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57-711: Established by Samuel Eliot Morison and Walter Muir Whitehill , the Peabody Museum of Salem published the journal from 1941 to 1992. In 1992-93, it was jointly published by the Peabody and the Essex Museums, and from 1993 until 2002 by the successor organization, the Peabody Essex Museum . The journal was originally subtitled as "A Quarterly Journal of Maritime History" and later in 1995 added "and Arts". The American Neptune 's final issue

114-570: A Bachelor of Arts and Master's degree from Harvard in 1908. After studying at the École Libre des Sciences Politiques (1908–1909), Morison returned to Harvard. Morison originally intended to major in mathematics until Albert Bushnell Hart talked him into researching some papers of an ancestor stored in his wine cellar. His Harvard dissertation was the basis for his first book The Life and Letters of Harrison Gray Otis , Federalist, 1765–1848 (1913), which sold 700 copies. After earning his Ph.D. at Harvard, Morison became an instructor in history at

171-637: A Howard University trustee, Hart used his influence to secure Wesley a leave of absence so he could complete his doctorate. However, since Hart was on academic leave that semester, Channing served as Wesley's dissertation advisor. A proponent of U.S. participation in World War I, he was accused of espionage in December 1918, but the charges were determined to be the work of German propagandists trying to undermine his pro-British stance. In 1922, The Progressive Magazine referred to Hart as an Anglomaniac. In

228-413: A life of action and literary craftsmanship to lead two generations of Americans on countless voyages of discovery. Morison's later years were devoted to books on exploration, such as The Caribbean as Columbus Saw It, written jointly with Mauricio Obregón (1964), Spring Tides (1965), The European Discovery of America (1971–1974), and Samuel de Champlain : Father of New France (1972). His research for

285-586: A room in Widener Library . He maintained a summer home in New Hampshire near Mount Monadnock . Hart edited, along with Edward Channing, over the period from 1892 to 1895 a series of extracts from primary documents called the "American history leaflets; colonial and constitutional", which included titles such as "Extracts from the Sagas describing the voyages to Vinland", and "Documents illustrating

342-538: A stroke on May 15, 1976. His ashes are buried at Forest Hill Cemetery in Northeast Harbor, Maine . During his life Morison had received two Pulitzer Prizes , two Bancroft Prizes , the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ' Emerson-Thoreau Medal (1961), and numerous honorary degrees, military awards, and honors from foreign nations. On July 19, 1979, the frigate USS Samuel Eliot Morison

399-451: A year with rape (to which should be added 109 white men, or five a year, lynched for the same offense); while there are unquestioned cases of lynching of negroes for such crimes as slander, poisoning horses, throwing stones, being troublesome, and slapping a child. All arguments based upon the theory that the practice of lynching negroes is primarily due to rape absolutely disappear in the face of this statistical demonstration that two-thirds of

456-490: A young Southern white says: "You don't understand how we feel down here: when there is a row, we feel like killing a nigger whether he has done anything or not." These extraordinary remedies are not necessary if the white people of the South will make their own courts and sheriffs do their duty,…and disgrace and drive out of society men who take upon themselves the hangman's office. In his review of Lynch-Law: An Investigation into

513-545: Is noteworthy that Morison was the last professor to arrive there on horseback. He was chosen to speak at the 300th Anniversary celebration of Harvard in 1936 and a recording of his speech is included as part of the "Harvard Voices" collection. In 1938 Morison was elected as an honorary member of the Massachusetts Society of the Cincinnati . In 1940, Morison published Portuguese Voyages to America in

570-670: The American Political Science Association . Hart edited the American Year Book from 1911 to 1920 and from 1926 to 1932. He edited a five-volume history of Massachusetts in 1927–1930 and worked as the official historian of the George Washington bicentennial commission from 1926 to 1932. In 1909, he played an important role in enabling his former student, W. E. B. Du Bois , to deliver his paper "Reconstruction and Its Benefits" to

627-570: The Battle of Savo Island , a disastrous defeat for the US Navy during World War II, Morison partly blamed the defeat on the failure of an Australian aircrew to inform the Americans of the approaching Japanese forces. Morison appears to have based that story on inaccurate information that has since been refuted. On October 21, 2014, the US Navy issued a letter of apology to the last surviving member of

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684-577: The Pacific theater . Morison worked with a team of researchers to prepare the History of United States Naval Operations in World War II , published in 15 volumes between 1947 and 1962, documenting everything from strategy and tactics to technology and the exploits of individuals. British military historian Sir John Keegan called it the best to come out of that conflict. Issued as The Rising Sun in

741-840: The RAAF Hudson crew, which had sighted and duly reported the approach of the Japanese Naval Task Force. The letter states that "RAdm. Morison's criticism was unwarranted." Award ribbons Other honors Honorary degrees Literary prizes Memorial A statue of Morison sits on the Commonwealth Avenue Mall in Boston. On the base is engraved his advice to young writers: "Dream dreams and write them, aye, but live them first". Books by Morison (alphabetical): Albert Bushnell Hart Albert Bushnell Hart (July 1, 1854 – July 16, 1943)

798-768: The University of California, Berkeley in 1912. In 1915 he returned to Harvard and took a position as an instructor. During World War I he served as a private in the US Army. He also served as the American Delegate on the Baltic Commission of the Paris Peace Conference until June 17, 1919. In 1922–1925 Morison taught at Oxford University as the first Harmsworth Professor of American History. In 1925 he returned to Harvard, where he

855-498: The 'Old Colony' of New Plymouth, 1620–1692 (1956), Nathaniel Holmes Morison (1957), William Hickling Prescott (1958), Strategy and Compromise (1958), and John Paul Jones: A Sailor's Biography (1959), which earned Morison his second Pulitzer Prize. In the early 1960s, Morison's focus returned to his New England youth, writing The Story of Mount Desert Island, Maine (1960), One Boy's Boston, 1887–1901 (1962), Introduction to Whaler Out of New Bedford (1962), and A History of

912-564: The 147 foot ketch Capitana for the Azores and Lisbon, Portugal from which they sailed on the 45 foot ketch Mary Otis to retrace Columbus' route using manuscripts and records of his voyages reaching Trinidad by way of Cadiz , Madeira , and the Canary Islands . After following the coast of South and Central America the expedition returned to Trinidad on 15 December 1939. The expedition returned to New York on 2 February 1940 aboard

969-645: The 1660s from the English village of East Coker . The most famous of this Andrew Eliot's direct descendants was poet T.S. Eliot , who titled the second of his Four Quartets " East Coker ". Morison attended Noble and Greenough School (1897–1901) and St. Paul's (1901–1903) prior to entering Harvard University , where he was a member of the Phoenix S K Club . At the age of fourteen, he learned to sail, and soon after learned horsemanship—both skills would serve him well in his later historical writings. He earned both

1026-426: The 2,585 persons lynched in the South 1,985 were negroes; and we are all perfectly familiar with the statement, repeated by Southern writers and doubtless believed, that practically all these lynchings are for rape, for which it is supposed no legal penalty is sufficiently terrible and sufficiently drastic. As a matter of fact, out of the 1,985 negroes lynched, 783 were charged with murder, 707 or an average of thirty-two

1083-701: The AHA in New York. This essay was elaborated as the book Black Reconstruction in America in 1935 and proved to be a seminal work in moving historical discussion of the Reconstruction period away from the views of the Dunning School . He served as a trustee of Howard University . Though a believer in the racial inferiority of African Americans, he nevertheless opposed plans to deny black students places in

1140-693: The Constitution of Massachusetts (1963). In 1963, The Two-Ocean War was published, a one-volume abridged history of the United States Navy in World War II. In 1964, Morison received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Lyndon B. Johnson . In presenting the distinguished historian with the highest civilian award in the United States, Johnson noted: Scholar and sailor, this amphibious historian has combined

1197-787: The Fifteenth Century , a book that presaged his succeeding publications on the explorer, Christopher Columbus . In 1941, Morison was named Jonathan Trumbull Professor of American History at Harvard. For Admiral of the Ocean Sea (1942), Morison combined his personal interest in sailing with his scholarship by actually sailing to the various places that Columbus explored. The Harvard Columbus Expedition, led by Morison and including his wife and Captain John W. McElroy, Herbert F. Hossmer, Jr., Richard S. Colley, Dr. Clifton W. Anderson, Kenneth R. Spear and Richard Spear, left on 28 August 1939 aboard

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1254-612: The Freshman Halls at Harvard in the years following World War I . Aside from being the advisor for Du Bois' doctoral dissertation, Hart was also the advisor (along with Edward Channing) for Carter G. Woodson 's dissertation. Hart was also the initial doctoral advisor for another African-American historian, Charles H. Wesley , and arranged for Wesley to receive the same Austin Scholar Graduate Fellowship that Du Bois had received thirty years earlier; and as

1311-547: The History of Lynching in the United States by James Elbert Cutler (1905) published in the American Historical Review , Hart takes on the myth that African Americans were lynched because they were rapists, an accusation that did not hold up to statistical scrutiny: An examination into the causes for lynching is much more suggestive and throws a new light upon the relation of lynching to race hostility. Of

1368-661: The Pacific in 1948, Volume 3 won the Bancroft Prize in 1949. Morison was promoted to the rank of captain on December 15, 1945. On August 1, 1951, he was transferred to the Honorary Retired List of the Naval Reserve and was promoted to rear admiral on the basis of combat awards. In History as a Literary Art: An Appeal to Young Historians (1946), Morison argued that vivid writing springs from

1425-656: The RMA Executive Committee that Hart could not finish the project "because of his advanced years." It appeared in 1941 as The Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia , edited by Albert Bushnell Hart and Herbert Ronald Ferleger. "'Good wine needs no bush', and if there were need to urge the reading of history it would be proof that history is too dull and unattractive to be read." ("How to Study History", in Studies in American Education , 1895) "For all

1482-515: The Roosevelt Memorial Association delayed appropriations for the cyclopedia, because the expense was "so great," and it was not until May 1928 that a budget was approved for the cyclopedia, although the project had been publicly announced years before. Finally in 1931, Hart presented a rough draft of the cyclopedia to Hagedorn. But the book needed much more work and the elderly Hart "began to decline" and Hagedorn reported to

1539-470: The Seventeenth Century (1936), Three Centuries of Harvard: 1636–1936 (1936), and The Puritan Pronaos (1936). In later years, he returned to the subject of New England history, writing The Ropemakers of Plymouth (1950) and The Story of the 'Old Colony' of New Plymouth (1956) and editing the definitive work, Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620–1647 (1952). Returning to Harvard in 1925, it

1596-723: The US Navy. In 1985, the Society for Military History established the Samuel Eliot Morison Prize , recognizing an author's body of contributions in the field of military history. Morison was criticized by some African-American scholars for his treatment of American slavery in early editions of his book The Growth of the American Republic , which he co-wrote with Henry Steele Commager and later with Commager's student William E. Leuchtenburg . The book originated as Morison's two-volume Oxford History of

1653-612: The United Fruit liner Veragua . The book was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1943. In 1942, Morison met with his friend President Franklin D. Roosevelt and offered to write a history of United States Navy operations during the war from an insider's perspective by taking part in operations and documenting them. The President and Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox agreed to the proposal. On May 5, 1942, Morison

1710-466: The United States (Oxford University Press, 1927). First published in 1930, the first two editions of the textbook, according to these critics, echoed the thesis of American Negro Slavery (1918) by Ulrich Bonnell Phillips . This view, sometimes called the Phillips school of slavery historiography, was considered an authoritative interpretation of the history of American slavery during the first half of

1767-761: The United States, including two Pulitzer Prizes , two Bancroft Prizes , the Balzan Prize , the Legion of Merit , and the Presidential Medal of Freedom . Samuel Eliot Morison was born July 9, 1887, in Boston, Massachusetts , to John Holmes Morison (1856–1911) and Emily Marshall (Eliot) Morison (1857–1925). He was named for his maternal grandfather Samuel Eliot —a historian, educator, and public-minded citizen of Boston and Hartford, Connecticut . The Eliot family , which produced generations of prominent American intellectuals, descended from Andrew Eliot, who moved to Boston in

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1824-817: The college attempted to recover as many as possible. In December 1900, the New York World reported on Hart making a remark before the American Historical Association in Detroit to the effect that "if the people of certain States are determined to burn colored men at the stake, those States would better legalize the practice". In a similar vein he suggested in an article in the North American Review that "Perhaps something might be accomplished by special courts set up on

1881-840: The fall of 1915, he served on the Mooseheart Governing Board, and remained in that role through 1928. The 1928 edition of Seniors' Book is dedicated in his honor. A discussion arose in 1923 as to the "Americanism" of his history textbooks Epochs of American History and National Ideals Historically Traced . An investigating committee suggested the removal of his School History of the United States from New York City schools. Hart married Mary Putnam in 1889, and they adopted twin boys in 1897. He died on July 16, 1943. Although Hart had agreed that all of his papers would go to Harvard after his death, his papers were sold by his sons through book dealers in Newburyport, and

1938-610: The idea to "present in alphabetical arrangement extracts sufficiently numerous and comprehensive to display all the phases of Roosevelt's activities and opinions as expressed by him." This work would eventually be called the Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia . Hart wrote Herman Hagedorn of the Association: "What we are after is the crisp, sharp, biting sparks that flew from the Roosevelt brain." Hart told

1995-408: The latter book included sailing many of the routes taken by Champlain, and tracing others by airplane. Morison's first marriage to Elizabeth S. Greene produced four children—one of whom, Emily Morison Beck , became editor of Bartlett's Familiar Quotations . Elizabeth died August 20, 1945. In 1949, Morison married Baltimore widow Priscilla Barton. Priscilla died February 22, 1973. Morison died of

2052-469: The lynchings of negroes are for quite other and disconnected causes. Hart wrote the entry on "Lynching" in Cyclopedia of American Government (1914), where he referred to it as "not simply extra-legal but anti-legal. It assumes guilt in many cases where guilt cannot be proved and in some cases where it does not exist; it sometimes includes manifestly innocent persons, as the negro woman who was burned at

2109-475: The model of similar tribunals in slavery times, with power to deal with certain aggravated crimes outside the technicality of ordinary criminal law." Hart goes on in the same article to argue: Lynching is approved by most Southern whites, as is shown by the fact that nobody has ever been severely punished for taking part in a lynching; but it is the worst and most ineffective of remedies for race troubles. Lynchings frequently degenerate into mere orgies of blood. As

2166-713: The only course in American history that the college offered, despite the fact that Edward Channing , already an assistant in European history, wanted to teach the course himself. Hart served as instructor in history from 1883 to 1887, assistant professor from 1887 to 1897, and became a professor in 1897. In 1910 he was appointed Eaton Professor of the Science of Government. He was on the Harvard faculty for 43 years, retiring in 1926. In retirement he continued to write and edit from

2223-405: The racist nature of American culture in the 19th and the early 20th centuries, an era during which even the most enlightened progressive thinkers routinely explained many aspects of human behavior as a result of innate racial or ethnic characteristics. In the 1962 edition of the textbook, Morison removed additional content that his critics had found to be offensive. In his semi-official account of

2280-633: The ribbon cutter to open the USS Constitution Museum . "The Museum's research library and an annual award given by the Museum for scholarship in history are both named in his honor." The museum gives the annual Samuel Eliot Morison Award to a person whose public service has enhanced the image of the USS Constitution , and who reflects the best of Samuel Eliot Morison: artful scholarship, patriotic pride, and eclectic interest in

2337-719: The sea and things maritime. In 1976, the American Heritage magazine initiated an award named in honor of Morison called the Samuel Eliot Morison Award , honoring an American author whose work shows "that good history is literature as well as high scholarship." It lasted two years. Since 1982, the Naval Order of the United States gives an honor in Morison's name, the Samuel Eliot Morison Award for Naval Literature , for significant works about

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2394-516: The son of Joel Elias Spingarn , the second president of the NAACP), Morison reluctantly agreed to most of the demanded changes. Morison refused to eliminate references to slaves who were loyal and devoted to their masters because they were treated well and to some positive "civilizing" effects of the American system of slavery. Morison also refused to remove references to stereotypes of African Americans that he believed were vital in accurately depicting

2451-557: The stake by a mob because she had fled with her husband who had committed a crime." Hart was a devoted friend and follower of Theodore Roosevelt and was elected as a Roosevelt delegate to the Republican convention of 1912. He became an enthusiastic trustee and supporter of the Roosevelt Memorial Association, now called the Theodore Roosevelt Association and said that from the time of TR's death he had

2508-613: The survivors of the Harvard Class of 1880 that editing the cyclopedia "will be a very interesting and agreeable service to the memory of our great classmate." From the beginning, however, the project was plagued with problems simply because Hart was very busy with many other commitments. Hart had to postpone the cyclopedia, and he asked the Association for research and clerical staff, but the Executive Committee of

2565-557: The synergy of experience and research: American historians, in their eagerness to present facts and their laudable concern to tell the truth, have neglected the literary aspects of their craft. They have forgotten that there is an art of writing history. In 1955, Morison retired from Harvard University. He devoted the rest of his life to writing. In quick succession, Morison wrote Christopher Columbus, Mariner (1955), Freedom in Contemporary Society (1956), The Story of

2622-524: The territorial development of the United States, 1584–1774". Hart was an editor of the Harvard Graduates' Magazine from 1894 to 1902. He served as president of the American Historical Association in 1909 and of the American Political Science Association in 1912. In 1914, he was appointed exchange professor at the University of Berlin . Hart authored Formation of the Union (1892), Salmon Portland Chase (1899), Essentials of American History (1905), Slavery and Abolition (1906), and many other books. He

2679-428: The twentieth century, despite the intense criticism by some African-American scholars for its alleged racist underpinnings. Phillips's theories remained authoritative, considered by many white scholars to be ground-breaking and progressive when first proposed. In 1944, the NAACP began its criticism of The Growth of the American Republic . In 1950, despite denying any racist intent (he noted his daughter's marriage to

2736-408: The weary hours spent over bibliographies and source books and textbooks, at the end of fifty years I have the satisfaction of believing that I was one of a group of young men who made history and government vital subjects for college and graduate school." (Harvard College Class of 1880, Fiftieth Anniversary Report , 1930) "I believe that the best thing for the happiness of American and of other people

2793-414: Was Volume 62, number 1 (Winter 2002). After a hiatus, it was succeeded by Northern Mariner . This article about a history journal is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . See tips for writing articles about academic journals . Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page . Samuel Eliot Morison Samuel Eliot Morison (July 9, 1887 – May 15, 1976)

2850-407: Was an American historian noted for his works of maritime history and American history that were both authoritative and popular. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1912, and taught history at the university for 40 years. He won Pulitzer Prizes for Admiral of the Ocean Sea (1942), a biography of Christopher Columbus , and John Paul Jones : A Sailor's Biography (1959). In 1942, he

2907-407: Was an American historian, writer, and editor based at Harvard University . One of the first generation of professionally trained historians in the United States, a prolific author and editor of historical works, Albert Bushnell Hart became, as Samuel Eliot Morison described him, "The Grand Old Man" of American history, looking the part with his "patriarchal full beard and flowing moustaches." Hart

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2964-448: Was appointed a full professor. One of several subjects that fascinated Morison was the history of New England . As early as 1921 he published The Maritime History of Massachusetts, 1783–1860 . In the 1930s Morison published a series of books on the history of Harvard University and New England, including Builders of the Bay Colony: A Gallery of Our Intellectual Ancestors (1930), The Founding of Harvard College (1935), Harvard College in

3021-526: Was born in Clarksville, Pennsylvania (now known as Clark ), and grew up in Cleveland , Ohio, graduating from West High School in 1870. He graduated from Harvard University in 1880. While at Harvard, he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and a classmate and friend of future U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt . He studied at Paris , Berlin and Freiburg , and received his doctorate under Hermann Eduard von Holst at Freiburg in 1883. Harvard President Charles Eliot appointed Hart an instructor in 1883 to teach

3078-412: Was commissioned a lieutenant commander in the US Naval Reserve , and was called at once to active duty. Gregory Pfitzer explained his procedures: He gained berths on patrol boats, destroyers, and heavy cruisers; participated in planning sessions for invasions; witnessed sea battles; narrowly escaped death at the hands of a kamikaze pilot; and conducted post-operational interviews with commanders in

3135-524: Was commissioned to write a history of United States naval operations in World War II , which was published in 15 volumes between 1947 and 1962. Morison wrote the popular Oxford History of the American People (1965), and co-authored the classic textbook The Growth of the American Republic (1930) with Henry Steele Commager . Over the course of his career, Morison received eleven honorary doctoral degrees, and garnered numerous literary prizes, military honors, and national awards from both foreign countries and

3192-406: Was editor of the "American Nation" series (28 volumes, 1903–1918) and other series on American history, of many source books and guides for the study of American history, and, with Andrew C. McLaughlin , of the Cyclopedia of American Government (3 volumes, 1914). He was an editor of the American Historical Review for 14 years, and president of both the American Historical Association (AHA) and

3249-404: Was launched, honoring Morison and his contributions to the United States Navy. Morison's legacy is also sustained by the United States Naval History and Heritage Command's Samuel Eliot Morison Naval History Scholarship. Boston's Commonwealth Avenue Mall features a bronze statue depicting Morison in sailor's oilskin . Morison's last known public appearance was on April 8, 1976, when he served as

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