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98-407: American Pie is a film series consisting of four sex comedy films. American Pie , the first film in the series, was released by Universal Pictures in 1999. The film became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon and gained a cult following among young people. Following American Pie , the second and third films in the series, American Pie 2 (2001) and American Wedding (2003), were released;

196-403: A Driving Instructor , Confessions of a Pop Performer , and Confessions from a Holiday Camp —concern the erotic adventures of Timothy Lea and are based on the novels of Christopher Wood , writing as Timothy Lea. Soon came Adventures of... , directed by Stanley Long , which started with Adventures of a Taxi Driver , starring sitcom star Barry Evans , and was followed by Adventures of

294-434: A French ambassador. Emile grants Emmannuelle permission to sleep with anyone she likes, and her promiscuity turns her into a celebrity and a frequent talk show guest. Meanwhile, Theodore Valentine is besotted by her and wants them to get married. But Emmannuelle is obsessed with arousing her husband's sexual desire at almost any cost. This was the last of the original Carry On films. Producer/director Kenneth F. Rowles made

392-619: A Private Eye and Adventures of a Plumber's Mate , starring future record producer Christopher Neil . Long began his career as a photographer before producing striptease shorts (or "glamour home movies", as they were sometimes known), for the 8 mm market. Beginning in the late fifties, Long's feature film career would span the entire history of the British sex film, and as such exemplifies its differing trends and attitudes. His work ranges from coy nudist films ( Nudist Memories 1959), to moralizing documentary ( The Wife Swappers , 1970) to

490-517: A Row , The Chicken Chronicles , The Swinging Cheerleaders , The Pom Pom Girls , and Cooley High which share some to many elements from the sex comedy sub-genre. The sub-genre sometimes shares genre elements with the coming-of-age stories genre as well. In 1978, National Lampoon's Animal House 's success led to a string of raunchy gross-out and sex comedies in the late 1970s and early to mid 1980s. Animal House featured many scenes that would become iconic and often parodied, such as

588-413: A built-in audience and reducing the financial risk associated with launching a new and unproven concept . Additionally, sequels of a formula that players already enjoy, balancing familiarity with new features or improvements, which can increase player retention and positive reception . In some cases, the characters or the settings of an original film or video game become so valuable that they develop into

686-422: A copycat cash-in with his The Ups and Downs of a Handyman . His next movie, Take an Easy Ride , purports to be a public information film warning of the dangers of hitchhiking but is actually a sexploitation film showing young girls being sexually assaulted and murdered (although Rowles says he had to add those scenes on request of the movie's distributor). Films like Dreams of Thirteen , The Younger

784-580: A crossover film. A reboot is a start over from a previous work. It could either be a film set in a new universe resembling the old one or it could be a regular spin-off film that starts a new film series. Reboots are usually a part of the same media franchise as the previous works, but not always. Batman Begins , Casino Royale , Star Trek , Børning , Man of Steel , and Terminator: Genisys are examples of reboot films. Kathleen Loock has written that traditional reboots tended to stray away from depicting direct narrative or stylistic correlations to

882-524: A defining characteristic of most British sex comedies – particularly in the period after the censorship rules were relaxed slightly at the turn of the 1970s – is that they were "neither sexy nor funny". The Confessions series consisted of four sex comedy films released during the 1970s starring Robin Askwith . The films in the Confessions series— Confessions of a Window Cleaner , Confessions of

980-465: A dependable business strategy. Sequels are now a dominant trend in the industry, making up a large proportion of new releases from major publishers . One reason seso prevalent is their ability to provide a stable revenue stream in a volatile market. Building on an existing brand with an established fan base, sequels are perceived as safer investments than new intellectual properties (IP). They allow companies to capitalize on previous successes, ensuring

1078-504: A different perspective. Strict legacy parallels are Kirill Eskov 's novel The Last Ringbearer (1999) retelling the events of J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings (1955) from the viewpoint of benevolent Mordorians combatting the malevolent West. Likewise, Alice Randall 's novel The Wind Done Gone (2001), contemporary to Margaret Mitchell 's Gone With the Wind (1936), tells

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1176-558: A key year as the producers of the film The Moon Is Blue challenged the Motion Picture Production Code rules against using the word 'virgin', Hugh Hefner introduced Playboy magazine, and sexologist Alfred Kinsey drew attention to the way women were having sex before marriage. In the movies, playboys played by actors such as Rock Hudson or Tony Curtis would try to bed marriage-minded women played by actresses such as Doris Day or Marilyn Monroe , and

1274-413: A man whose powers are failing finds he can restore his vigor by spying on his daughter and her fiancé, so he hatches a scheme to involve his wife. Yasuzo Masumura 's 1964 film adaptation of Junichirō Tanizaki 's novel Quicksand (Manji) took a tongue-in-cheek approach to the melodrama of a housewife falling in love with a younger woman. Shohei Imamura released The Pornographers in 1966, parodying

1372-493: A more relaxed attitude to permissive material ( Naughty! , 1971) to out and out comedies at the end of the 1970s. He did not like sex scenes and was dismissive of pornography, saying it did not turn him on and he turned his back when such scenes were being filmed. British sex comedy films became mainstream with the release in 1976 of Carry On England , starring Judy Geeson , Patrick Mower , and Diane Langton , in which an experimental mixed-sex anti-aircraft battery in wartime

1470-415: A pact to lose their virginity before their high school graduation. Steve Stifler ( Seann William Scott ), the obnoxious jock of the group, provides them with unorthodox advice while hosting wild parties in the meantime. In the second film, the five boys host a summer party and Jim becomes interested in his friend, Michelle Flaherty ( Alyson Hannigan ). In the third film, Jim and Michelle plan to marry, although

1568-418: A realm of drama in which women can be contenders. The war is fought with glances and flirtations, wit and beauty, manipulation and desire. And in this battle, women often win—even if the victory is sometimes equivocal. Presenting seduction and adultery as funny eased moral anxieties that might otherwise have attached to these themes. It is an open question as to whether the plays portraying libertinism endorses

1666-519: A recital where she is performing to reveal this to her. American Wedding (2003) begins with Jim proposing to Michelle. Finch, Kevin, and Stifler help the arranging of his marriage. In the years that have passed since American Wedding , the most recent installment American Reunion (2012) shows Jim and Michelle married with a child, and Kevin has gotten married himself, whereas Oz and Heather grew apart, Finch still has not found love (not counting Stifler's mom), and Stifler has not come to terms with

1764-456: A requel as something that "exploits goodwill toward the past while launching a new generation of actors and stories". A standalone sequel is a work set in the same universe, yet has little or no narrative connection to its predecessor, and can stand on its own without a thorough understanding of the series. A Shot in the Dark (1964), Big Top Pee-wee (1988), Halloween III: Season of

1862-666: A satirical romance), for example, Cervantes disapproved of Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda 's use of his characters in Second Volume of the Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha , an unauthorized sequel. In response, Cervantes very firmly kills the protagonist at the end of the Second Part to discourage any more such creative liberties. Another example is Samuel Richardson , an 18th-century author who responded particularly strongly against

1960-433: A second wave of American sex comedy in the late 1990s and early 2000s. A third wave of American sex comedy emerged in the mid to late 2000s and into the early 2010s with a string of successful sex comedy films by Judd Apatow and his associates. Apatow's 2005 directorial debut The 40-Year-Old Virgin follows Andy Stitzer ( Steve Carell ) as he struggles with the pressures of reaching the age of 40 without ever having "done

2058-443: A series, lately referred to as a media franchise . Generally, a whole series of sequels is made, along with merchandising . Multiple sequels are often planned well in advance, and actors and directors may sign extended contracts to ensure their participation. This can extend into a series/franchise's initial production's plot to provide story material to develop for sequels called sequel hooks. Examples of major media franchises include

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2156-440: A side story that deals with sex, and features nudity. Takeshi Kitano 's Getting Any? movie is about the quest for sex. Nikkatsu 's Roman Porno series was usually fairly serious, but Morita's Love Hard Love Deep and manga adaptation Minna Agechau were Roman Pornos, and other films in the series such as Pink Tush Girl and Abnormal Family: Older Brother's Bride have been described as comedies. Recently there has been

2254-414: A spate of sexy coming of age comedies, e.g. Haruka Ayase 's Oppai Volleyball and live action adaptations of the manga Tokyo Daigaku Monogatari , Ibitsu , Moteki and Recently, My Sister Is Unusual . The 2003 Japanese TV drama Stand Up! starring Kazunari Ninomiya is the story of four virgin boys, and bears some resemblance to American sex comedies of the 1980s. Sequel A sequel

2352-570: A tinge of colour.' ' Pink films ' ピンク映画 are more narrowly sexy films made by independent studios for release to adult theatres. The traditional word for comedy is 'kigeki' 喜劇. It was applied to Kyōgen , short comic plays performed in theatres. The word 'kigeki' is also used in the titles of some movies from the 1960s, but more recently the loan word 'komedi' コメディ　has become the usual way of referring to humorous films or TV shows. In 1959 director Kon Ichikawa produced an adaptation of Junichirō Tanizaki 's novel The Key titled Odd Obsession wherein

2450-669: A total budget of US$ 145 million, has grossed nearly a billion worldwide. The spin-off films were released direct-to-video . The original series has received mixed reviews from critics, while the spin-off series has received negative reviews. In the original American Pie (1999), Jim Levenstein and his friends Kevin Myers, Paul Finch, and Chris Ostreicher attempt to lose their virginity before their high school graduation . Jim pursues Czech exchange student Nadia, but his attempts fail after he ejaculates prematurely twice during foreplay , and instead pursues band geek Michelle, asking her to

2548-571: A womanizer's, which is very large. The rest of the movie is about its new owner following in his predecessor's footsteps and meeting all the women who are able to recognize it. There was a sequel, Percy's Progress , released in 1974. To move with the times, the Carry On series added nudity to its saucy seaside postcard innuendo. Series producer Peter Rogers saw the George Segal movie Loving (1970) and added his two favourite words to

2646-447: A work he or she could sell. This shift from a text-based to an author-centered reading culture led to the "professionalization" of the author – that is, the development of a "sense of identity based on a marketable skill and on supplying to a defined public a specialized service it was demanding." In one sense, then, sequels became a means to profit further from previous work that had already obtained some measure of commercial success. As

2744-538: Is Mute (2018), a spiritual sequel to the film Moon (2009). A parallel , paraquel , or sidequel is a story that runs at the same point in time as the original story. For instance, three different novels by John Morressy — Starbrat (1972), Stardrift (1973; also known as Nail Down the Stars ), and Under a Calculating Star (1975) — involve different lead characters, mostly in different places, but overlap at one dramatic event to which each novel provides

2842-405: Is a work of literature , film , theatre , television , music , or video game that continues the story of , or expands upon , some earlier work. In the common context of a narrative work of fiction , a sequel portrays events set in the same fictional universe as an earlier work, usually chronologically following the events of that work. In many cases, the sequel continues elements of

2940-516: Is an interquel of 'movies A' and 'B', the events of 'movie C' take place after the events of 'movie A', but before the events of 'movie B'. Examples can include Rogue One (2016) and Solo (2018) of Star Wars , some films of the Fast & Furious franchise, and Saw X . An intraquel , on the other hand, is a work which focuses on events within a previous work. Examples include Bambi 2 (2005) and Black Widow (2021). A threequel

3038-698: Is credited by many as the start of the "teen" subgenre of the sex comedy. Some other examples of these types of films from this era and some of which have actors/actresses starring in them that later went on to bigger fame include Revenge of the Nerds , Hot Dog…The Movie , The Last American Virgin , Losin' It , Risky Business , Mischief , Bachelor Party , Once Bitten , Fast Times at Ridgemont High , Secret Admirer , The Sure Thing , Class , Private Lessons , Private School , and Private Resort . Another 80's teen comedy film that stars young actors and actresses that went onto bigger fame and

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3136-442: Is enjoying making love not war . However, the arrival of the new Captain S. Melly brings an end to their cosy life and causes terror in the ranks. In Carry On Emmannuelle , the beautiful Emmannuelle Prevert just cannot get her own husband into bed. A spoof of Emmanuelle , the film revolves around the eponymous heroine ( Suzanne Danielle ) and her unsuccessful attempts to make love to her husband, Emile ( Kenneth Williams ),

3234-421: Is in the works at Universal 1440. The film is developed and written by Sujata Day. American Pie Presents: Band Camp (2005) follows Stifler's younger brother Matt Stifler ( Tad Hilgenbrink ), who is forced to attend band camp for the summer. While there, he realizes he must change his arrogant ways in order to win over Elyse. American Pie Presents: The Naked Mile (2006) follows Erik Stifler ( John White ),

3332-417: Is made following the original product which portrays events occurring chronologically before those of the original work. Although its name is based on the word sequel , not all prequels are true prequels that are part of a main series. Prequels that are not part of a main series are called spin-off prequels , while prequels that are part of a main series are called true prequels . Examples of prequels include

3430-523: Is starting college. He must complete a series of tasks before he can join Dwight's fraternity and also begins a new relationship with Ashley Thomas ( Meghan Heffern ), a girl he met in the co-ed bathrooms in their dorm. American Pie Presents: The Book of Love (2009) takes place ten years after American Pie . Set in East Great Falls, a fire in the school's library results in the destruction of

3528-522: Is tamer on its handling of sex is Little Darlings . Although not widely considered a "sex comedy," the 1998 critical and financial hit There's Something About Mary has many moments that have entered the pop culture lexicon, particularly the infamous scene in which Ted Stroehmann ( Ben Stiller ), following a scene of vigorous masturbation, discovers that his semen is hanging off of his ear. Mary ( Cameron Diaz ), mistaking it for hair gel , nonchalantly grabs it and runs it through her hair. A year later,

3626-403: Is the guidance counselor for East Great Falls High School in the first spin-off. Blu-ray Sex comedy Sex comedy was popular in 17th century English Restoration theatre . From 1953 to 1965, Hollywood released a number of sex comedies, some featuring stars such as Doris Day , Jack Lemmon and Marilyn Monroe . The United Kingdom released a spate of sex comedies in the 1970s, notably

3724-472: Is the third work after the first sequel. They act as a continuation, and sometimes a conclusion of plot threads from the first two works. Examples include Return of the Jedi (1983), and Rocky III (1982). A legacy sequel is a work that follows the continuity of the original works, but takes place much further along the timeline, often focusing on new characters with the original ones still present in

3822-421: The Carry On series . Hollywood released Animal House in 1978, which was followed by a long line of teen sex comedies in the early 1980s, e.g. Porky's , Bachelor Party and Risky Business . Other countries with a significant sex comedy film production include Brazil ( pornochanchada ), Italy ( commedia sexy all'italiana ) and Mexico ( sexicomedias ). Although the ancient Greek theatre genre of

3920-837: The Creed films (2015-present), Mary Poppins Returns (2018), The Matrix Resurrections (2021), Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008), Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023) , and the Jurassic World Trilogy (2015–2022) are examples of legacy sequels. Another term for these types of movies is requel , meaning reboot sequel, a term originally coined by Bruce Campbell to describe Evil Dead 2 (1987) in relation to The Evil Dead (1981). Film journalist Pamela McClintock describes

4018-496: The Star Wars prequel trilogy (1999-2005), Tremors 4: The Legend Begins (2004) which took place chronologically before the events of the previous Tremors films , Better Call Saul (2015–2022) taking place mainly before Breaking Bad but also having some scenes after and during it, The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning (2008) occurring chronologically before the events of The Little Mermaid TV series (1992-1994),

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4116-612: The American Pie continuity were released. The films featured mostly new characters. Aside from the raunchy humor, the common elements among the American Pie Presents films are the continued presence of Jim's Dad and members of the Stifler clan. Other than Jim's Dad, the only other returning characters are Matt Stifler, who takes center stage for the first spin-off, albeit played by a new actor, and Chuck Sherman, who

4214-696: The Marvel Cinematic Universe , Pokemon , Harry Potter , and Disney Princess . Movie sequels do not always do as well at the box office as the original, but they tend to do better than non-sequels, according to a study in the July 2008 issue of the Journal of Business Research . The shorter the period between releases, the better the sequel does at the box office. Sequels also show a faster drop in weekly revenues relative to non-sequels. A quantitative mega-analysis of box office earnings from all

4312-512: The prom . At Stifler's prom after-party, Jim has a one-night stand with Michelle, and the rest of the friends lose their virginity as well. In American Pie 2 (2001), Jim and his friends organize a party at a summer beach house in Grand Harbor reuniting the high school gang. Nadia returns, and Jim asks Michelle to help him finally have sex with her. Jim ends up realizing he is in love with Michelle (whose feelings are mutual), and goes to

4410-502: The satyr play contained farcical sex, perhaps the best-known ancient comedy motivated by sexual gamesmanship is Aristophanes ' Lysistrata (411 BC), in which the title character persuades her fellow women of Greece to protest the Peloponnesian War by withholding sex. The "boy-meets-girl" plot that is distinctive of Western sexual comedy can be traced to Menander (343–291 BC), who differs from Aristophanes in focusing on

4508-429: The 18th century novel. While in certain historical contexts unofficial sequels were actually the norm (for an example, see Arthurian literature ), with the emphasis on the author function that arises in conjunction with the novel many authors began to see these kinds of unauthorized extensions as being in direct conflict with authorial authority. In the matter of Don Quixote (an early novel, perhaps better classified as

4606-481: The 18th century sequels often served as "models of paternity and property", for women writers these models were more likely to be seen as transgressive. Instead, the recurring readership created by sequels let female writers function within the model of "familiar acquaintances reunited to enjoy the mutual pleasures of conversation", and made their writing an "activity within a private, non-economic sphere". Through this created perception women writers were able to break into

4704-955: The 2010s many Indian films and TV shows have been made in the sex comedy genre. There was initially a hesitant reaction to them but this was followed by gradual acceptance. Examples of the genre include Vicky Donor , Mastizaade , the Masti film series, The Shaukeens , the Pyaar Ka Punchnama film series, the Kyaa Kool Hai Hum film series, Guddu Ki Gun , In Bengali languages Teen Yaari Katha , Aamra .The Four More Shots Please! In hindi And , Ekla Cholo in bengali streaming TV show. Widely available and affordable Internet connections have been available in India since 2016, and this combined with affordable over-the-top media services have contributed to increased production of

4802-637: The Better , Geilermanns Töchter - Wenn Mädchen mündig werden , Erika's Hot Summer , Mrs. Stone's Thing , and Come Play With Me played in Soho and elsewhere, but with the arrival of the Margaret Thatcher government in 1979 the Eady Levy was abolished in 1985, killing off the genre. Some French coming of age films contain many themes of the modern "sex comedy" genre, such as Murmur of

4900-458: The Book of Love (the "Bible" from the first film). With the help of the book's creator, Mr. Levenstein, the people who started the fire set out to restore the book and lose their virginity. American Pie Presents: Girls' Rules (2020) follows a group of four teenage girls who make a pact to get what they want before their prom and end up falling in love with the same guy. More than six years after

4998-422: The British sex film, Doing Rude Things , Mary Had a Little... (1961) was the first British sex comedy. Bridging the gap between documentary nudist films and the later sex comedies was the film The Naked World of Harrison Marks (1966). George Harrison Marks ' love of music hall and slapstick found its way into this spoof documentary biographical film. Norman Wisdom 's last starring role, What's Good for

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5096-465: The Goose (1969), was a sex comedy made by Tony Tenser . He specialised in producing exploitation films and founded his own production company Tigon British Film Productions in 1966. In the movie, he leaves his wife and kids to go off on a business trip and has an affair with a young girl, played by Sally Geeson There apparently are two versions of the film: the 98-minute cut version was released in

5194-473: The Heart . The commedia sexy all'italiana (lit. "sex comedy Italian style"), also known as commedia scollacciata or commedia erotica all'italiana, is a subgenre of Italian commedia all'italiana film genre . It is characterized typically by both abundant female nudity and comedy, and by the minimal weight given to social criticism that was instead basic in the commedia all'italiana main genre. Since

5292-523: The Planet of the Apes (2024), Twisters (2024) and Jurassic World Rebirth (2025) are examples of standalone sequels. A plot reset , or resetquel is a work set in the same universe of its predecessor that resets the plot in a different premise or setting of the work's predecessor with more than one of the same predecessor characters to appease the audience due to extremely negative reception of

5390-662: The Principal Characters in David Simple and David Simple, Volume the Last are extremely innovative and cover almost the entire range of popular narrative styles of the 18th century. The cost of developing triple-A video games has increased significantly over recent years, often reaching tens or even hundreds of millions of dollars due to high expectations for detailed graphics, expansive worlds, and advanced gameplay. Video game companies have turned to sequels as

5488-525: The UK, while the uncensored version (105 minutes) which shows nudity from Sally Geeson, was released in continental Europe. Percy was directed by Ralph Thomas and starred Hywel Bennett , Denholm Elliott , Elke Sommer , and Britt Ekland . The film is about a successful penis transplant . An innocent and shy young man (Bennett) whose penis is mutilated in an accident and has to be amputated wakes up after an operation to find out that it has been replaced by

5586-675: The Witch (1982), Home Alone 3 (1997), The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006), Species - The Awakening (2007), Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011), Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance (2011), Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water (2015), Wonder Woman 1984 (2020), Spirit Untamed (2021), Space Jam: A New Legacy (2021), Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery (2022), Kingdom of

5684-502: The animated Little Mermaid film (1989), and The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea (2000), and Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga (2024), which took place before Mad Max: Fury Road (2015). A midquel is a term used to refer to works which take place between events. Types include interquels and intraquels. An interquel is a story that takes place in between two previously published or released stories. For example, if 'movie C'

5782-489: The appropriation of his material by unauthorized third parties. Richardson was extremely vocal in his disapproval of the way the protagonist of his novel Pamela was repeatedly incorporated into unauthorized sequels featuring particularly lewd plots. The most famous of these is Henry Fielding 's parody, entitled Shamela . In To Renew Their Former Acquaintance: Print, Gender, and Some Eighteenth Century Sequels , Betty Schellenberg theorizes that whereas for male writers in

5880-399: The central question would seem to be "will she or won't she?", but in the end, the man would fall for the "girl", and sometimes agree to marry her. Notable sex comedies in this period were Some Like It Hot , The Apartment , Irma La Douce , Pillow Talk , The Seven Year Itch , Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and Lover Come Back . According to McDonald, by 1965, the sexual revolution

5978-422: The consent of the creator of the original work. These may be dubbed unofficial, informal, unauthorized, or illegitimate sequels. In some cases, the work is in the public domain , and there is no legal obstacle to producing sequels. An example would be books and films serving as sequels to the book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , which is in the public domain (as opposed to its 1939 film adaptation ). In other cases,

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6076-637: The courtship and marital dilemmas of the middle classes rather than social and political satire. His successor Plautus , the Roman playwright whose comedies inspired the musical A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum , regularly based his plots on sexual situations. The popularity of Plautus's comedies was a major influence on the creation of situation sex comedy . During the decade 1672–82, sex comedy such as The Country Wife (1675) flourished as part of

6174-430: The deed." Although the film featured crude sexual humor, it was critically praised for balancing it with an underlying romantic message. Another Judd Apatow related film, Superbad , shared many similar motifs from classic "teen" sex comedies of the past. Sex comedies of the 2010s include The To Do List , puberty-themed series Big Mouth , and Yes, God, Yes . According to David McGillivray in his history of

6272-509: The economic sphere and "enhance their professional status" through authorship. Dissociated from the motives of profit and therefore unrestrained by the need for continuity felt by male writers, Schellenberg argues that female-authored sequel fiction tended to have a much broader scope. He says that women writers showed an "innovative freedom" that male writers rejected to "protect their patrimony". For example, Sarah Fielding 's Adventures of David Simple and its sequels Familiar Letters between

6370-415: The establishment of a readership became increasingly important to the economic viability of authorship, sequels offered a means to establish a recurring economic outlet. In addition to serving economic profit, the sequel was also used as a method to strengthen an author's claim to his literary property. With weak copyright laws and unscrupulous booksellers willing to sell whatever they could, in some cases

6468-534: The fact that his teenage years are long gone. Now these lifelong friends have come home as adults for their thirteenth high school class reunion , to reminisce about – and get inspired by – the hormonal teens they once were. The film series began with American Pie , released on July 9, 1999. This was followed by three sequels : American Pie 2 , released on August 10, 2001, American Wedding , released on August 1, 2003, and American Reunion , released on April 6, 2012. A fifth theatrical film, under

6566-452: The fifth film will happen, and that filming could begin soon. In March 2021, Reid further elaborated that both the script is written, and that "it’s one of the best ones" in the series. A few months later, Jason Biggs denied the fact regarding script developments, but said that there were always ideas for a sequel, albeit having many obstacles. On September 29th, 2022, The Hollywood Reporter informed, that another American Pie Presents movie

6664-553: The film American Pie was credited with reviving the "teen sex comedy" subgenre. In the film, a group of high schoolers make a pact to lose their virginity before they graduate. The film's most famous scene (which also provides its namesake) involves one of the high schoolers, Jim ( Jason Biggs ), having intercourse with a fresh apple pie after being told by a friend that it is similar to " getting to third base ." The film spawned numerous sequels and spin-off films , all with varying degrees of financial and critical success, and kicked off

6762-418: The first one, either continuing the remaining plot threads or introducing a new conflict to drive the events of the second story. They can either pick up right where the first work left off, or continue sometime after the events of the first work ended. This is often called a direct sequel . Examples include Toy Story 2 (1999) and The Empire Strikes Back (1980). A prequel is an installment that

6860-469: The forced invitation of Stifler could ruin everything. In the fourth film, the group gets back together in anticipation of their 13th year since graduating from high school. The spin-off series revolves around relatives of Stifler, including his brother Matt ( Tad Hilgenbrink ), his cousins Erik ( John White ), Dwight ( Steve Talley ), Scott (John Patrick Jordan), and Stephanie ( Lizze Broadway ), and their respective friends. The original production produced on

6958-509: The fourth, American Reunion , was released in 2012. A spin-off film series entitled American Pie Presents consists of five direct-to-video films that were released from 2005 to 2020. Throughout the first film in the original series, Jim Levenstein ( Jason Biggs ) tries to develop a relationship with his school classmate Nadia ( Shannon Elizabeth ). Jim and three of his best friends, Kevin Myers ( Thomas Ian Nicholas ), Paul Finch ( Eddie Kaye Thomas ), and Chris Ostreicher ( Chris Klein ), make

7056-479: The genre. However, the conservative political and social culture that has been prevalent in the country since 2014 has been very critical of sex comedies. Sexual films and TV shows in general are subject to far more intense attacks on social media in India than are seen in other countries. Despite such criticisms the rate of sex comedy production has not slowed. In Japanese, sexy movies or TV shows tend to be referred to as 'oiroke' お色気 which might be translated as 'with

7154-449: The life story of a mulatto woman born enslaved on the O'Hara plantation and The Lion King 1½ (2004), featuring the origins of characters Timon and Pumbaa occurring simultaneously within the original 1994 film . Major film examples of true parallels include This is 40 ,sidequel to Knocked Up , focusing mainly on the side story of Pete ( Paul Rudd ) and Debbie ( Leslie Mann ), who are the in-laws of Alison Scott ( Katherine Heigl ) from

7252-459: The lifestyle, or holds it up to satire and criticism. After the main vogue of Restoration sex comedy, William Congreve revived and reinvented the form, and bawdy comedy remained popular into the 18th century. Film historian Tamar Jeffers McDonald highlights the period 1953 to 1965 as an era where sex comedy came to be the main form of romantic comedy in Hollywood. She claims that 1953 was

7350-435: The major movie studios revealed that franchise movies dominate the highest grossing films lists, establishing sequels as reliable kinds of movies to make. All studios have come to rely on releasing sequels as they increase the studios' profitability, yield to the consumer demand for simultaneous novelty and familiarity, and help manage risk and uncertainty within studio production and release. Sequels are most often produced in

7448-570: The only Stifler to possibly graduate from high school a virgin. After a failed attempt at sex with his girlfriend Tracy ( Jessy Schram ), she gives Erik a free pass to go to the University of Michigan , where his cousin Dwight ( Steve Talley ) attends, to lose his virginity. In the process, Erik's loyalty is put to the test. American Pie Presents: Beta House (2007) continues a year after The Naked Mile . Erik has now graduated from high school, has lost his girlfriend to her previous boyfriend, and

7546-487: The only way to prove ownership of a text was to produce another like it. Sequels in this sense are rather limited in scope, as the authors are focused on producing "more of the same" to defend their "literary paternity". As is true throughout history, sequels to novels provided an opportunity for authors to interact with a readership. This became especially important in the economy of the 18th century novel, in which authors often maintained readership by drawing readers back with

7644-414: The original film. Alongside sequels, there are also other types of continuation or inspiration of a previous work. A spin-off is a work that is not a sequel to any previous works, but is set in the same universe. It is a separate work-on-its-own in the same franchise as the series of other works. Spin-offs are often focused on one or more of the minor characters from the other work or new characters in

7742-509: The original story, often with the same characters and settings. A sequel can lead to a series , in which key elements appear repeatedly. The difference between more than one sequel and a series is somewhat arbitrary. Sequels are attractive to creators and publishers because there is less risk involved in returning to a story with known popularity rather than developing new and untested characters and settings. Audiences are sometimes eager for more stories about popular characters or settings, making

7840-565: The plot. They are often made many years after the original works were made. Legacy sequels are sometimes also direct sequels that ignore previous installments entirely, effectively retconning preceding events . Superman Returns (2006), Halloween (2018), Candyman (2021), Cobra Kai (2018-2025), Blade Runner 2049 (2017), the Star Wars sequel trilogy (2015-2019), Ghostbusters: Afterlife (2021), Terminator: Dark Fate (2019), Tron: Legacy (2010), Top Gun: Maverick (2022), Doctor Sleep (2019), Rocky Balboa (2006),

7938-580: The predecessor. An example: The Suicide Squad (2021) to Suicide Squad (2016). A spiritual sequel is a work inspired by its predecessor. It shares the same styles, genres and elements as its predecessor, but has no direct connection to it at all. Most spiritual sequels are also set in different universes from their predecessors, and some spiritual sequels aren't even a part of their predecessor's franchise, making them non-franchise sequels . Spiritual sequels can sometimes be repurposed from material originally intended to be direct sequels. An example of this

8036-399: The previous versions of the franchise. Contemporary reboots lean into the nostalgia factor and create new stories that simultaneously revel in the aspects of the original franchise that made it notable in the first place. In The Afterlife of a Character , David Brewer describes a reader's desire to "see more", or to know what happens next in the narrative after it has ended. The origin of

8134-504: The production of multiple novel sequels, sometimes rivaling or even dwarfing the volume of works in the original medium. For example, the 1956 novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians , its 1961 animated adaptation and that film's 1996 live-action remake each have a sequel unrelated to the other sequels: respectively The Starlight Barking (1967), 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure (2003, direct to video) and 102 Dalmatians (2000). Sometimes sequels are produced without

8232-410: The production of sequels financially appealing. In film, sequels are very common. There are many name formats for sequels. Sometimes, they either have unrelated titles or have a letter added to the end. More commonly, they have numbers at the end or have added words at the end. It is also common for a sequel to have a variation of the original title or a subtitle. In the 1930s, many musical sequels had

8330-463: The promise of more of what they liked from the original. With sequels, therefore, came the implicit division of readers by authors into the categories of "desirable" and "undesirable"—that is, those who interpret the text in a way unsanctioned by the author. Only after having achieved a significant reader base would an author feel free to alienate or ignore the "undesirable" readers. This concept of "undesirable" readers extends to unofficial sequels with

8428-554: The release of the original American Pie , the franchise continued with a direct-to-video spin-off Presents series; consisting of Band Camp , released on December 26, 2005, The Naked Mile , released on December 12, 2006, Beta House , released on December 26, 2007, The Book of Love , released on December 22, 2009, and Girls' Rules , released on October 6, 2020. All five spin-offs center around relatives of Steve Stifler, who include his brother Matt and his cousins Erik, Dwight, Scott and Stephanie Stifler. Several films set in

8526-606: The revival of theatre in England resulting from the Restoration . Forerunners of the craze were John Dryden 's An Evening's Love (1668) and Thomas Betterton 's The Amorous Widow (ca. 1670). Sexual content was favored by the presence of female performers, in contrast to the drag performances of the Elizabethan stage . The main character was often a self-important rake or libertine , posturing heroically. Adultery

8624-628: The same medium as the previous work (e.g. a film sequel is usually a sequel to another film). Producing sequels to a work in another medium has also become common, especially when the new medium is less costly or time-consuming to produce. A sequel to a popular but discontinued television series may be produced in another medium, thereby bypassing whatever factors led to the series' cancellation such as Serenity (sequel to Firefly (TV series) ), Downton Abbey: A New Era (sequel to Downton Abbey ), and Veronica Mars (sequel to Veronica Mars ). Some highly popular movies and television series have inspired

8722-497: The same universe as the other work. The Scorpion King , Planes , Minions , Hobbs & Shaw and Lightyear are examples of spin-off movies while Star Trek: The Next Generation , Torchwood and CSI: NY are examples of spin-off television series. A crossover is a work where two previous works from different franchises are meeting in the same universe. Alien vs. Predator , Freddy vs. Jason , The Lego Movie and Deadpool & Wolverine are examples of

8820-453: The scene where John "Bluto" Blutarsky ( John Belushi ) acts as a " peeping tom " to spy on a half-naked pillow fight at a sorority . In 1981, the film Porky's cemented the wide appeal of the sex comedy. Although it would go on to become the fifth highest-grossing film of the year, it proved to be unpopular with critics, with many accusing it of being degrading to women as well as objectifying of them. The film would lead to three sequels and

8918-399: The sequel as it is conceived in the 21st century developed from the novella and romance traditions in a slow process that culminated towards the end of the 17th century. The substantial shift toward a rapidly growing print culture and the rise of the market system by the early 18th-century meant that an author's merit and livelihood became increasingly linked to the number of copies of

9016-445: The teen sex comedy Pantsu no Ana (Hole in her Panties 1984). Yoshimitsu Morita has directed a number of racey comedies including Something Like It (No You na Mono) (1981), Hot Stripper (Maru Hon Uwasa no Sutorippaa) (1982) and 24 Hour Playboy (Ai to Heisei no Iro Otoko) (1989). Director Juzo Itami 's films such as The Funeral , Tampopo and A Taxing Woman are comedies principally about non-sexual topics, but all have

9114-478: The title, making Carry On Loving (1970) the twentieth in the series. Starring "countess of cleavage" Imogen Hassall , the story of a dating agency service is still very innocent stuff. It was followed by Carry On Girls (1973), based around a Miss World -style beauty contest. Next in the series was Carry On Dick (1974), with more risqué humour and Sid James and Barbara Windsor 's on- and off-screen lovemaking. It has often been noted that historically,

9212-434: The working title American Pie 5 , was in consideration in 2012, as the fourth film had done well internationally and Universal had secured a production deal with Hurwitz and Schlossberg . In August 2017, Seann William Scott said in an interview that the fourth film probably had not made enough at the domestic box office to warrant another film. In August 2018, Tara Reid said she met with the directors, with them saying that

9310-565: The workings of a small pornographic film company. In 1970–1 Yuji Tanno and Isao Hayashi directed a number of movies based on Go Nagai 's manga Harenchi Gakuen . Go Nagai 's Kekkou Kamen manga has also been adapted into a movie and several Original Videos. Norifumi Suzuki has directed a number of sex comedies: Ero Shogun to Juuichinin no Aishou (The Erotic Shogun and his 11 Concubines 1972), Onsen Mimizu Geisha (Hot Springs Worm Geisha 1972), Onsen Suppon Geisha (Hot Springs Turtle Geisha 1972) all for big budget studio Toei as well as

9408-403: The year included in the title. Sometimes sequels are released with different titles in different countries, because of the perceived brand recognition. There are several ways that subsequent works can be related to the chronology of the original. Various neologisms have been coined to describe them. The most common approach is for the events of the second work to directly follow the events of

9506-502: Was a major theme, and the couple is sometimes found in flagrante delicto , represented by the stage direction "in disorder." The plays are often characterized by sexually charged banter, "swaggering masculine energy," and a superficially innocent heroine who is nonetheless alluring. This theatrical milieu produced the first woman of the Western tradition who made her living as playwright, Aphra Behn ( The Rover ). Sex comedy embraces

9604-484: Was under way, so "will she or won't she?" could no longer serve as the central dynamic, and filmmakers moved on to different topics. Some may also consider the 1967 film, The Graduate , to be a sex comedy due to the story being about the main character, Benjamin Braddock, being seduced and starting an affair with his family friends' mother, Mrs. Robinson. During the 70's, there were films such as Pretty Maids All in

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