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61-537: Stage Women's War Relief was founded in 1917 to organize charitable giving in support of the war effort. Its founders, led by playwright and director Rachel Crothers , included the actress and playwright Louise Closser Hale and actresses Dorothy Donnelly , Josephine Hull , Minnie Dupree , Elizabeth Tyree and Louise Drew . The organization established workrooms for sewing uniforms and other garments (with total output totaling 1,863,645 articles), set up clothing and food collection centers, sold Liberty Bonds , and opened

122-648: A 1942 weekly radio show and a 1943 movie called Stage Door Canteen . After World War II, the Wing founded The Community Players to assist war veterans and their families on their return home. Co-chair of the Community Players was Katharine Cornell , who was active in the Stage Door Canteen. With the close of the war, the Wing concentrated on holding seminars about American theater , and on funding numerous scholarship grants . It sponsored

183-727: A canteen on Broadway for servicemen. It also presented benefit performances to raise money, including some held in a temporary "Liberty Theater" built outside the New York Public Library . In total, the group raised nearly $ 7,000,000 for the war effort. Shortly after the beginning of World War II in 1939, Rachel Crothers re-established the Stage Women's War Relief as a branch of the British War Relief Society in January 1940; this time adopting

244-465: A government entity, foundation, corporation, or other organization to an individual or organization for a specific purpose. Unlike loans , grants do not need to be repaid, making them an attractive source of funding for various activities, such as research, education, public service projects, and business ventures. Examples include student grants , research grants, the Sovereign Grant paid by

305-421: A political sense. In some plays, her free-spirited young women revert to traditional roles at the end, especially when they are in danger of losing a man they love, and in other plays "Crothers records a sense of disillusionment with the women's movement and a tendency to blame it for deficiencies in women's emotional life." But Crothers wrote in period of rapid social change, as she well knew. "If you want to see

366-441: A public role as an evangelist, for which she is ludicrously ill-equipped. In the end, Susan accepts that she has been deluded by her conversion, that faith and salvation are far more complex than she had acknowledged, and that a more loving and meaningful act would be to help her husband achieve a stable life. Crothers biographer Lois Gottlieb finds the portrayal of the title character "satirical yet ultimately sympathetic." Crothers

427-500: A real world of good intentions and hard facts: true equality is still a pretense, even among liberal men and women, and someone has to take care of the children. The values of the older generation for whom there is nothing to debate (represented by Ann's father) and the values of the New Woman (represented by the fiancée of Tom's assistant who has no intention of giving up her job when she marries) are also effectively noted. He and She

488-668: A specific project or use and will not usually be given for projects that have already begun. Over the years the discipline of writing grant bids has developed into a specialised activity. Many organisations employ fundraising professionals to carry out this work. In the United Kingdom, the fundraising profession is governed by The Institute of Fundraising and is independently regulated by the Fundraising Regulator in England , Wales , and Northern Ireland and by

549-670: A woman's place in the world were a part of Crothers' life from her earliest years. The family intended that their daughters should be educated, and Crothers graduated from Illinois State Normal University in 1891. The following year, she attended the New England School of Dramatic Instruction in Boston, where her passion for the stage was nurtured. Her hopes of moving to New York to seek a career in theater were opposed by her parents, who insisted she return home to Illinois. Her interest in acting continued even there, however, and she

610-625: A young dramatist of serious potential with an interest in the Ibsen-style "social problem drama." Her big break came in 1906, when her first full-length play, The Three of Us, was produced. It enjoyed a 277-performance run at the Madison Square Theatre in New York City. The play received its London premiere at Terry's Theatre on June 10, 1908, with Fannie Ward playing the leading role. From that time on, through

671-445: Is honest about expecting his fiancée to give up her career as a journalist and become a homemaker when they marry (not an agreeable prospect to the young woman); Ann's father, who is dismayed that his daughter would even consider jeopardizing her marriage in this way; and Tom's unmarried sister, who is self-supporting but has achieved this status by not having a husband and children, a loss she regrets. The play ends with Ann arguing that

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732-444: Is no brothel in the play to entertain a voyeuristic audience; there is a clear suggestion that male sexual appetites are the problem, not women's weakness or immorality; and the author expresses some skepticism about reformist intentions in a society wedded to its hypocrisy. Crothers goes further, though: one character (clearly echoing the writer's view) explicitly suggests that the men should be judged as harshly and readily by society as

793-639: The American Theatre Wing for War Relief, which operated the famed Stage Door Canteen, and remained its executive director until 1950. On April 25, 1939, Crothers was awarded the Chi Omega sorority national achievement award by Eleanor Roosevelt, a gold medal award given “to an American woman of notable accomplishments in the professions, public affairs, art, letters, business and finance, or education." According to her biography on Literature OnLine, Rachel Crothers "distinguished herself as one of

854-702: The Scottish Fundraising Standards Panel in Scotland . The grant writing process generally includes searching and proposal-writing for competitive grant funds. Traditional search methods - for example referring to the Charities Aid Foundation Directory of Grant Making Trusts - are quickly becoming replaced by online fundraising tools. Because grants are sometimes received in advance of the activity they are to resource, and would need to be returned to

915-458: The government to students attending post-secondary education institutions . In certain cases, a part of a government loan is issued as a grant, particularly pertaining to promising students seeking financial support for continuing their educations. Grant compliance and reporting requirements vary depending upon the type of grant and funding agency. In the case of research grants involving human or animal subjects, additional involvement with

976-532: The 1940s, Crothers was a major name in the Broadway theater world. Her commercial record was erratic—hits and flops, equally mixed—but she was a productive and respected writer with a considerable body of work to her name by the time she was middle-aged. In 1917, during World War I , Crothers founded and led the Stage Women's Relief Fund. In 1932, she helped found the Stage Relief Fund, a response to

1037-534: The ATW in 1950–1951, was responsible for overseeing the organization of the 1st Tony Awards . The initial presentation of the Wing's Tony Awards program on radio and television was broadcast only locally in New York City. In 1967, it partnered with the League of American Theatres and Producers , now called The Broadway League , to present them on nationwide network television . From 1965 to 1998, Isabelle Stevenson

1098-897: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which focuses on global health and development, and the Ford Foundation, which supports human rights and social justice initiatives. Corporations often establish grant programs as part of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts. These grants support community development, environmental sustainability, and other initiatives that align with the company’s values and business goals. Examples include Google's AI for Social Good program and Walmart's Community Grant Program. Educational grants are provided to support students and educational institutions. These can be merit-based, need-based, or designated for specific fields of study. The Fulbright Program, which offers grants for international educational exchange, and

1159-501: The British people from American businessman including 1,000 coats for women and children and 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg) of coffee in addition to medical supplies and other clothing and materials. Others, encompassing both women and men, soon joined the ATW, including Tallulah Bankhead , Ray Bolger , Clare Boothe , Ilka Chase , Lynn Fontanne , Helen Hayes , Burgess Meredith , Cornelia Otis Skinner , and Clifton Webb . In 1941, with

1220-505: The CanExport program helps businesses expand into international markets by covering expenses related to travel, marketing, and trade shows. Unlike interest-free loans, grants do not need to be repaid, making them an attractive funding option for businesses looking to reduce financial risk. Private foundations provide grants to support various causes, ranging from social services and education to arts and culture. Notable foundations include

1281-676: The Commission in Brussels. Due to the complexity of the funding mechanisms involved and especially the high competitiveness of the grant application processes (14%) professional Grant Consulting firms are gaining importance in the grant writing process. EU grants should not be confused with EU tenders, although there can be some similarities. Another funding body in Europe is the European Research Council established by

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1342-853: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The European Commission provides financing through numerous specific calls for project proposals. These may be within Framework Programmes . Although there are many 7-year programmes that are renewed that provide money for various purposes. These may be structural funds , youth programmes and education programmes . There are also occasional one-off grants to deal with unforeseen aspects or special projects and themes. Most of these are administered through what are called National Agencies, but some are administered directly through

1403-727: The European Commission in 2007: see European Research Council#Grants offered . Similarly there are calls and various projects that are funded by this council. The European Commission and the Council of Europe also operate a joint grant-funding programme. Denmark has an educational universal grant system, SU ( Statens Uddannelsesstøtte , the State Education Fund). It is available to all students from 18 years of age, with no upper limit, who are currently taking courses. There are two systems of SU. In addition to

1464-547: The First American Congress of Theatre (FACT) in 1947, but it is best known in contemporary times for having created, in the same year, The American Theatre Wing's Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , or Tony Awards for short, which it still sponsors and which awards were themselves named for Perry, its co-founder and wartime chair , who had died in 1946. Heims Beck, who was later chairman of

1525-523: The Great Depression, and remained a director until 1951. In 1940, she led in organizing the American Theatre Wing , which operated the famed Stage Door Canteen , and remained its executive director until 1950. She died on July 5, 1958, in Danbury, Connecticut . She never married. Rachel Crothers' plays often dealt with contemporary social themes and moral problems affecting women, including

1586-566: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants for biomedical research are prominent examples. Grants serve a wide array of purposes, each designed to address specific needs or goals. Research grants are essential for advancing knowledge and innovation in various fields, including science, technology, medicine, and social sciences. These grants enable researchers to conduct experiments, collect data, and publish findings that can lead to breakthroughs and new technologies. Agencies like

1647-627: The National Science Foundation (NSF) and the European Research Council (ERC) are major funders of research grants. Educational grants help increase access to education by providing financial support to students and institutions. These grants can cover tuition fees, books, and living expenses, making higher education more accessible to disadvantaged populations. Teacher training and curriculum development programs also benefit from educational grants, improving

1708-673: The Pell Grant in the United States, which helps low-income students pay for college, and the Horizon Europe program, which funds research and innovation projects across Europe. For businesses, government grants are financial contributions provided by federal, provincial, or municipal governments to help businesses achieve specific goals, such as innovation, expansion, job creation, and export development. For example, in Canada,

1769-624: The UK Treasury to the monarch , and some European Regional Development Fund payments in the European Union . Grants can be categorized into several types based on the purpose and the source of funding. Government grants are awarded by federal, state, provincial, local and/or municipal governments to support projects that benefit the public. These can include funding for scientific research, infrastructure development, public health initiatives, and education programs. Examples include

1830-585: The US canteens, servicewomen were denied entry, although this was not the case in the European locations. Lauren Bacall worked as a hostess in the New York Stage Door Canteen, and later recalled seeing Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne washing dishes and serving coffee there. The Andrews Sisters were frequent performers. The Stage Door Canteen made its way into national popular culture with

1891-617: The United States, grants most often come from a wide range of government departments or an even wider range of public and private trusts and foundations. According to the Foundation Center there are over 88,000 trusts and foundations in the country that collectively distribute more than $ 40 billion annually. Conducting research on trusts and foundations can be a slightly more intricate process, often requiring access to subscription-based directories or databases for comprehensive information. Most often, education grants are issued by

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1952-525: The awarding or renewal of contracts and grants, or attempting to influence legislative or regulatory action" would generally not be treated as eligible for grant funding and therefore funded organisations would need to fund these activities in some other way. The Scottish Government has indicated it would not be introducing similar measures. As of 2021, 6 out of the top 10 charities in England and Wales (as measured by expenditure on charitable activities) make grants to individuals and/or organisations. In

2013-617: The board until 2016 when current board chair, the Pulitzer Prize –winning playwright David Henry Hwang , assumed his duties. Angela Lansbury currently serves as honorary chairman and Heather A. Hitchens is president and CEO of the American Theatre Wing. Besides the Tonys, ATW operates an array of programs to support its goals, including: Rachel Crothers Rachel Crothers (December 12, 1870 – July 5, 1958)

2074-784: The creation and preservation of artistic works, the operation of cultural institutions, and the promotion of cultural heritage. Organizations like the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and the Arts Council England provide funding for artists, museums, theaters, and other cultural entities. Environmental grants support projects that protect and restore natural resources, promote sustainable practices, and address climate change. These grants fund activities such as habitat restoration, renewable energy development, and environmental education. Notable examples include grants from

2135-630: The decision to have children, for a woman, changes everything; motherhood must take precedence over a career. Yet He and She manages not to feel like a reactionary or anti-feminist tract. The inherent unfairness of the dilemma the Herfords confront has been well-established, leaving audiences food for thought. Ann's capacities and largeness of spirit have been ably displayed (she is one of the great female characters in American drama c.  1920 ). Most importantly, Crothers has situated her story in

2196-821: The entry of the United States into the war, the organization shifted its focus to the American war effort. Under the leadership of Perry, Heims Beck, and Crothers, the Wing opened the Stage Door Canteen to entertain American servicemen in New York. The first canteen was in the basement of the 44th Street Theatre , and similar entertainment and dining venues were established in Los Angeles, Boston, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Cleveland, Newark, and San Francisco, as well as abroad in London and Paris. In

2257-438: The family's beliefs are put to the test: Can Tom live with his wife's public success and his own very visible failure? Can Ann live with Tom's embarrassment and the effect it may have on their relationship? Will Ann's professional commitments now take her even further from her maternal duties to a teenaged daughter who is already feeling neglected because of her parents' busy work lives? Other characters include Tom's assistant, who

2318-513: The female protagonist, a Nevada mine owner, protests the idea that a woman's "honor" is something men should feel obliged to protect; A Man's World (1910), the story of a woman writer who publishes under a man's name in the hope of greater acceptance; and Young Wisdom (1914), a satire of the New Woman and the idea of trial marriages. Nice People (1921) and Mary the Third (1923) include comic portrayals of flappers (Tallulah Bankhead played one of

2379-579: The flappers in Nice People ), while As Husbands Go (1931) and When Ladies Meet (1933) explore Depression-era attitudes toward women's advancement since suffrage. Crothers' last professionally produced play Susan and God (1937) was her greatest commercial success. The play tells the story of a wealthy, spoiled, and restless woman who finds meaning for her aimless life in an evangelical movement and attempts to convert her Park Avenue friends. She plans to leave her alcoholic husband and daughter to assume

2440-593: The funder if their purpose could not be fulfilled, good accounting practice requires that grant income is not recognised "until there is reasonable assurance that the entity will adhere to the conditions which are attached to the grant". In 2016, the UK Government introduced proposals to include an "anti-lobbying clause" in grant-funding agreements, i.e. payments which "support lobbying or activity intended to influence or attempt to influence Parliament, Government or political parties, or attempting to influence

2501-481: The gender problems modern Americans were confronting in this period of change. Set in 1910, at about the time she originally drafted the play, He and She takes as its protagonists an appealing married couple, Tom and Ann Herford. They are a cosmopolitan pair with careers, a child, and a happy marriage. Tom supports women's rights and is pleased that his wife has demonstrated talent in his own field, sculpture. But when he loses an important sculptural commission to Ann,

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2562-655: The government grant scheme, more than 35,000 grants in Denmark exists, which is the second largest number of foundations in Europe by country. The foundations are estimated to possess 400 billion Danish kroner (US$ 60 billion) in accessible funds. Grant-giving organizations in Ireland include the Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology and Science Foundation Ireland for research grants. Major grant organisations funded and operated by

2623-620: The government include: Grants are made available in the United Kingdom for a variety of business, charitable and research purposes. The biggest grant distributors are government departments and agencies which offer grants to third-party organisations (often a charitable organisation ) to carry out statutory work on their behalf. Other major grant distributors in the United Kingdom are the National Lottery , charitable trusts and corporate foundations (through Corporate Social Responsibility policies). For example, Google contributes to

2684-433: The grants process through its Google Grants programme, where any charitable organization can benefit financially from free Google Ads advertising if they share Google's social responsibility outcomes. Grants are time limited (usually between one and three years) and are offered to implement existing government policies, to pilot new ways of doing things or to secure agreed outcomes. A grant will usually only be given for

2745-404: The most significant American playwrights of the early twentieth century and as an influential force in the development of modern drama." A "genuine trailblazer" was Ethan Mordden's description of her in his history of Broadway, All That Glitters. Crothers, who never married, died in her Danbury, Connecticut , home in 1958 at age 79. Grant (money) A grant is a financial award given by

2806-697: The name the American Theatre Wing (ATW). The revived organization's first and founding members included Mary Antoinette "Toni" Perry , Josephine Hull , Gertrude Lawrence , Theresa Helburn , and Vera Allen ; with Louise Heims Beck serving as the organization's first vice president. They began fundraising and organizing clothing donations to send overseas to the British people and to provide relief for European refugees in America. The organization initially worked from two rooms located inside 30 Rockefeller Plaza . In its first few months of operations they successfully lobbied businesses to donate supplies, with donations to

2867-507: The offending women, while Crothers acknowledges that women's sexual urges are not entirely irrelevant to the predicament she is dramatizing. Reviews for the play were mixed, with many reviewers complaining that Crothers had written too few male parts (only four out of twenty-one characters are men) and focused too exclusively on "the feminine point of view." Other plays by Crothers that deal with female identity and societal pressures to conform include her first, The Three of Us (1906), in which

2928-437: The quality of education. Community development grants aim to improve the quality of life in communities through projects that address issues such as housing, public safety, economic development, and social services. These grants can fund the construction of affordable housing, the establishment of community centers, and programs that provide job training and support to underserved populations. Grants for arts and culture support

2989-452: The sexual double standard, trial marriage , " free love ," divorce, prostitution, and Freudian psychology . Though some of her plays are clear, provocative expressions of sympathy for the challenges twentieth-century women had to confront and present young female characters of boldness and originality, others involve an element of comedy, even parody, and an implied criticism of radical feminism; thus, her work cannot be easily characterized in

3050-715: The sign of the times, watch women," she commented in 1912. "Their evolution is the most important thing in modern life." When The Three of Us was written, the Nineteenth Amendment was fourteen years in the future and relatively few women questioned marital inequities; by the time she ceased writing plays in the late 1930s, the world, at least for middle-class women in the United States, had been altered in profound ways. Crothers' over thirty one-act and full-length plays reflect those changes, more subtly than she has sometimes been given credit for. He and She (1920), for example, illustrates Crothers' nuanced sense of

3111-515: The stage in the decades before the rise of Lillian Hellman in the 1930s. Rachel Crothers opened doors for women in the theater before World War II. She was also known as a philanthropist and activist. She established a number of organizations to improve the welfare of her theatrical colleagues: the United Theatre Relief Committee, the Stage Relief Fund (director from 1932 to 1951), the Stage Women's War Relief Fund, and

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3172-421: The strong roles she created for them, and leading parts in her plays were performed by Ethel Barrymore , Estelle Winwood , Katharine Cornell , Tallulah Bankhead , and Gertrude Lawrence . Crothers broke new ground by directing, staging, and casting most of her own plays. She also directed several plays written by others. Though little-known today, Crothers was regarded as the most successful woman to write for

3233-411: The white slave plays" of the era, Ourselves tells the story of a woman attempting to make a new life after being released from jail but confronted on all sides by people who want her to fall back into her old ways, don't believe that such a goal is possible for a "fallen woman," or profess a good-will that they cannot bring themselves to act on. Like George Bernard Shaw's Mrs. Warren's Profession, there

3294-630: The writers were male, of course, and a borderline-legal but titillating Act I brothel or abduction scene was part of the pattern of these usually formulaic plays. Crothers' approach in Ourselves (1913) was different. She began work on the play in 1912 before the vogue was underway, visited the Bedford Street Reformatory for Women to talk to some imprisoned sex workers, and elected to adopt an entirely female-centered perspective. In what one theater historian has called "the best of all

3355-569: Was a founding member of the Bloomington Dramatic Club. (Her taste in plays was rather advanced for the time: Ibsen's still-scandalous A Doll's House was one of her suggestions for a Club production. ) In 1898, five years after her father's death, Crothers was allowed to realize her dream and move on her own to New York. "I knew no one in New York," she later recalled, "but I had heard of David Belasco and Daniel Frohman , and they were kind enough to answer my letters." That

3416-441: Was an American playwright and theater director known for her well-crafted plays that often dealt with feminist themes. Among theater historians, she is generally recognized as "the most successful and prolific woman dramatist writing in the first part of the twentieth century." One of her most famous plays was Susan and God (1937), which was made into a film by MGM in 1940 starring Joan Crawford and Fredric March . Crothers

3477-712: Was born on December 12, 1870, in Bloomington, Illinois , to Dr. Eli Kirk Crothers and Dr. Marie Louise (de Pew) Crothers. Crothers' mother, an independent-minded woman whose father had been friends with Abraham Lincoln, went to medical school at forty and became one of the first woman physicians in Illinois, encountering and eventually overcoming much opposition to her practice in Bloomington. Though her parents were religious and conservative, with no particular interest in theater, issues of money, equality, risk-taking, and

3538-414: Was encouragement enough and, though the famous producers' help ended there, she left Bloomington for Manhattan, and, with the financial backing of her mother, enrolled in acting classes and found small parts in stock and touring companies. By 1899, Crothers was writing her own one-act plays, and over the next few years, as these plays received showcase productions and good notices, she gained a reputation as

3599-496: Was part of an "old girls' network" of theater professionals that took shape in the 1920s. Asked by Djuna Barnes in a 1931 interview about how she had been able to make a successful career in a male-dominated field, Crothers answered: "For a woman, it is best to look to women for help; women are more daring, they are glad to take the most extraordinary chances...I think I should have been longer about my destiny if I had to battle with men alone." Actresses were especially appreciative of

3660-443: Was performed on Broadway in 1920 to critical approval (though not a strong box-office run) and was revived in New York, in a well-received production, in 1980 and again in 2005. Crothers worked in a context that was both timely and, in some ways, strikingly against the grain. In the years immediately before World War I, for instance, Broadway saw a vogue for plays about white slavery, sexually-transmitted disease, and brothels. Most of

3721-723: Was the president of the ATW. After retiring, she served as chairwoman of the board of directors until her death in 2003. A special non-competitive Tony Award, for humanitarian or charitable work, is named in her honor, and is called The Isabelle Stevenson Award . It is Tony's equivalent to the Motion Picture Academy's Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award . Sondra Gilman succeeded Stevenson as chair and Doug Leeds served as president from 2004 to 2008. When they completed their four-year terms, Theodore S. (Ted) Chapin assumed both roles from 2008 to 2012. In 2012, Tony Award-winning costume designer William Ivey Long became chair of

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