particular country (e.g. the Entomological Society of Israel ), though they generally include some members from other countries as well, often with local branches, or are international, such as

1968-818: The French Crown Jewels , which attracted publicity and further solidified the Tiffany brand's association with high-quality diamonds. The company revised the Great Seal of the United States in 1885. In 1902, after the death of Charles Lewis Tiffany , his son, Louis Comfort Tiffany , became the company's first official design director. Renowned for his innovations in stained glass, Louis Comfort Tiffany also made significant contributions to Art Nouveau jewelry. His pioneering work with iridescent glass, opals, and enamel introduced new techniques in jewelry design, blending organic forms with vibrant colors. Tiffany’s innovative use of glass, enamel, and opals became

2050-969: The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions or the Regional Studies Association , in which case they often have national branches. But many are local, such as the Massachusetts Medical Society , the publishers of the internationally known The New England Journal of Medicine . Some learned societies (such as the Royal Society Te Apārangi ) have been rechartered by legislation to form quasi-autonomous non-governmental organizations . Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honor conferred by election. Some societies offer membership to those who have an interest in

2132-710: The New York Stock Exchange . It remains headquartered in New York City . Tiffany & Co. was founded in 1837 by Charles Lewis Tiffany and John B. Young, in New York City, as a "stationery and fancy goods emporium", with the help of Charles Tiffany's father, who financed the store for only $ 1,000 with profits from a cotton mill. The store initially sold a wide variety of stationery items and, as of 1837, operated as "Tiffany, Young and Ellis" at 259 Broadway in Lower Manhattan . The name

2214-611: The United States Congress to rein in PubChem and hired outside lobbying firms to try to persuade congressional members, the NIH, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) against establishing a publicly funded database. The ACS was unsuccessful, and as of 2012 PubChem is the world's largest free chemical database. The ACS is also the only provider of a major scientific publication database ( SciFinder ) that imposes

2296-1161: The World Association in Economics is free of cost. Following the globalization and the development of information technology, certain scholarly societies—such as the Modern Language Association—have created virtual communities for their members. In addition to established academic associations, academic virtual communities have been so organized that, in some cases, they have become more important platforms for interaction and scientific collaborations among researchers and faculty than have traditional scholarly societies. Members of these online academic communities, grouped by areas of interests, use for their communication shared and dedicated listservs (for example JISCMail ), social networking services (like Facebook or LinkedIn ) and academic oriented social networks (like Humanities Commons, ResearchGate , Mendeley or Academia.edu ). Tiffany %26 Co. Tiffany & Co. (colloquially known as Tiffany's )

2378-495: The chemical sciences , co-owned, and collaboratively managed by the American Chemical Society (ACS), German Chemical Society (GDCh) , Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) , the chemistry community, other societies, funders, and non-profits; open for submissions and available for all readers at ChemRxiv. In debates about free access to scientific information, the ACS has been described as "in an interesting dilemma, with some of its representatives pushing for open access and others hating

2460-488: The phase rule . The Georgia Local Section of ACS has awarded the Herty Medal since 1933 recognizing outstanding chemists who have significantly contributed to their chosen fields. All chemists in academic, government, or industrial laboratories who have been residing in the southeastern United States for at least 10 years are eligible. The New York Section of ACS also gives Leadership Awards. The Leadership Awards are

2542-481: The sociology of science argue that learned societies are of key importance and their formation assists in the emergence and development of new disciplines or professions. In the form of professional associations, they can assist in the creation of pathways to leadership. The World Association in Economics provides help to the members of the WAE on the following issues: Societies can be very general in nature, such as

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2624-605: The "Blue Book", was published in 1845 in the United States (U.S.), and publishing of the catalog continues in the 21st century. In 1862, Tiffany supplied the Union Army with swords ( Model 1840 Cavalry Saber ), flags and surgical implements. In 1867, Tiffany was the first U.S. firm to win an award for excellence in silverware at the Exposition Universelle in Paris. In 1868, Tiffany was incorporated. In 1870,

2706-431: The $ 25 yearly dues. Any university may start its own ACS Student Chapter and receive benefits of undergraduate participation in regional conferences and discounts on ACS publications. The American Chemical Society administers 64 national awards, medals and prizes based on scientific contributions at various career levels that promote achievement across the chemical sciences. The ACS national awards program began in 1922 with

2788-423: The ACS launched a series of 9 open access journals under the name ACS Au (chemical symbol for gold) which include ACS Bio & Med Chem Au , ACS Engineering Au , ACS Environmental Au , ACS Materials Au , ACS Measurement Science Au , ACS Nanoscience Au , ACS Organic & Inorganic Au , ACS Physical Chem Au and ACS Polymers Au . In 2005, the ACS was criticized for opposing the creation of PubChem , which

2870-605: The ACS's position. In response to a 2013 White House Office of Science and Technology Policy directive that instructed federal agencies to provide greater access to federally funded research, the ACS joined other scholarly publishers in establishing the Clearinghouse for the Open Research of the United States (Chorus) to allow free access to published articles. The ACS has also introduced several open access publishing options for its journals, including providing authors

2952-499: The American Chemical Society in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. International Chemical Sciences Chapters allow ACS members outside of the U.S. to organize locally for professional and scientific exchange. There are currently 24 International Chemical Sciences Chapters. ACS states that it offers teacher training to support the professional development of science teachers so they can better present chemistry in

3034-401: The American Chemical Society. They elect their own officers and select representatives to the national ACS organization. Local sections also provide professional development opportunities for members, organize community outreach events, offer awards, and conduct other business. The Rhode Island Section was the first local section of ACS, organized in 1891. There are currently 186 local sections of

3116-651: The E. Ann Nalley Regional Award for Volunteer Service to the American Chemical Society, Regional Awards for Excellence in High School Teaching, and the Stanley C. Israel Regional Award for Advancing Diversity in the Chemical Sciences. ACS Publications is the publishing division of the ACS. It is a nonprofit academic publisher of scientific journals covering various fields of chemistry and related sciences. As of 2021, ACS Publications published

3198-801: The U.S. at the time, commissioned Tiffany to design a White House china -service that featured 90 flowers. In November 1978, Tiffany & Co. was sold to Avon Products, Inc for about US$ 104 million in stock. However, in a 1984 Newsweek article, the Fifth Avenue Tiffany store was likened to the Macy's department store during a white sale , due to the high number of inexpensive items on sale; furthermore, customers complained about declining quality and service. In August 1984, Avon sold Tiffany to an investor group led by William R. Chaney for $ 135.5 million in cash. Tiffany went public again in 1987 and raised about $ 103.5 million from

3280-720: The United States and outside the United States as well. These student chapters mainly focus on volunteering opportunities, career development, and the discussion of student and faculty research. The organization also publishes textbooks, administers several national chemistry awards, provides grants for scientific research, and supports various educational and outreach activities. The ACS has been criticized for predatory pricing of its products ( SciFinder , journals and other publications), for opposing open access publishing, as well as for initiating numerous copyright enforcement litigations despite its non-profit status and its chartered commitment to dissemination of chemical information. In 1874,

3362-583: The acquisition of the Universal Oil Products laboratory by a consortium of oil companies in 1931. The companies established a trust fund, The Petroleum Research Fund, in 1944 to prevent antitrust litigation tied to their UOP assets. The ACS was named the beneficiary of the trust. The first grants from the PRF were awarded in 1954. In 2000, the trust was transferred to the ACS. The ACS established The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund and

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3444-419: The association into closer union, and ensure a better appreciation of our science and its students on the part of the general public." Although Chandler was a likely choice to become the society's first president because of his role in organizing the society, New York University chemistry professor John William Draper was elected as the first president of the society because of his national reputation. Draper

3526-515: The building was designed by Cross & Cross . In 1956, legendary designer Jean Schlumberger joined Tiffany, and Andy Warhol collaborated with the company to create Tiffany holiday cards (circa 1956–1962). Schlumberger's designs, such as the Bird on a Rock brooch, became synonymous with the company's post-war jewelry innovations. His ability to blend nature and fantasy in high jewelry remains iconic today. In 1968, Lady Bird Johnson , First Lady of

3608-604: The campaigns have been celebrated with a yearly theme, such as "Chemistry Colors Our World" (2015) and "Energy: Now and Forever!" (2013). The Green Chemistry Institute (GCI) supports the "implementation of green chemistry and engineering throughout the global chemistry enterprise." The GCI organizes an annual conference, the Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference, provides research grants, administers awards, and provides information and support for green chemistry practices to educators, researchers, and industry. The GCI

3690-494: The city on October 20, 2003, near the famous Oscar Freire Street . In 2004, Tiffany created "Iridesse", a chain of stores dedicated to pearl-only jewelry. The company operated 16 stores in Florida , New Jersey , New York , Pennsylvania , California , Illinois , Massachusetts , and Virginia . However, the chain operated at a loss since its founding and the company announced in early 2009 that, despite its continued belief in

3772-590: The classroom, foster the scientific curiosity of our nation's youth and encourage future generations to pursue scientific careers. As of 2009, Clifford and Kathryn Hach donated $ 33 million to ACS, to continue the work of the Hach Scientific Foundation in supporting high school chemistry teaching. The Society sponsors the United States National Chemistry Olympiad (USNCO), a contest used to select

3854-549: The company built a new store building at 15 Union Square West , Manhattan, which was designed by John Kellum and cost US$ 500,000. It was described by The New York Times as a "palace of jewels." Tiffany stayed at this site until 1906. In 1877, an insignia that would become the New York Yankees "NY" logo was struck on a police medal of honor by Tiffany; the Yankees adopted the logo in 1909. In 1878, Tiffany won

3936-653: The company debuted a new proprietary engagement ring design called the Tiffany True. In August 2019, Tiffany launched their first men's jewelry collection in October of the same year. The line was developed by Reed Krakoff. In October 2019, Tiffany opened a new brand exhibition in Shanghai , China called "Vision & Virtuosity". Tiffany opened its first store in New Delhi , India on 3 February 2020. After

4018-502: The company's new chief artistic officer. Although Krakoff had had no previous experience with jewellery design, his previous success with Coach and "deep understanding of iconic American design" led to his appointment, with the hopes that Krakoff would be able to refresh the image of the brand. In April 2017, the company launched their Tiffany HardWear collection. In July 2017, it was announced that Bulgari veteran Alessandro Bogliolo would be taking over as CEO. Under his leadership, it

4100-751: The concept, it would discontinue Iridesse due to the Great Recession . As of 2018, Tiffany operated 93 stores in the US and 321 stores worldwide, including (as of 31 January 2017) 55 locations in Japan and 85 in the Asia-Pacific region. Net sales in 2018 totaled US$ 4.44 billion. In December 2023, Tiffany opened a store in Shanghai Taikoo Li Qiantan, with the facade designed by MVRDV . This opening followed earlier work between

4182-589: The deal because Tiffany was paying millions in dividends to shareholders despite financial losses during the COVID-19 pandemic . Some US$ 70 million had already been paid by Tiffany, with an additional US$ 70 million to be paid in November 2020. LVMH filed a counterclaim against Tiffany for its mismanagement during the pandemic. The case was set aside after LVMH agreed to purchase Tiffany at a reduced price of almost $ 16 billion in October 2020. The $ 15.8 billion deal

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4264-543: The establishment of the Priestley Medal , the highest award offered by the ACS, which is given for distinguished services to chemistry. The 2019 recipient of the Priestley Medal is K. Barry Sharpless . Additional awards are offered by divisions, local sections and other bodies of ACS. The William H. Nichols Medal Award was the first ACS award to honor outstanding researchers in the field of chemistry. It

4346-497: The exam. The ACS also approves certified undergraduate programs in chemistry. A student who completes the required laboratory and course work—sometimes in excess of what a particular college may require for its Bachelor's degree —is considered by the Society to be well trained for professional work. The ACS coordinates two annual public awareness campaigns, National Chemistry Week and Chemists Celebrate Earth Week, as part of its educational outreach. Since 1978 and 2003 respectively,

4428-557: The exchange of information among scientists who work in particular fields of chemistry or professional interests. Divisional activities include organizing technical sessions at ACS meetings, publishing books and resources, administering awards and lectureships, and conducting other events. The original five divisions were 1) organic chemistry, 2) industrial chemists and chemical engineers, 3) agricultural and food chemistry, 4) fertilizer chemistry, and 5) physical and inorganic chemistry. As of 2016, there are 32 technical divisions of ACS. This

4510-509: The first catalogs printed in full color, remained free until 1972. Tiffany's mail-order catalogs reached 15 million people in 1994. Tiffany also produces a corporate-gift catalog each year, and corporate customers purchase Tiffany products for business gift-giving, employee-service and achievement-recognition awards, and for customer incentives. As of 2013 Tiffany still produces a catalog for subscribers, but its advertisement strategy no longer focuses primarily on its catalog. In addition to

4592-418: The following peer-reviewed journals: In addition to academic journals, ACS Publications also publishes Chemical & Engineering News , a weekly trade magazine covering news in the chemical profession, inChemistry , a magazine for undergraduate students, and ChemMatters , a magazine for high school students and teachers. ACS also created ChemRxiv , which is an open access preprint repository for

4674-505: The four-member team that represents the United States at the International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO). The ACS Division of Chemical Education provides standardized tests for various subfields of chemistry. The two most commonly used tests are the undergraduate-level tests for general and organic chemistry. Each of these tests consists of 70 multiple-choice questions, and gives students 110 minutes to complete

4756-536: The gold medal for jewelry and a grand prize for silverware at the Paris Exposition. In 1879, Tiffany purchased one of the world's largest yellow diamonds which became known as the Tiffany Diamond . The Tiffany Diamond has only been worn by four people, one of whom was Audrey Hepburn for the promotion of Breakfast at Tiffany's . In 1887, Tiffany bought a number of pieces at the auction of part of

4838-598: The highest honors given by the Chemical Marketing and Economic Group of ACS NY since December 6, 2012. They are presented to leaders of industry, investments, and other sectors, for their contributions to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) initiatives. Honorees include Andrew N. Liveris (Dow Chemical), P. Roy Vagelos (Regeneron, Merck), Thomas M. Connelly (DuPont) and Juan Pablo del Valle (Mexichem). The ACS also administers regional awards presented annually at regional meetings. This includes

4920-508: The international meeting called Pacifichem and it organizes the biennial National Organic Chemistry Symposium (NOS) which highlights recent advances in organic chemistry and hosts the Roger Adams Award address. The Division also organizes corporate sponsorships to provide fellowships for PhD students and undergraduates. It also organizes the Graduate Research Symposium and manages award and travel grant programs for undergraduates. Local sections were authorized in 1890 and are autonomous units of

5002-405: The latter was making profits from the sale of counterfeit Tiffany products; however, Tiffany lost both at trial and on appeal . Tiffany & Co. established their subsidiary Laurelton Diamonds in 2002 to manage Tiffany's worldwide diamond supply chain. In 2009, a collaboration between the Japanese mobile-phone operator SoftBank and Tiffany & Co. was announced. The two companies designed

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5084-492: The mail-order catalog, Tiffany displays its advertisements in many locations, including at bus stops, in magazines and newspapers, and online. With the advent of new technologies, Tiffany placed banner advertisements in the New York Times' mobile app for the iPhone , whereby the user can download the Tiffany app. In January 2015, Tiffany launched its first ever same-sex couple campaign. In 2017, Tiffany partnered with American pop star Lady Gaga for an ad campaign promoting

5166-466: The option to pay an upfront fee to enable free online access to their articles. In 2015, the ACS launched the first fully open access journal in the society's history, ACS Central Science . The ACS states that the journal offers the same peer-review standards as its subscription journals, but without publishing charges to either authors or readers. A second open access title, ACS Omega , an interdisciplinary mega journal , launched in 2016. In December 2020,

5248-715: The presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership. Some of the oldest learned societies are the Académie des Jeux floraux (founded 1323), Sodalitas Litterarum Vistulana (founded 1488), Accademia della Crusca (founded 1583), Accademia dei Lincei (founded 1603), Académie Française (founded 1635), German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (founded 1652), Royal Society (founded 1660) and French Academy of Sciences (founded 1666). Scholars in

5330-512: The prestigious Journal of the American Chemical Society , as well as the weekly trade magazine Chemical & Engineering News . The ACS holds national meetings twice a year covering the complete field of chemistry and also holds smaller conferences concentrating on specific chemical fields or geographic regions. The primary source of income of the ACS is the Chemical Abstracts Service , a provider of chemical databases worldwide. The ACS has student chapters in virtually every major university in

5412-581: The previous trust was dissolved. The PRF trust was valued at $ 144.7 million in December 2014. The ACS International Activities is the birthplace of the ACS International Center, an online resource for scientists and engineers looking to study abroad or explore an international career or internship. The site houses information on hundreds of scholarships and grants related to all levels of experience to promote scientific mobility of researchers and practitioners in STEM fields. The Society grants membership to undergraduates as student members provided they can pay

5494-461: The purpose of recognizing promising Assistant Professors, talented young researchers, outstanding technical contributions from junior-level chemists, in the field of organic chemistry . The symposia also honor national award winners, including the Arthur C. Cope Award , Cope Scholar Award, James Flack Norris Award in Physical Organic Chemistry, Herbert C. Brown Award for Creative Research in Synthetic Methods. The Division helps to organize symposia at

5576-446: The robbery, the six men were arrested and the jewelry was recovered. Tiffany & Co. trademarked their signature Tiffany Blue color in 1998. Three years later they partnered with Pantone to standardize the color as "1837 Blue". The Tiffany & Co. Foundation was established in 2000 to provide grants to nonprofit organizations working in the areas of the environment and the arts. In June 2004, Tiffany sued eBay , claiming that

5658-420: The sale of 4.5 million shares of common stock . Due to the 1990–1991 recession in the United States, Tiffany commenced an emphasis upon mass merchandising . A new campaign was launched that stressed how Tiffany could be affordable for all; for example, the company advertised that the price of diamond engagement rings started at $ 850. "How to Buy a Diamond" brochures were sent to 40,000 people, who called

5740-457: The sale of precious stones. There are suggestions that the company directs part of the profits to finance the Russian army. In November 2019, LVMH announced its purchase of Tiffany & Co for $ 16.2 billion, $ 135 per share. LVMH cancelled the pending purchase in September 2020, with Tiffany filing a lawsuit asking the court to compel the purchase or to assess damages against LVMH. The same month, Forbes reported that LVMH had cancelled

5822-411: The start of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the brand announced that it was stopping purchasing diamonds from Russia. However, it was later revealed that they continued to purchase through intermediaries, including the UAE. [1] Due to the weak US sanctions and the absence of EU sanctions on this export sector, the Russian company Alrosa , which is partially state-owned, continues to profit from

5904-454: The two companies at Singapore's Changi Airport for which MVRDV created a 3-D printed facade using recycled ocean plastic. In April 2024, Tiffany & Co. opened their newest store at QueensPlaza in Brisbane . After the initial publication of the "Blue Book" Tiffany catalog in 1845, Tiffany continued to use its catalog as part of its advertisement strategy. The Tiffany catalog, one of

5986-448: The very thought." The ACS has generally opposed legislation that would mandate free access to scientific journal articles and chemical information. However it has recently launched new open access journals and provided authors with open access publishing options. Nevertheless, the actual percentage of open-access publications in ACS journals is the lowest among the 8 major scientific journal publishers (see figure below): The mid-2000s saw

6068-443: Was a photochemist and pioneering photographer who had produced one of the first photographic portraits in 1840. Chandler would later serve as president in 1881 and 1889. In the ACS logo, originally designed in the early 20th century by Tiffany's Jewelers and used since 1909, a stylized symbol of a kaliapparat is used. The Journal of the American Chemical Society was founded in 1879 to publish original chemical research. It

6150-552: Was approved by shareholders in December 2020. Tiffany was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange when the deal closed in January 2021. After LVMH's acquisition, several of Tiffany's senior leaders were replaced with executives from other sectors of LVMH. Alexandre Arnault was given the role of executive vice president. Since 1940, Tiffany's flagship store has operated at the corner of Fifth Avenue and 57th Street in Manhattan , New York City. The polished granite exterior

6232-761: Was established in 1903 by the ACS New York Section and is named for William H. Nichols , an American chemist and businessman and one of the original founders of ACS. Of the over 100 Nichols Medalists, 16 have subsequently been awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry . The Willard Gibbs Award , granted by the ACS Chicago Section, was established in 1910 in honor of Josiah Willard Gibbs , the Yale University professor who formulated

6314-476: Was founded in 1837 by the jeweler Charles Lewis Tiffany and became famous in the early 20th century under the artistic direction of his son Louis Comfort Tiffany . In 2018, net sales totaled US$ 4.44 billion. As of 2023 , Tiffany operated over 300 stores globally, in many countries including the United States, Japan, and Canada, as well as Europe, Latin America, and the collective Asia-Pacific region, and

6396-757: Was founded in 1997 as an independent non-profit organization, by chemists Joe Breen and Dennis Hjeresen in cooperation with the Environmental Protection Agency . In 2001, the GCI became a part of the American Chemical Society. [1] The Petroleum Research Fund (PRF) is an endowment fund administered by the ACS that supports advanced education and fundamental research in the petroleum and fossil fuel fields at non-profit institutions. Several categories of grants are offered for various career levels and institutions. The fund awarded more than $ 25 million in grants in 2007. The PRF traces its origins to

6478-741: Was hoped that Tiffany & Co. could turn around slumping sales and capture a younger audience. Tiffany & Co. opened the Blue Box Cafe in New York City in November 2017. Also in November 2017, the company launched their Home & Accessories line. In March 2018, the company opened the Jewelry Design and Innovation Workshop, a new 17,000-square-foot atelier . In May 2018, Tiffany launched their Paper Flowers Collection, designed by Reed Krakoff. In September 2018, Tiffany launched their Paper Flowers collection in Asia. That same month,

6560-501: Was later sentenced to one year in federal prison. The company's Francesca Amfitheatrof -designed Tiffany T collection debuted in 2014. In February 2017, the company announced that CEO Frédéric Cuménal was out of a job, effective immediately, after only 22 months, blaming weak sales results. He was replaced on an interim basis by the company's longtime former CEO, Michael Kowalski . Shortly before his abrupt departure, Cuménal had appointed former Coach designer Reed Krakoff as

6642-616: Was shortened to Tiffany & Company in 1853, when Charles Tiffany took control and established the firm's emphasis on jewelry. The company has since opened stores in major cities worldwide. Unlike other stores at the time in the 1830s, Tiffany clearly marked the prices on its goods to forestall any haggling over prices. In addition, against the social norm at the time, Tiffany only accepted cash payments, and did not allow purchases on credit. Such practices (fixed prices for ready money) had first been introduced in 1750 by Palmer's of London Bridge. The first Tiffany mail order catalog, known as

6724-527: Was the first journal published by ACS and is still the society's flagship peer-reviewed publication. In 1907, Chemical Abstracts was established as a separate journal (it previously appeared within JACS), which later became the Chemical Abstracts Service , a division of ACS that provides chemical information to researchers and others worldwide. Chemical & Engineering News is a weekly trade magazine that has been published by ACS since 1923. The society adopted

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