The American Peace Award is awarded to American citizens working to further the cause of world peace.
32-467: The American Peace Award was created in 1923 by Edward Bok , who believed that the United States government was not taking initiative to promote peace in the world. $ 100,000 was to be awarded to the person submitting "the best practicable plan by which the United States may co-operate with other nations for the achievement and preservation of world peace." The first half of the prize was awarded upon
64-589: A boycott of the publication, for which Bok threatened them with legal action. He did not proceed with that and reached a compromise with the General Federation of Women’s Clubs . The magazine would start a new department, with content provided by the Federation. Bok's 1920 autobiography The Americanization of Edward Bok: The Autobiography of a Dutch Boy Fifty Years After won the Gold Medal of
96-572: A fire destroyed the Boston publishing plant for Cyrus' newspaper, they moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , in 1876 and he founded the Tribune and Farmer . Cyrus was the original author of the Women and Home column in the Tribune and Farmer weekly newspaper. It was originally developed from articles clipped from other sources and surrounded by advertisements directed toward women. Louisa criticized
128-613: A major force in promoting the " bungalow ", a style of residence which derived from India. Plans for these houses cost as little as a dollar, and the 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -story dwelling, some as small as 800 square feet, soon became a dominant form of new domestic architecture in the country. Some architects complained that by making building plans available on a mass basis, Bok was usurping their prerogatives, and some, such as Stanford White openly discouraged him—although White later came around, writing I believe that Edward Bok has more completely influenced American domestic architecture for
160-609: A new world organization that would replace the League of Nations. Although Roosevelt had been the vice presidential candidate on the Democratic ticket of 1920 that supported the League of Nations, by 1924 he was ready to scrap it. His draft of a "Society of Nations" accepted the reservations proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge in the 1919 Senate debate. The new Society would not become involved in the Western Hemisphere, where
192-467: A supporter of women's suffrage). Bok viewed suffragists as traitors to their sex, saying "there is no greater enemy of woman than woman herself." On the other hand, the magazine was an advocate of causes such as "conservation, public health, birth control, sanitation, and educational reform". Because of criticism of some of their programs and methods in the Journal , women's clubs attempted to organize
224-558: Is awarded by an advisory committee of artists, who present each recipient with an original work of art to honor their efforts. Edward Bok Edward William Bok (born Eduard Willem Gerard Cesar Hidde Bok ) (October 9, 1863 – January 9, 1930) was a Dutch-born American editor and Pulitzer Prize -winning author. He was editor of the Ladies' Home Journal for 30 years (1889–1919). He also distributed popular homebuilding plans and created Bok Tower Gardens in central Florida . Bok
256-456: The Journal became the first magazine in the world to have one million subscribers and it became very influential among readers by featuring informative and progressive ideas in its articles. The magazine focused upon the social issues of the day. When Bok's autobiography, The Americanization of Edward Bok , appeared in 1920, and later received a Pulitzer Prize, the writer H. L. Mencken reviewed it with an interest based on long acquaintance with
288-652: The New York Peace Society , and former president of Adelphi College . Levermore's plan suggested the United States adhere to the Permanent Court of International Justice and should extend its cooperation with the League of Nations . The American Peace Award was established in 2008 as a prize awarded to an American citizen or citizens working to further the cause of world peace, in the spirit of Edward W. Bok's original award. The American Peace Award
320-659: The $ 100,000 American Peace Award in 1923, given for the "best practicable plan for U.S. cooperation in world peace". In 1924, Mary Louise Bok founded the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, which she dedicated to her father, Cyrus Curtis, and in 1927, the Boks embarked upon the construction of Bok Tower Gardens , near their winter home in Mountain Lake Estates , Lake Wales, Florida , which
352-557: The Academy of Political and Social Science and the 1921 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography . The World War II Liberty ship SS Edward W. Bok was named in his honor. The Edward W. Bok Technical High School in Philadelphia , opened in 1938, was named in his honor. The school closed in 2013. Louisa Knapp Curtis Louisa Knapp Curtis (October 21, 1851 – February 25, 1910), (also known as Louisa Knapp ),
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#1732781047811384-657: The Monroe doctrine held sway. It would not have any control over any military forces. Although Roosevelt's plan was never made public, he thought about the problem a great deal, and incorporated some of his 1924 ideas into his design for the United Nations in 1944–1945. The prize was awarded in February 1924 to Dr. Charles Herbert Levermore , who was secretary of the World's Court League , the League of Nations Union , and
416-521: The author of the women's page monthly supplement Women at Home for the Tribune and Farmer weekly newspaper. In 1875, Louisa Knapp married Cyrus Curtis when he was the publisher of The People's Ledger in Boston. They met while singing in a concert to celebrate the end of the Civil War. Louisa was working as a private secretary for Samuel Gridley Howe , a prominent Boston physician and husband of women's suffrage activist Julia Ward Howe . After
448-402: The better than any man in this generation. When he began ... I refused to cooperate with him. If Bok would come to me now, I would not only make plans for him, but I would waive my fee for them in retribution for my early mistake. Bok advocated using the term living room for the room then commonly called a parlo[u]r or drawing room , and is sometimes erroneously credited with inventing
480-402: The column to her husband since she felt it did not address the real concerns of women. She convinced her husband that she could do a better job and began to write original content directed toward women. The column proved extremely popular and soon grew to fill a full page. The Curtises decided to publish a monthly supplement that would be included in the Tribune and Farmer . The first issue of
512-623: The crayon enlargements of Uncle Richard and Aunt Sue, the square pianos, the Brussels carpets, the grained woodwork—when his eyes alighted upon such things, his soul revolted, and at once his moral enthusiasm incited him to attempt a reform. The result was a long series of Ladies' Home Journal crusades against the hideousness of the national scene—in domestic architecture, in house furnishing, in dress, in town buildings, in advertising. Bok flung himself headlong into his campaigns, and practically every one of them succeeded. ... If there were gratitude in
544-420: The daughter of Louisa and Cyrus Curtis. She shared her family's interest in music, cultural activities, and philanthropy and was very active in social circles. Shortly before his marriage, he published an advice book for young men. He noted among other things, that "A man who truly loves his mother, wife, sister or sweetheart never tells a story which lowers her sex in the eyes of others." During his editorship,
576-581: The gutter where the coal wagons had delivered fuel. By the time Bok was in his early teens, he was required to quit school to aid his family with financial support. His first full-time job, in 1876, was as an office boy with the Western Union Telegraph company. In 1882, Bok began work with Henry Holt and Company as a stenographer while also taking classes in the evenings. In 1884, he accepted an offer from Charles Scribner's Sons to became its advertising manager. From 1884 until 1887, Bok
608-530: The land, there would be a monument to him in every town in the Republic. He has been, aesthetically, probably the most useful citizen that ever breathed its muggy air. The Journal also became the first magazine to refuse patent medicine advertisements. In 1919, Bok retired from publishing. In 1923, Bok proposed the American Peace Award . Bok also established a number of awards including
640-488: The magazine to a thirty-two page magazine with a cover. Louisa resigned as editor and Edward Bok became the new editor. She died on February 25, 1910, in Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania , and was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. Louisa and Cyrus Curtis had one child, Mary Louise Curtis , who married Edward Bok in 1896. She founded Bok Tower Gardens , the Curtis Institute of Music ,
672-468: The magazine. Mencken observed that Bok showed an irrepressible interest in things artistic: When he looked at the houses in which his subscribers lived, their drab hideousness made him sick. When he went inside and contemplated the lambrequins, the gilded cattails, the Rogers groups, the wax fruit under glass domes, the emblazoned seashells from Asbury Park, the family Bible on the marble-topped center-table,
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#1732781047811704-426: The room in their daily lives. He wrote, "We have what is called a 'drawing room'. Just whom or what it 'draws' I have never been able to see unless it draws attention to too much money and no taste ..." Bok's overall concern was to preserve his socially conservative vision of the ideal American household, with the wife as homemaker and child-rearer, and the children raised in a healthy, natural setting, close to
736-553: The selection of the plan by a jury, and the remainder upon acceptance by the United States Senate or showing "sufficient popular support". The 1924 American Peace Award received plans from thousands of applicants, and caught the interest of the Senate. Franklin D. Roosevelt drafted a plan for the contest but did not submit it because his wife Eleanor Roosevelt was selected as a judge for the prize. His plan called for
768-537: The soil. To this end, he promoted the suburbs as the best place for well-balanced domestic life. Theodore Roosevelt said about Bok: [He] is the only man I ever heard of who changed, for the better, the architecture of an entire nation, and he did it so quickly and effectively that we didn't know it was begun before it was finished. At the Ladies' Home Journal , Bok authored more than 20 articles opposed to women's suffrage , which he believed threatened his "vision of
800-519: The supplement was released in December 1883 and titled Ladies' Home Journal and Practical Housekeeper . It was written by Louisa under her maiden name and published by her husband. The supplement proved so popular that it was expanded to a magazine and Louisa became the first editor. The magazine title was shortened to Ladies' Home Journal in 1886. In July 1889, the Curtises' decided to expand
832-400: The term. This room had traditionally been used only on Sundays or for formal occasions such as the displaying of deceased family members before burial; it was the buffer zone between the public sphere and the private one of the rest of the house. Bok believed it was foolish to create an expensively furnished room that was rarely used, and promoted the alternative name to encourage families to use
864-642: The woman at home, living the simple life". One of his first commentaries on the issue clearly stated that "women were not yet ready for the vote". The Journal' s wide reach among American middle-class women made Bok a key ally of the anti-suffrage movement. Bok also opposed the concept of women working outside the home, some aspects of the woman's clubs , and education for women. He wrote that feminism would lead women to divorce, ill health, and even death. Bok solicited articles against women's rights from former presidents Grover Cleveland and Theodore Roosevelt (though Roosevelt would later change his mind to become
896-543: Was an American columnist and the first editor of the Ladies' Home Journal from 1883 to 1889. It became one of the most popular magazines published in the United States and reached a circulation of one million within ten years. Curtis turned over the editorship to Edward Bok in 1889 but she continued to author a column and provide oversight. She was married to Cyrus Curtis , head of the Curtis Publishing Company , and took over from her husband as
928-509: Was born in Den Helder , Netherlands to an at-the-time wealthy, prominent family. After his father lost most of his wealth due to bad investment decisions, the family immigrated to Brooklyn , New York , when Edward was six years old. In Brooklyn, he washed the windows of a bakery shop after school to help support his family, in addition, he would also go into the street with a basket every day and collect stray bits of coal that had fallen in
960-465: Was buried at the tower's base. Two of his grandsons are folk singer Gordon Bok and former Harvard University President Derek Bok . In 1895, Bok began publishing in Ladies' Home Journal plans for building houses which were affordable for the American middle class – from $ 1,500 to $ 5,000 – and made full specifications with regional prices available by mail for $ 5. Later, Bok and the Journal became
992-736: Was dedicated on February 1, 1929, by the president of the United States, Calvin Coolidge . Bok Tower is sometimes called a sanctuary and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic Landmark . Bok is used as an example in Dale Carnegie 's How to Win Friends and Influence People . Bok died after a heart attack on January 9, 1930, in Lake Wales, within sight of his beloved Singing Tower and
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1024-625: Was the editor of The Brooklyn Magazine , and in 1886, he founded the Bok Syndicate Press, "the country's third syndicate with 137 newspapers subscribed". After moving to Philadelphia in 1889, he obtained the editorship of Ladies' Home Journal when its founder and editor Louisa Knapp Curtis stepped down to a less intense role at the popular, nationally circulated publication. It was published by Cyrus Curtis , who had an established publishing empire that included many newspapers and magazines. In 1896, Bok married Mary L. Curtis ,
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