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36-573: The entire Amne Machin range is an eastern extension of the Kunlun Mountains , a major mountain system of Asia. The Amne Machin range runs in the general northwest-to-southeast direction in eastern Qinghai ( Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and the adjacent areas of the Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture ) and the southwestern corner of Gansu 's Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture . The existence of

72-595: A detailed description of the peaks: [T]he Am-nye Ma-Chhen Range has three prominent peaks; the southern pyramid (second highest) is called Spyan-ras-gzigs (Chenrezig), the Avalokitesvara , of which the Dalai Lama is believed to be an incarnation; the central lower peak , a smaller pyramid, Am-nye Ma-Chhen; and the northern, which is the highest, a huge, round, broad dome called dGra-hdul-rlung-shog (Dra-dul-lung-shog) Victor of enemies wind wing ... The dome in

108-734: A plane crash in Inyo County near Eastern Sierra Regional Airport in Bishop, California , at 01:23 am on August 11, 2002. The Rowells were returning from a photography workshop in the Bering Sea area of Alaska on a flight that had originated in Oakland, California . The National Transportation Safety Board determined (NTSB report LAX02FA251) that Reid had only 52 hours in the Aero Commander 690 and only 1.6 hours at night. He

144-731: A section of the Sanjiangyuan ("Sources of Three Rivers") National Nature Reserve . The mountain was known to the ancient Chinese as Mount Jishi ( 積石山 , 积石山 , Jīshíshān ). The Northern Wei -era commentary on the Han -era River Classic stated that the mountain was the site where Yu the Great tamed the Yellow River and that it was considered part of Longxi Commandery , located 1740 li (724 km or 450 mi) from Kunlun Mountain and 5000 li (2,080 km or 1,290 mi) from

180-639: A semi-mythical location in the classical Chinese text Classic of Mountains and Seas . From the Pamirs of Tajikistan , the Kunlun Mountains run east through southern Xinjiang to Qinghai province. They stretch along the southern edge of what is now called the Tarim Basin , the infamous Taklamakan desert, and the Gobi Desert . A number of important rivers flow from the range including

216-515: A set of graduated neutral density filters produced by filter manufacturer Singh-Ray. They were sold under his name and became a standard for dealing with high contrast scenes. Galen Rowell mastered the technique of using balanced fill flash , allowing him to subtly lighten the deepest shadows to match the relatively narrow dynamic range of color reversal film . Rowell, his wife – photographer, author and pilot Barbara Cushman Rowell – pilot Tom Reid, and Reid's friend Carol McAffee were all killed in

252-682: Is crossed by only two. In the west, Highway 219 traverses the range en route from Yecheng, Xinjiang to Lhatse, Tibet. Further east, Highway 109 crosses between Lhasa and Golmud . Over 70 volcanic cones form the Kunlun Volcanic Group. They are not volcanic mountains, but cones. As such, they are not counted among the world volcanic mountain peaks. The group, however, musters the heights of 5,808 metres (19,055 ft) above sea level ( 35°30′N 80°12′E  /  35.5°N 80.2°E  / 35.5; 80.2 ). If they were considered volcanic mountains, they would constitute

288-625: Is the capital of the emperor, and the god of the land." Gu Jiegang divides the Chinese mythology system into the Kunlun system and the Penglai system based on the eastern and western regions. He believes that the myth of Kunlun In mythology, Kunlun Mountain is the birthplace and ancestral place of the Chinese nation. In mythology, Kunlun Mountain is the center of heaven and earth. It goes up to

324-836: The Committee of 100 for Tibet to the World Wildlife Fund . Rowell was particularly keen on seeking out and photographing optical phenomena in the natural world. He referred to his landscape photographs as "dynamic landscapes," due to both the fast-changing nature of light and conditions and his energetic pursuit of the best camera position at the optimal moment. Rowell wrote about the quest for such images in Mountain Light , and also in Galen Rowell's Vision (1993) and Inner Game of Outdoor Photography (2001). A retrospective book on his life, career, and impact on

360-805: The Karakash River ('Black Jade River') and the Yurungkash River ('White Jade River'), which flow through the Khotan Oasis into the Taklamakan Desert . To the south of the Kunlun is the sparsely populated Changtang region, which forms part of the Tibetan Plateau . Altyn-Tagh or Altun Range is one of the chief northern ranges of the Kunlun. Its northeastern extension Qilian Shan is another main northern range of

396-574: The Luo . The massif had long been considered a sacred mountain and a place of pilgrimage, when before the Communist takeover up to 10,000 Golok people would make the 120-mile circumambulation of the mountain each year. The first European to describe the mountain was the British explorer Brigadier-General George Pereira on his expedition on foot from Peking to Lhasa of 1921–2, sometimes reckoned one of

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432-601: The National Geographic estimated the peak elevation to 28,000 feet [8,500 m] according to the report of Joseph Rock , an American botanist and explorer who, despite death threats from the Golog Tibetans, had ventured to within 80 km of the mountain. For a while, the mountains were considered as a possible place for a peak higher than Mount Everest . While Rock only downgraded his estimate publicly in 1956 to "not much more than 21,000 feet", he did give

468-642: The Qilian and Qin Mountains . Recent sources have the Kunlun range forming most of the south side of the Tarim Basin and then continuing east, south of the Altyn Tagh. Sima Qian ( Records of the Grand Historian , scroll 123) says that Emperor Wu of Han sent men to find the source of the Yellow River and gave the name Kunlun to the mountains at its source. The name seems to have originated as

504-594: The Amne Machin, and flows toward the northwest for 200–300 km through several prefectures of the northeastern Qinghai. The Amne Machin Peak (the highest point of the range) is located in Maqên County of Golog Prefecture. Its elevation is estimated to 6,282 metres (20,610 ft). It is ranked number 23 in height among the mountain peaks of China. A part of the range around its highest peak has been declared

540-555: The East ridge of the NE summit to reach the main summit on June 9. They did not see any evidence of an earlier ascent. The very next day Siegfried Hupfauer, Hans Gaschbauer, Franz Lämmerhofer, Gerhard Schmatz and Peter Vogler of an Austro-German expedition reached the summit as well. They had followed the Japanese route and the 3000 feet of fixed rope they encountered en route convinced them that

576-660: The Japanese had been the first to summit. The mountain remained busy that summer, as Kim Schmitz returned to the summit with two Canadian clients on June 12, another Japanese party summited in August, and in September an Australian team climbed the impressive NE face and descended over the 6 km long unclimbed NNE ridge. Kunlun Mountains The Kunlun Mountains constitute one of the longest mountain chains in Asia , extending for more than 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi). In

612-462: The Kunlun extends further northwest-wards as far as Kongur Tagh (7,649 m) and the famous Muztagh Ata (7,546 m). But these mountains are physically much more closely linked to the Pamir group (ancient Mount Imeon ). The Arka Tagh (Arch Mountain) is in the center of the Kunlun Mountains; its highest points are Ulugh Muztagh (6,973 m) and Bukadaban Feng (6,860 m). In the eastern Kunlun Mountains

648-663: The Kunlun. In the south main extension is the Min Shan . Bayan Har Mountains , a southern branch of the Kunlun Mountains, forms the watershed between the catchment basins of China 's two longest rivers, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River . The highest mountain of the Kunlun Mountains is the Kunlun Goddess Peak (7,167 m) in the Keriya area of the western Kunlun Mountains. Some authorities claim that

684-669: The Throne Room of the Mountain Gods about the history of mountaineering on K2 (1977) is considered a classic of mountaineering literature, and his 1986 book Mountain Light: In Search of the Dynamic Landscape is one of the best selling how-to photo books. As an energetic advocate for the causes in which he believed, Rowell served on multiple advisory and directors' boards for organizations ranging from

720-519: The broadest sense, the chain forms the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau south of the Tarim Basin . Located in Western China , the Kunlun Mountains have been known as the "Forefather of Mountains" in China. The exact definition of the Kunlun Mountains varies over time. Older sources used Kunlun to mean the mountain belt that runs across the center of China, that is, Altyn Tagh along with

756-440: The great geographical discoveries of the twentieth century. Pereira, who saw Amne Machin from about 70 miles away, thought its "height must be at least 25,000 feet [7,600 m], and might be anything; it dwarfed all other mountains near it." However, the massif remained unclimbed until 1960. The Amne Machin mountains had been overflown by a few American pilots who overestimated the elevation to 30,000 feet (9,100 m). A 1930 article of

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792-678: The highest peaks are Yuzhu Peak (6,224 m) and Amne Machin [also Dradullungshong] (6,282 m); the latter is the major eastern peak of the Kunlun Mountains and is thus considered as the eastern edge of the Kunlun Mountains. The mountain range formed at the northern edges of the Cimmerian Plate during its collision, in the Late Triassic , with Siberia , which resulted in the closing of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean . The range has very few roads and in its 3,000 km length

828-530: The highest volcano in Asia and China and second highest in the Eastern Hemisphere (after Mount Kilimanjaro ) and one of Volcanic Seven Summits by elevation. (Mount Damavand is the highest volcano in Asia, not the Kunlun cones.) The last known eruption in the volcanic group was on May 27, 1951. Legendary and mystical mountains are a long-standing aspect of Chinese civilization. Kunlun is originally

864-602: The landscape part of the adventure, and the adventure part of the landscape. Rowell won the Ansel Adams Award for Conservation Photography in 1984. He had numerous photographic assignments for Life , National Geographic , Outdoor Photographer , and various other publications. Rowell was also a highly regarded writer on subjects ranging from photography, humanitarian and environmental issues, human visual cognition, and mountaineering , publishing numerous magazine articles and eighteen books in his lifetime. His In

900-600: The name of a mythical mountain believed to be a Taoist paradise . Kunlun is a semi-mythical region not far from the source of the Yellow River. The Kunlun Mountains entered Chinese ideology during the Warring States period (475–221 BCE), and have become closely integrated into Chinese culture. In the Book of Mountains and Seas , the Kunlun Mountains are mentioned: Which means "The hill of Kunlun, which

936-466: The north is the highest part, but it is not so imposing as the large pyramid at the southern end. By 1980 Anyi Machen had been resurveyed at 6,282 metres (20,610 ft). In 1960, a Chinese expedition climbed the mountain, but it was demonstrated in 1980 that this expedition climbed Amne Machin II (Roche's Chenrezig , 6,268 m), 7 km SSE from the highest summit. In 1981, Amne Machin I ( Dradullunshog )

972-476: The ridge results in one of the great bends of the Yellow River . The river first flows for several hundreds of kilometers toward the east and southeast, along the south-western side of the Amne Machin Range. In so doing it crosses the entire length of Golog Prefecture, and reaches the borders of Gansu and Sichuan. Then the river turns almost 180 degrees to the left, passing to the northeastern side of

1008-674: The sky and is the staircase to the sky. The "Kunlun Mythology" system takes Kunlun Mountain as an iconic place, and mainly focuses on the myths and stories of related characters such as the Yellow Emperor and the Queen Mother of the West ( Xi Wang Mu ). Stories such as Kuafu chasing the sun, Gonggong's anger touching Buzhou Mountain, and Chang'e flying to the moon all originate from Kunlun mythology. Mao Dun pointed out: According to legend, King Mu (976–922 BCE, Zhou dynasty )

1044-447: The various worlds he touched was published by Sierra Club Books . From 1968, he used 35mm Nikon cameras and lenses almost exclusively for their reliability and portability. His primary medium was color slide film , beginning with Kodachrome in the late 1960s through the 1980s, and Fuji Velvia following its introduction in 1990. Rowell conceived a technical approach of extending the dynamic range captured on film. He developed

1080-733: The wild so that he could share his experiences with friends and family. After graduating from Berkeley High School in 1958, he stayed in Berkeley to study at the University of California but dropped out to pursue climbing. In 1972, Rowell sold his small automotive business and became a full-time photographer. Within a year, he had completed his first major assignment, published as the June 1974 cover story for National Geographic . The story originated from an invitation by fellow photographer Dewitt Jones to help him on an assignment, when Jones

1116-480: Was an American wilderness photographer, adventure photojournalist and mountaineer . Born in Oakland, California , he became a full-time photographer in 1972. Rowell was introduced to the wilderness at a very young age and he completed his first roped climb in Yosemite Valley when he was 16. For the rest of his life, he climbed mountains and explored landscapes. He began taking pictures on excursions into

Amne Machin - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-413: Was called away and Rowell suggested an ascent of Yosemite National Park 's Half Dome that he documented by himself. When National Geographic received the pictures, they decided to do a story separate from Jones', thus Rowell got his start. He pioneered a new kind of photography in which he was not merely an observer, but considered himself a participant in the scenes that he photographed – he considered

1188-804: Was not certified for carrying passengers at night at the time of the accident. The aircraft crashed during the turn from base to final approach for runway 30, within a quarter mile of the runway threshold. The Rowells' business, Mountain Light Photography Gallery in Bishop, California, continued to operate (owned by Galen's children Nicole Ryan and Tony Rowell, and Barbara's brother Robert Cushman) until October 2017, first under General Manager and Curator Justin Black until June 2009, and subsequently under General Manager Kevin Calder until 2017. Rowell

1224-539: Was reached near-simultaneously by three groups, each of which had been led to believe they were the first and only ones to obtain a permit from the Chinese government. A Japanese expedition approached the summit from the south and put Giichiro Watanabe, Yoshio Yamamoto and Katsumi Miyake on top on May 22, 1981, and five other expedition members 3 days later. Within three weeks, the American climbers Galen Rowell , Harold Knutsen and Kim Schmitz made an Alpine-style ascent over

1260-617: Was the first to visit this paradise. There he supposedly found the Jade Palace of the Yellow Emperor , the mythical originator of Chinese culture, and met Hsi Wang Mu (Xi Wang Mu, the 'Spirit Mother of the West' usually called the ' Queen Mother of the West ') who also had her mythical abode in these mountains. She was the object of a traditional religious cult which reached its peak in the Han dynasty . Galen Rowell Galen Avery Rowell (August 23, 1940 – August 11, 2002)

1296-628: Was the winner of the Sierra Club's Francis P. Farquhar Mountaineering Award for 1977. In 1984, the Sierra Club honored Rowell with the Ansel Adams Award for Conservation Photography. https://www.sierraclub.org/library/collections/fine-art/ansel-adams-award He was inducted into the California Outdoors Hall of Fame preceding his death in 2002. https://www.https://www.cohof.org/biographies/galen-rowell Rowell

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