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68-692: The American Red Cross National Headquarters is located at 430 17th Street NW in Washington, D.C. Built between 1915 and 1917, it serves both as a memorial to women who served in the American Civil War and as the headquarters building for the American Red Cross . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965. The national headquarters of the American Red Cross is located in central Washington, D.C. , on

136-429: A distinctive layout and addressing scheme. There are 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of public roads in the city, of which 1,392 miles (2,240 km) are owned and maintained by city government. The District of Columbia was created to serve as the permanent national capital in 1790. Within the district, a new capital city was founded in 1791 to the east of an existing settlement at Georgetown . The original street layout in

204-412: A dream in which he dreamt of founding his new city. A variation of this story claims that he built the new palace to find peace from his wife. Charles William founded the city on June 17, 1715, after a dispute with the citizens of his previous capital, Durlach . The founding of the city is closely linked to the construction of the palace . Karlsruhe became the capital of Baden-Durlach , and, in 1771, of

272-497: A gabled pediment with a red cross at the center. The flanking building bays are articulated by attached Corinthian columns. The main bronze doorways lead into a large central marble entrance hall, with a broad stairway to the second floor. Niches in the hall are filled with sculptural depictions of "Faith", "Hope", and "Charity", executed by Hiram Powers . The Board of Governors room contains three Favrile windows by designer Louis Comfort Tiffany . The windows are notable for being

340-531: A law requiring that future subdivisions built outside of the City of Washington and Georgetown must have streets that conform to the general plan of the City of Washington. However, the law allowed existing streets to remain, contrary to the wishes of the commissioners of the District of Columbia. In 1893, Congress passed a law mandating that existing streets must be changed or moved in order to be in conformity with

408-564: A mayor was appointed from 1718. From 1812 the mayors received the title of Lord Mayor. In addition to the Lord Mayor, there are five other mayors. Mayor for: The Karlsruhe city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: The Verkehrsbetriebe Karlsruhe (VBK) operates the city's urban public transport network, comprising seven tram routes and

476-556: A network of bus routes. All city areas can be reached round the clock by tram and a night bus system. The Turmbergbahn funicular railway , to the east of the city centre, is also operated by the VBK. Similar to a premetro tramlines operating in the city centre use two tramway tunnels that were completed on 11 December 2021. The VBK is also a partner, with the Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft and Deutsche Bahn , in

544-599: A single street-naming system. The boundaries of the District of Columbia with the State of Maryland are marked by Western Avenue , Eastern Avenue , and Southern Avenue . The city's addressing system is best understood in terms of a Cartesian coordinate system with its origin at the Capitol. While the system may appear complex, once learned it allows one to pinpoint not only where one is but also where and how far one may need to travel. For example, one can readily infer from

612-492: A vivid and spreading startup community with well-known startups. Together, the local high tech industry is responsible for over 22,000 jobs. The current mayor of Karlsruhe is Frank Mentrup of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) since 2013. The most recent mayoral election was held on 6 December 2020, and the results were as follows: After the castle was founded in 1715, there was also a settlement in which

680-833: Is a mausoleum rather than a church, and is located in the middle of the forest. The main cemetery of Karlsruhe is the oldest park-like cemetery in Germany. The crematorium was the first to be built in the style of a church. Karlsruhe is also home to a natural history museum (the State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe ), an opera house (the Baden State Theatre ), as well as a number of independent theatres and art galleries. The State Art Gallery , built in 1846 by Heinrich Hübsch , displays paintings and sculptures from six centuries, particularly from France, Germany and Holland. Karlsruhe's newly renovated art museum

748-595: Is concentrated on single evening thunderstorms. In 2008, the weather station in Karlsruhe, which had been in operation since 1876, was closed; it was replaced by a weather station in Rheinstetten , south of Karlsruhe. Karlsruhe is divided into 27 districts. According to legend, the name Karlsruhe , which translates as "Charles' repose" or "Charles' peace", was given to the new city after a hunting trip when Margrave Charles III William of Baden-Durlach woke from

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816-496: Is dedicated to Baden's first constitution in 1818, which was one of the most liberal of its time. The Münze (mint), erected in 1826/27, was also built by Weinbrenner. The St. Stephan parish church is one of the masterpieces of neoclassical church architecture in. Weinbrenner, who built this church between 1808 and 1814, orientated it to the Pantheon, Rome . The neo-Gothic Grand Ducal Burial Chapel, built between 1889 and 1896,

884-476: Is maintained by the university. The Marktplatz has a stone pyramid marking the grave of the city's founder. Built in 1825, it is the emblem of Karlsruhe. The city is nicknamed the "fan city" ( die Fächerstadt ) because of its design layout, with straight streets radiating fan-like from the Palace. The Karlsruhe Palace ( Schloss ) is an interesting piece of architecture; the adjacent Schlossgarten includes

952-531: Is milder, compared to most other German cities, except for the Rhine-Ruhr area. Summers are hot with several days registering maximum temperatures between 35 and 40 °C (95 and 104 °F). With an average of more than 2,000 sunshine hours a year, it is also one of the sunniest cities in Germany, like the Rhine-Palatinate area. Precipitation occurs mainly during the winter, while in summer it

1020-618: Is one of the most important art museums in Baden-Württemberg . Further cultural attractions are scattered throughout Karlsruhe's various incorporated suburbs. Established in 1924, the Scheffel Association is the largest literary society in Germany. Today the Prinz-Max-Palais , built between 1881 and 1884 in neoclassical style, houses the organisation and includes its museum. Due to population growth in

1088-399: Is only possible along radial streets and along circular avenues around the centre. The city centre is the oldest part of town and lies south of the palace in the quadrant defined by nine of the radial streets. The central part of the palace runs east–west, with two wings, each at a 45° angle, directed southeast and southwest (i.e., parallel with the streets marking the boundaries of

1156-424: Is that, until the mid-19th century, the letters "I" and "J" were indistinguishable when written . Following that same idea, "I" Street is often written as "Eye" Street, to distinguish it from the letter "L" and the numeral "1", and "Q" Street is often written "Que", "Cue", or "Queue". Urban legend had said that J Street was omitted deliberately by L'Enfant due to a dispute with John Jay , the first Chief Justice of

1224-426: Is the 30th largest city in Germany measured by land area. The longest north–south distance is 16.8 km (10.4 mi) and 19.3 km (12.0 mi) in the east–west direction. Karlsruhe is part of the urban area of Karlsruhe/Pforzheim, to which certain other towns in the district of Karlsruhe , such as Bruchsal , Ettlingen , Stutensee , and Rheinstetten , as well as the city of Pforzheim , belong. The city

1292-502: Is the last in this series before the Maryland state line. South of the center city, a similar system would be used with streets named after famous Americans or prominent geographical locations. In 1905, the streets east of Rock Creek Park, north of Florida Avenue, and west of North Capitol Street were renamed in conformity with the single street-naming system. Eventually all street names in the District of Columbia were made to conform to

1360-538: The Bundesgerichtshof . The courts came to Karlsruhe after World War II, when the provinces of Baden and Württemberg were merged. Stuttgart , capital of Württemberg, became the capital of the new province ( Württemberg-Baden in 1945 and Baden-Württemberg in 1952). In compensation for the state authorities relocated to Stuttgart, Karlsruhe applied to become the seat of the high court. There are four hospitals: The Karlsruhe Municipal Hospital provides

1428-526: The 49th parallel runs through the city centre, which puts it at the same latitude as much of the Canada–United States border and the cities of Vancouver (Canada), Paris (France), Regensburg (Germany), and Hulunbuir (China). Its course is marked by a stone and painted line in the Stadtgarten (municipal park). The total area of the city is 173.46 km (66.97 sq mi), hence it

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1496-630: The Dachau concentration camp , Gurs concentration camp , Theresienstadt , and Auschwitz during the Holocaust , with 1,421 of Karlsruhe's Jews being killed. During World War II , it was the location of a forced labour camp for men, and a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp, whose prisoners were mainly Poles and Russians . Much of the central area, including the palace, was reduced to rubble by Allied bombing during World War II, but

1564-495: The Karlsruher Virtueller Katalog , the first internet site that allowed researchers worldwide (for free) to search multiple library catalogues worldwide. In 2000, the regional online newspaper ka-news.de was created. As a daily newspaper, it not only provides the news, but also informs readers about upcoming events in Karlsruhe and surrounding areas. In addition to established companies, Karlsruhe has

1632-651: The Turmberg in the east, and also lies on the borders of the Kraichgau leading to the Northern Black Forest . The Rhine, one of the world's most important shipping routes, forms the western limits of the city, beyond which lie the towns of Maximiliansau and Wörth am Rhein in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate . The city centre is about 7.5 km (4.7 mi) from the river, as measured from

1700-704: The U.S. Capitol Building, I-695 links up with I-395 (the Southwest Freeway), a major commuter route extending from New York Avenue to the Beltway and Interstate 95 in Springfield, Virginia . The Inner Loop was a proposed network of freeways in the city center; however, only portions of it were ever built. Today, the "inner loop" is most frequently used to describe the inside lanes of 495—that is, those that travel clockwise around Washington. A convergence indexing based road traffic monitoring system

1768-654: The United States Supreme Court ; however, this was later proven to be a myth. Jay Street NE runs through the Deanwood neighborhood; it does not belong to the series of lettered streets. There are also no X, Y, or Z streets in any quadrant, and most or all of A and B streets are called by other names in the Mall area. During most of the 19th century, each municipality within the federal district maintained its own separate government and street system. With

1836-627: The Woodrow Wilson Bridge . I-66 runs from the eastern edge of Georgetown , connects with the Beltway, and continues through Northern Virginia to I-81 . I-295 comes up from the south starting at the eastern edge of the Woodrow Wilson Bridge on the Beltway and ending at the 11th Street Bridges , where it intersects with I-695 (the Southeast Freeway) to cross the Anacostia River into downtown. Just south of

1904-535: The neoclassical style. The area north of the palace is a park and forest. Originally the area to the east of the palace consisted of gardens and forests, some of which remain, but the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (founded in 1825), Wildparkstadion football stadium, and residential areas have been built there. The area west of the palace is now mostly residential. Karlsruhe experiences an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ) and its winter climate

1972-660: The Baden region of Baden-Württemberg. There are nine institutions of higher education in the city, most notably the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology . Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Airport is the second-busiest airport in Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart Airport , and the 17th-busiest airport in Germany. Karlsruhe lies completely to the east of the Rhine , and almost completely on the Upper Rhine Plain . It contains

2040-541: The Botanical Garden with a palm, cactus and orchid house, and walking paths through the woods to the north. The so-called Kleine Kirche (Little Church), built between 1773 and 1776, is the oldest church of Karlsruhe's city centre. The architect Friedrich Weinbrenner designed many of the city's most important sights. Another sight is the Rondellplatz with its 'Constitution Building Columns' (1826). It

2108-451: The Capitol, and since E is the fifth letter of the alphabet, the 514 address would be between E and F Streets NW. Because J is omitted from the scheme, it is not counted in numbering. Thus, the 900 block is in between I and K Streets, and the 1000 block is in between K and L Streets (even though K is the 11th letter of the alphabet). For the first block of a street as counted from the relevant axis (that is, with house numbers from 1 to 99),

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2176-558: The Mall. Many of the diagonal streets and avenues in Washington are named after states . Some of these streets are particularly noteworthy, such as Pennsylvania Avenue , which connects the White House with the U.S. Capitol and Massachusetts Avenue , a section of which is informally known as Embassy Row from the number of foreign embassies located along the street. There is no J Street in any quadrant. The reason for this

2244-730: The Marktplatz (Market Square). Two tributaries of the Rhine, the Alb and the Pfinz , flow through the city from the Kraichgau to eventually join the Rhine. The city lies at an altitude of between 100 and 322 m (328 and 1,056 ft), the higher figure being near the communications tower in the suburb of Grünwettersbach. Its geographical coordinates are 49°00′N 8°24′E  /  49.000°N 8.400°E  / 49.000; 8.400 ;

2312-554: The address 633 A Street SE that the referenced location is southeast of the US Capitol, one block south of East Capitol Street, on the south side of A Street SE, between 6th and 7th Streets SE. Another example is the White House , located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW : it is located at 16th Street NW ( Lafayette Square ) and Pennsylvania Avenue NW. This works both ways; an address at 514 19th St NW would be on 19th St west of

2380-410: The city posts the word "unit" on a plaque below the street name sign and labels the first block the unit block. This practice differs from most American cities, which post a plaque bearing a zero or a one followed by an arrow. Subsequent blocks are marked in the conventional fashion as "100", "200", and so forth. Address numbers also correspond with a particular side of the street, with odd numbers on

2448-646: The city with the southeastern suburbs in Prince George's County, Maryland . The Whitehurst Freeway , an elevated freeway over K Street in Georgetown, allows US 29 traffic to bypass congested Georgetown between the Key Bridge and K Street downtown. The E Street Expressway connects I-66 with the city's Foggy Bottom area and the areas immediately to the west of the White House . The Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway provides access to downtown from

2516-439: The commissioners of the District of Columbia, the three-member panel that governed the district, said that many of these streets "go nowhere and connect with nothing." The Commissioners said that "If the configuration and architecture of a city has a moral influence upon its residents, the rectification of the irreclaimable obliquity of the... streets is manifestly desirable for more than physical reasons." In 1888, Congress passed

2584-535: The distribution of the central space (originally L-shaped) and other details were inspired by the Spanish royal city of Aranjuez , whose urban plans were widely distributed and where the 1779 treaty was signed. His design also envisioned a garden-lined "grand avenue" approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) in length and 400 feet (120 m) wide in the area that is now the National Mall . The City of Washington

2652-479: The district's street plan. Some property owners were upset that their private property would need to be seized without compensation in order to move streets in conformance with the street plan. The Supreme Court agreed, striking down the law as unconstitutional. In 1893, Congress mandated a new system of highways within the district that conformed to the City of Washington's street plan but left existing streets in place. A separate act of Congress in 1895 required that

2720-466: The east side of a city block bounded by 17th, D, and E Streets NW. This block, on the west side of The Ellipse south of the White House , is entirely devoted to Red Cross facilities. The main headquarters building is a large stone structure, faced in white Vermont marble. It is three stories in height, its third floor recessed behind a balustrade. Its east-facing main facade has a central classical temple portico, with six Corinthian columns supporting

2788-651: The largest suite of Tiffany windows outside a religious building. Unlike many other Tiffany windows, these windows have remained in their original setting. The costs of these windows were donated by two organizations of Civil War women: the Woman's Relief Corps of the North and the United Daughters of the Confederacy . The left panel was based on Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 's poem, "Santa Filomena" that honored

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2856-416: The late 1990, Karlsruhe became known as the internet capital of Germany. The DENIC , Germany's network information centre , has since moved to Frankfurt, though, where DE-CIX is located. Two major internet service providers , WEB.DE and schlund+partner / 1&1 , now both owned by United Internet  AG, are located at Karlsruhe. The library of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology developed

2924-616: The late 19th century, Karlsruhe developed several suburban areas ( Vorstadt ) in the Gründerzeit and especially Art Nouveau styles of architecture, with many preserved examples. Karlsruhe is also home to the Majolika-Manufaktur , the only art-ceramics pottery studio in Germany. Founded in 1901, it is located in the Schlossgarten . A 'blue streak' ( Blauer Strahl ) consisting of 1,645 ceramic tiles, connects

2992-474: The letter W would be two- and then three-syllable names starting with A (e.g., Allison St) ending with W (e.g., Whittier St), and then three-syllable names. Selected names are common across the quadrants. Only in the Northwest Quadrant was a "fourth alphabet" necessary. This fourth alphabet uses botanical names without regard to the number of syllables: Aspen, Butternut, Cedar, etc. Verbena Street NW

3060-561: The maximum level of medical services, the St. Vincentius-Kliniken and the Diakonissen krankenhaus , connected to the Catholic and Protestant churches, respectively, offer central services, and the private Paracelsus-Klinik basic medical care, according to state hospital demand planning. Germany's largest oil refinery is located in Karlsruhe, at the western edge of the city, directly on

3128-518: The new City of Washington was designed by Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant . As a planned city , Washington was modeled in the Baroque style and incorporated avenues radiating out from rectangles, providing room for open space and landscaping. At L'Enfant's request, Thomas Jefferson provided plans of cities such as Amsterdam , Paris , Frankfurt , Karlsruhe and Milan , which he had brought back from Europe in 1788. The twelve radiating avenues,

3196-936: The northern and western ends of the city. Among the major roads in the city are MacArthur Boulevard NW , 14th Street NW , 16th Street NW , 18th Street NW , 7th Street NW , Connecticut Avenue NW , K Street NW , H Street NW , Wisconsin Avenue , M Street NW , H Street NE , Pennsylvania Avenue , Constitution Avenue , Independence Avenue , Massachusetts Avenue , U Street NW , South Dakota Ave NE , North Capitol Street , South Capitol Street , East Capitol Street , Georgia Avenue , Minnesota Avenue , Benning Road , Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue , New York Avenue , and Rhode Island Avenue . While city streets generally do not have route numbers, U.S. Routes 1 , 1 Alternate , 29 , and 50 are routed predominantly or entirely over city surface streets. Karlsruhe Karlsruhe

3264-461: The north–south axis and the eastern portion of the east–west axis are marked by streets with the common name of Capitol Street: North Capitol Street, South Capitol Street, and East Capitol Street. Since an axis runs down the middle of those streets, the addresses on each side are necessarily in different quadrants. The western portion of the east–west axis runs down the Mall. Two avenues, Constitution Avenue and Independence Avenue , line each side of

3332-584: The operation of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn , the rail system that serves a larger area around the city. This system makes it possible to reach other towns in the region, like Ettlingen , Wörth am Rhein , Pforzheim , Bad Wildbad , Bretten , Bruchsal , Heilbronn , Baden-Baden , and even Freudenstadt in the Black Forest right from the city centre. The Stadtbahn is known for pioneering the concept of operating trams on train tracks, to achieve

3400-494: The passage of the Organic Act of 1871 , Congress created a new government for the entire federal district. This act combined the City of Washington, Georgetown , and the unincorporated area then known as Washington County into a single municipality for the whole District of Columbia. Through much of the 19th century, developers of land outside of the center city tended to build streets wherever they liked. An 1887 report of

3468-496: The quadrant defining the city center). The market square lies on the street running south from the palace to Ettlingen . The market square has the town hall ( Rathaus ) to the west, the main Lutheran church ( Evangelische Stadtkirche ) to the east, and the tomb of Margrave Charles III William in a pyramid in the buildings, resulting in Karlsruhe being one of only three large cities in Germany where buildings are laid out in

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3536-436: The quadrants radiate from the U.S. Capitol building. All road names include the quadrant abbreviation to indicate their location, and house numbers are assigned based on the approximate number of blocks away from the Capitol. In most of the city, the streets are set out in a grid pattern with east–west streets named with letters ( e.g. , C Street SW) and north–south streets with numbers ( e.g. , 4th Street NW). Most portions of

3604-400: The right as one faces in the direction of increasing numbers. This works out by quadrant as shown below: Interstate 495 , also known as the "Capital Beltway", creates an artificial boundary for the inner suburbs of Washington and is the root of the phrase " inside the Beltway ". Almost completely circling Washington, D.C., it crosses a tiny portion of the district at its southernmost point at

3672-431: The river Rhine . The Technologieregion Karlsruhe is a loose confederation of the region's cities in order to promote high tech industries; today, about 20% of the region's jobs are in research and development . EnBW , one of Germany's biggest electric utility companies, with a revenue of €19.2 billion in 2012, is headquartered in the city. Due to the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology providing services until

3740-530: The street names in Georgetown be changed to conform to the street naming system used in the City of Washington. However, the old street names were shown on maps as late as 1899. The commissioners of the District of Columbia mandated a new system of naming streets in 1901. Streets running north and south would continue to be numbered. North of Florida Avenue, streets running east and west would be named after famous Americans. The streets would be given one-syllable names in alphabetical order. Alphabetical names after

3808-545: The studio with the Palace. It is the world's largest ceramic artwork. Another tourist attraction is the Centre for Art and Media ( Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie , or ZKM), which is located in a converted ammunition factory. Karlsruhe is the seat of the German Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) and the highest Court of Appeals in civil and criminal cases,

3876-524: The three commissioners appointed by Washington to supervise the capital's construction. Andrew Ellicott , who had worked with L'Enfant surveying the city, was then commissioned to complete the plans. Though Ellicott made revisions to the original plans, including changes to some street patterns, L'Enfant is still credited with the overall design of the city. The district is divided into four quadrants of unequal area: Northwest (NW) , Northeast (NE) , Southeast (SE) , and Southwest (SW) . The axes bounding

3944-575: The united Baden until 1945. Built in 1822, the Ständehaus was the first parliament building in a German state. In the aftermath of the democratic revolution of 1848, a republican government was elected there. Karlsruhe was visited by Thomas Jefferson during his time as the American envoy to France; when Pierre Charles L'Enfant was planning the layout of Washington, D.C. , Jefferson passed to him maps of 12 European towns to consult, one of which

4012-629: The work of Florence Nightingale . The center panel depicts the conception of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement at the Battle of Solferino near Solferino , Italy. The right panel depicts a scene from Edmund Spenser 's poem " The Faerie Queene ". The American Red Cross was founded in 1881 in the aftermath of the American Civil War as a unique public-private partnership for providing disaster relief and medical support for military forces. This headquarters building

4080-619: Was a sketch he had made of Karlsruhe during his visit. In 1860, the first-ever international professional convention of chemists, the Karlsruhe Congress , was held in the city. In 1907 the town was site of the Hau Riot where large crowds caused disturbance during the trial of murderer Carl Hau . On Kristallnacht in 1938, the Adass Jeshurun synagogue was burned to the ground, and the city's Jews were later sent to

4148-610: Was bounded to the north by Boundary Street, now Florida Avenue , at the base of the escarpment of the Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line , to the southeast by the Anacostia River , to the southwest by the Potomac River and to the west by Rock Creek . President Washington dismissed L'Enfant in March 1792 due to L'Enfant's insistence on micromanaging the city's planning, which had resulted in conflicts with

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4216-481: Was built between 1915 and 1917 to a design by Trowbridge & Livingston . It cost approximately $ 800,000 and was dedicated on May 12, 1917. 17th Street (Washington, D.C.) The streets and highways of Washington, D.C. , form the core of the surface transportation infrastructure in Washington, D.C. , the federal capital of the United States . Given that it is a planned city, the city's streets follow

4284-419: Was founded by Charles III William , became a major city in the 19th century. In the 1950s, Karlsruhe became a significant city where the population started to grow. It gained a large student population due to the university of technology and media arts. Karlsruhe reached populations of 200,000 in 1950 and 300,000 in 2014. The Stadtgarten is a recreational area near the main railway station ( Hauptbahnhof ) and

4352-508: Was installed on Washington's highways in 2008. The Anacostia Freeway (DC-295) continues in a northeasterly direction from the point where I-295 ends at its intersection with I-695 near the 11th Street Bridges on the south side of the Anacostia River and links with the Baltimore–Washington Parkway , which eventually becomes Maryland Route 295 , via a short section of Maryland Route 201 . The Suitland Parkway connects

4420-416: Was planned with the palace tower ( Schloss ) at the center and 32 streets radiating out from it like the spokes of a wheel, or the ribs of a folding fan , so that one nickname for Karlsruhe in German is the "fan city" ( Fächerstadt ). Almost all of these streets survive to this day. Because of this city layout, in metric geometry , Karlsruhe metric refers to a measure of distance that assumes travel

4488-435: Was rebuilt after the war. Located in the American zone of the postwar Allied occupation , Karlsruhe was home to an American military base, established in 1945. After the war, the city was part of West Germany until 1990. In 1995, the bases closed , and their facilities were turned over to the city of Karlsruhe. Karlsruhe has a population of about 310,000 and is the 3rd largest city in Baden-Württemberg . Karlsruhe, which

4556-556: Was rebuilt for the 1967 Federal Garden Show ( Bundesgartenschau ). It is also the site of the Karlsruhe Zoo . The Durlacher Turmberg has a lookout tower (hence its name). It is a former keep dating back to the 13th century. The city has two botanical gardens: the municipal Botanischer Garten Karlsruhe , which forms part of the Palace complex, and the Botanischer Garten der Universität Karlsruhe , which

4624-429: Was the capital of the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach ( Durlach : 1565–1718; Karlsruhe: 1718–1771), the Margraviate of Baden (1771–1803), the Electorate of Baden (1803–1806), the Grand Duchy of Baden (1806–1918), and the Republic of Baden (1918–1945). Its most remarkable building is Karlsruhe Palace , which was built in 1715. It contains the Baden State Museum , the large cultural, art and regional history museum of

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