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77-742: Amruš was born in Brod na Savi , where he completed grammar school. He studied at the gymnasiums in Vinkovci and Zagreb , and then enrolled at the Josephinum, the academy for military doctors in Vienna . Since 1872 he worked in military hospitals in Vienna and Zagreb. After the Austro-Hungarian annexation of Bosnia , he moved to Sarajevo . He returned to Zagreb in 1882, when he also enrolled at

154-482: A Croatian administrative division —it comprises a consolidated city-county (but separate from Zagreb County ), and is administratively subdivided into 17 city districts . Most of the city districts lie at a low elevation along the valley of the river Sava , but northern and northeastern city districts, such as Podsljeme and Sesvete districts are situated in the foothills of the Medvednica mountain, making

231-710: A fortress and a Franciscan monastery with a rich library. The Brod Fortress from the Baroque period, was constructed during the Austro-Hungarian Empire to serve as a stronghold against the Ottoman Empire , which was situated on the other bank of the Sava river. It is in the Vauban style, named after one of the best European experts in the building of fortifications in 17th and 18th centuries. It

308-603: A gasworks . The Zagreb waterworks opened in 1878. After the 1880 Zagreb earthquake , up to the 1914 outbreak of World War I , development flourished and the town received the characteristic layout which it has today. The first horse-drawn tram dated from 1891. The construction of railway lines enabled the old suburbs to merge gradually into Donji Grad , characterized by a regular block pattern that prevails in Central European cities. This bustling core includes many imposing buildings, monuments, and parks as well as

385-508: A metathesis of * Zabreg , which would originate from Old Slavic breg (see Proto-Slavic * bergъ ) in the sense of "riverbank", referring to River Sava. This metathesis has been attested in Kajkavian , but the meaning of "riverbank" is lost in modern Croatian and folk etymology associates it instead with breg "hill", ostensibly referring to Medvednica. Hungarian linguist Gyula Décsy similarly uses metathesis to construct * Chaprakov(o) ,

462-657: A center for entertainment. Close to the square, another attraction is the romantic promenade next to the Sava river - 'Kej' as it is called by citizens of town. Slavonski Brod Synagogue , destroyed during World War II , was among the largest and most prestigious synagogues in Croatia. Slavonski Brod is home to monuments to bishop Josip Stadler and Croatia's first president Franjo Tuđman . Slavonski Brod and its rail station are featured in Agatha Christie 's Murder on

539-467: A diocese. Alongside the bishop's see , the canonical settlement Kaptol developed north of Zagreb Cathedral , as did the fortified settlement Gradec on the neighbouring hill, with the border between the two formed by the Medveščak stream. Today the latter is Zagreb's Upper Town ( Gornji Grad ) and is one of the best-preserved urban nuclei in Croatia. Both settlements came under Tatar attack in 1242. As

616-710: A faculty of philosophy was opened here. The most important annual cultural event in the town is the children's festival 'In the World of the Fairy Tales of Writer Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić ', in April and May. The Brodsko kolo , an annual show of original folklore , is held in mid-June, while the Festival of Patriotic Folk Songs takes place in May. The artistic 'Sava' colony cherishes the tradition of watercolour painting. One of

693-592: A hardfisted person, but in his will he left everything, including two major mansions at Zrinjevac and a rural estate in Zdenčina near Klinča Sela , to the city. He died in Zagreb at the age of 70. He was named an honorary citizen of Zagreb in 1919. His former estate was later turned into an orphanage, which was then named after him. Brod na Savi Slavonski Brod ( pronounced [slǎʋoːnskiː brôːd] , Slavonian Brod ), commonly shortened to simply Brod ,

770-502: A long-standing restriction that forbade the construction of 10-story or higher buildings, most of Zagreb's high-rise buildings date from the 1970s and 1980s and new apartment buildings on the outskirts of the city are usually 4–8 floors tall. Exceptions to the restriction have been made in recent years, such as permitting the construction of high-rise buildings in Lanište or Kajzerica. The wider Zagreb area has been continuously inhabited since

847-577: A multitude of museums, theatres, and cinemas. An electric-power plant was built in 1907. Since 1 January 1877, the Grič cannon fires daily from the Lotrščak Tower on Grič to mark midday. The first half of the 20th century saw a considerable expansion of Zagreb. Before World War I, the city expanded and neighborhoods like Stara Peščenica in the east and Črnomerec in the west grew up. The Rokov perivoj neighbourhood, noted for its Art Nouveau features,

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924-615: A new plan that allowed for the many recent high-rise buildings in Zagreb, such as the Almeria Tower, Eurotower , HOTO Tower , Zagrebtower , Sky Office Tower and the tallest high-rise building in Zagreb Strojarska Business Center . In Novi Zagreb , the neighbourhoods of Blato and Lanište expanded significantly, including the Zagreb Arena and the adjoining business centre. Due to

1001-564: A number of other smaller communities. After the easing of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, thousands of foreign workers immigrated to Zagreb due to the shortage of labor force in Croatia. These workers primarily come from countries such as Nepal , the Philippines , India , and Bangladesh , as well as some European countries including Bosnia and Herzegovina , Serbia , Kosovo and North Macedonia . List of districts by area and population in 2021. Since 14 December 1999 City of Zagreb

1078-508: A precipitation decrease pattern. February is the driest month, averaging 39 mm of precipitation. On average there are 29 days with snowfall, with the first snow usually falling in early December. However, in recent years, the number of days with snowfall in wintertime has decreased considerably. Spring is characterized by often pleasant but changeable weather. As the season progresses, sunny days become more frequent, bringing higher temperatures. Sometimes cold spells can occur as well, mostly in

1155-573: A putative Slavicisation of a Hungarian hypocorism for " Cyprian ", similar to the etymology of Csepreg , Hungary. The most likely derivation is * Zagrębъ in the sense of "embankment" or "rampart", i.e. remains of the 1st millennium fortifications on Grič . In Middle Latin and Modern Latin , Zagreb is known as Agranum (the name of an unrelated Arabian city in Strabo ), Zagrabia or Mons Graecensis (also Mons Crecensis , in reference to Grič (Gradec) ). The most common folk etymology derives

1232-406: A real danger of strong earthquakes. Croatian Chief of Office of Emergency Management Pavle Kalinić stated Zagreb experiences around 400 earthquakes a year, most of them being imperceptible. However, in case of a strong earthquake, it's expected that 3,000 people would die and up to 15,000 would be wounded. In 2020 the city experienced a 5.5 magnitude earthquake , which damaged various buildings in

1309-586: A sign of gratitude for offering him a safe haven from the Tatars, the Croatian and Hungarian King Béla IV granted Gradec the Golden Bull of 1242 , which gave its citizens exemption from county rule and autonomy, as well as their own judicial system . The development of Kaptol began in 1094 after the foundation of the diocese , while the growth of Gradec began after the Golden Bull was issued in 1242. In

1386-457: A train station on M104 railway corridor - it serves as a stop for all trains on international routes which passes through the town (such as Vinkovci - Villach or Zagreb - Belgrade ), also being directly connected by a large number of domestic local and limited-stop services running between the capital city of Zagreb and Vinkovci /( Tovarnik , state border with Serbia ). By regular bus lines from various companies, Slavonski Brod bus station

1463-509: Is 1,217,150. Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from Roman times. The oldest settlement in the vicinity of the city was the Roman Andautonia , in today's Šćitarjevo . The historical record of the name "Zagreb" dates from 1134, in reference to the foundation of the settlement at Kaptol in 1094. Zagreb became a free royal city in 1242. In 1851, Janko Kamauf became Zagreb's first mayor . Zagreb has special status as

1540-416: Is a city in eastern Croatia , near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina . Being one of the principal cities in the historical regions of Slavonia and Posavina , Slavonski Brod is the 7th largest city in the country, with a population of 59,141 at the 2011 census. It is the centre of Brod-Posavina County and a major river port on the Sava river. Although brod means 'ship' in modern Croatian ,

1617-477: Is a city known for its diverse economy, high quality of living , museums , sporting, and entertainment events. Major branches of Zagreb's economy include high-tech industries and the service sector . The etymology of the name Zagreb is unclear. It was used for the united city only from 1852, but it had been in use as the name of the Zagreb Diocese since the 12th century and was increasingly used for

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1694-506: Is abundant and it mainly falls during thunderstorms. With 840 mm of precipitation per year, Zagreb is Europe's ninth wettest capital, receiving less precipitation than Luxembourg but more than Brussels , Paris or London . Compared to these cities, however, Zagreb has fewer rainy days, but the annual rainfall is higher due to heavier showers occurring mainly in late spring and summer. Autumn in its early stage often brings pleasant and sunny weather with occasional episodes of rain later in

1771-509: Is located 197 kilometres (122 miles) southeast of Zagreb and at an elevation of 96 metres (315 feet). It developed at the strategically important crossing over the Sava river toward Bosanski Brod in Bosnia and Herzegovina . The Bosnian city was called Bosanski Brod until 2009. Slavonski Brod is an important intersection of the Posavina part of the highway and a railway junction, since it

1848-577: Is located on the highway linking Zagreb – Lipovac – Belgrade ( E70 , A3) and the Zagreb – Vinkovci – Belgrade railway. The ship port "Brod" on the Sava river is under construction. There is also a new modern highway under construction, on the Pan-European Corridor Vc , which will connect Northern Europe and Hungary with Croatia (through the region of Slavonia), and Bosnia and Herzegovina with Croatia (through

1925-515: Is one of Europe's best preserved fortresses, and also one of the biggest on the former Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier . In a way, it is the continental obverse of Diocletian's Palace in Split , by its monumentality. The city's Franciscan monastery dates from the 18th century, and is also Baroque in style, with exceptional architecture, especially of the church yard, and monastery church interior, with its beautiful altar and paintings. In 1720,

2002-433: Is the capital and largest city of Croatia . It is in the north of the country , along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slovenia at an elevation of approximately 158 m (518 ft) above sea level . At the 2021 census, the city itself had a population of 767,131, while the population of Zagreb metropolitan area

2079-460: Is the center of a built-up area of more than 110,000 inhabitants including Brod in Bosnia, Sibinj , Bukovlje , Brodski Stupnik , Podcrkavlje , Gornja Vrba and Klakar . The following settlements comprise the administrative area of Slavonski Brod: A favorable geographical location, pleasant continental climate, fertile soil and being in the vicinity of the river Sava have all resulted with

2156-559: Is the seat of the central government , administrative bodies , and almost all government ministries . Almost all of the largest Croatian companies , media , and scientific institutions have their headquarters in the city. Zagreb is the most important transport hub in Croatia: here Central Europe , the Mediterranean and Southeast Europe meet, making the Zagreb area the centre of the road, rail and air networks of Croatia . It

2233-602: Is thirsty and orders a girl named Manda to "scoop" water from the Manduševac well (nowadays a fountain in Ban Jelačić Square), using the imperative: Zagrabi, Mando! ("Scoop, Manda!"). The oldest known settlement located near present-day Zagreb, the Roman town of Andautonia , now Ščitarjevo , existed between the 1st and the 5th centuries AD. The first recorded appearance of the name "Zagreb" dates from 1094, at which time

2310-467: Is well connected with the surrounding villages, municipalities and cities in Slavonia, such as: Đakovo , Požega and Nova Gradiška , as well as with all major cities throughout Croatia: Pula , Rijeka , Umag , Poreč , Rovinj , Osijek , Zagreb, Karlovac , Zadar , Split , Šibenik , etc. From the international lines there are regular departures in the direction of Germany and Switzerland . In

2387-583: The Djuro Djakovic consortium, consisting of a number of factories producing very diverse products, mainly for export. The consortium is capable of producing: locomotives , tramways, wagons, bridges, industrial plants, nuclear reactors, car parts, heavily armed vehicles, armoured fighting vehicles , including main battle tanks and mine warfare vehicles, agricultural machinery, etc. Service industries are becoming rapidly important, especially tourism. The city has an important cultural heritage, including

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2464-756: The Zagreb County . Zagreb metropolitan area makes approximately a quarter of a total population of Croatia . In 1997, the City of Zagreb itself was given special County status, separating it from Zagreb County, although it remains the administrative centre of both. The majority of its citizens are Croats making up 93.53% of the city's population (2021 census). The same census records around 49,605 residents belonging to ethnic minorities : 12,035 Serbs (1.57%), 6,566 Bosniaks (0.86%), 3,475 Albanians (0.45%), 2,167 Romani (0.28%), 1,312 Slovenes (0.17%), 1,036 Macedonians (0.15%), 865 Montenegrins (0.11%), and

2541-602: The international airport ( Pleso ) were built south of the Sava river. The largest industrial zone (Žitnjak) in the south-eastern part of the city, represents an extension of the industrial zones on the eastern outskirts of the city, between the Sava and the Prigorje region. Zagreb hosted the Summer Universiade in 1987. This event initiated the creation of pedestrian-only zones in the city centre and extensive new sport infrastructure, lacking until then, all around

2618-473: The 16th century. The first geographer who located the position of Marsonia at the locality of Brod was Abraham Ortelius , who, in his atlas Theatrum orbis terrarum ( Antwerp 1590) published a map, the objective of which was to reconstruct and connect the antic names of Panonian and Illyric settlements with the towns of that time. It was he who placed Marsonia at today's location of Brod. Peutinger's table clearly shows that Marsonia initially existed next to

2695-498: The City of Slavonski Brod while Bosniaks of Croatia elected individual representative. The city's economy is based on farming, viticulture, fruit growing, metal-processing, timber (furniture wood, parquetry ), textiles (ready-made), leather, foodstuffs (brewery), building material ( lime ), and printing industries. Slavonski Brod is also home to some of the most important metal companies in Southeastern Europe,

2772-737: The Faculty of Law at the University of Zagreb . While in Zagreb, he joined the Independent People's Party and in 1889 he became a member of the Croatian Parliament where he would serve until 1903. He received a law doctorate in 1890. The same year he was named the mayor of Zagreb. In his capacity as mayor, he brought Nikola Tesla back from the United States in an effort to get the city electric lighting , but

2849-703: The Orient Express as the place near which the Orient Express train breaks down. Slavonski Brod has very well developed educational institutions in pre-school, primary, secondary and higher education. The city also hosts the University of Slavonski Brod , and the Primary School Teacher Training College. Some other faculties are expected to be opened soon. In October 2006. an associate-degree college has been founded with several other faculties. Slavonski Brod has

2926-493: The Sava river began, resulting in Novi Zagreb (Croatian for New Zagreb ), originally called "Južni Zagreb" ( Southern Zagreb ). From 1999 Novi Zagreb has comprised two city districts : Novi Zagreb – zapad ( New Zagreb – West ) and Novi Zagreb – istok ( New Zagreb – East ) The city also expanded westward and eastward, incorporating Dubrava , Podsused, Jarun , Blato , and other settlements. The cargo railway hub and

3003-535: The Sava river, at the place where the Roman road crossed the river. The first Croatian expert, claiming that the Roman MARSVNNIA was located where Brod is now is Matija Petar Katančić , giving this assertion additional support. The Slavs settled in the area of the city in the 6th century. The name of the town is mentioned for the first time in Bela IV of Hungary 's charter, dated 1224. The Vukovac fortress

3080-678: The administration of the Brooder Grenz-Infanterie-Regiment N°VII until 1881. A huge Vauban type fortress was built east of Vukovac. Alongside its defence role the city saw steady development of crafts and commerce. The education and culture were strongly dominated by the Franciscans . The 20th century was a period of strong economic growth of the city, with the 1920s being called "the Golden Age of Brod". The city's current name dates from 1934 when it

3157-424: The attractions of Slavonski Brod is a beautiful central town square, one of the two or three biggest in all of Croatia, Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić square, named after a popular children's writer, whose house is on the square. This square is also home to numerous cultural events and has a perfect view of the beautiful Sava river. The square is also dotted with galleries, book stores, cafes, night clubs, and shops, making it

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3234-589: The city being inhabited since a prehistoric age. The northeastern part of the city, at Galovo, recently revealed a rich deposit of the Starčevo culture , dating in the Early Stone Age. Besides the fact that this is the largest archaeological finding in northern Croatia, it proves that the locality of Brod has been inhabited for at least 8,000 years. The first historical settlement in Brod dates from Roman times,

3311-539: The city center, and during this time the company Zagrebački zbor was started, the precursor to the Zagreb Fair . In 1911, ban Nikola Tomašić named him his deputy for matters of religion and education. In that role, Amruš started an effort to found technical faculties at the Universities, but could not achieve that goal until the end of World War I in 1918. Amruš had no children and was in fact known as

3388-533: The city existed as two different city centers: the smaller, eastern Kaptol , inhabited mainly by clergy and housing Zagreb Cathedral , and the larger, western Gradec , inhabited mainly by craftsmen and merchants. In 1851 the Ban of Croatia , Josip Jelačić , united Gradec and Kaptol; the name of the main city square, Ban Jelačić Square honors him. While Croatia formed part of Yugoslavia (1918 to 1991), Zagreb remained an important economic centre of that country, and

3465-439: The city in the 17th century. The name is first recorded in a charter by Felician, Archbishop of Esztergom , dated 1134, mentioned as Zagrabiensem episcopatum . The name is probably derived from Proto-Slavic word * grębъ which means "hill" or "uplift". An Old Croatian reconstructed name * Zagrębъ is manifested through the city's former German name, Agram . Some linguists ( e.g. Nada Klaić , Miroslav Kravar ) propose

3542-512: The city's geographical image quite diverse. The city extends over 30 km (19 mi) east-west and around 20 km (12 mi) north-south. Zagreb ranks as a global city , with a 'Beta-' rating from the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . The transport connections, the concentration of industry, scientific, and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia. Zagreb

3619-673: The city's name bears witness to an older meaning - 'water crossing', ' ford '. Among the names historically in use: Marsonia in the Roman Empire , Brood (in Slawonien) in the German speaking Austrian period, Brod na Savi after 1934. The ancient name "Marsonia" probably comes from the Proto-Indo-European word *mory (marsh), and the same root is seen in the nearby toponyms such as "Mursa" and "Mariniana". The city

3696-575: The city, and 130 bombs were dropped from the air, resulting in the deaths of 116 civilians, including 27 children. Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Roma and Serbs of Croatia fulfilled legal requirements to elect 15 members minority councils of

3773-421: The city. During the 1991–1995 Croatian War of Independence , the city saw some sporadic fighting around its JNA army barracks , but escaped major damage. In May 1995, it was targeted by Serb rocket artillery in two rocket attacks which killed seven civilians and wounded many. An urbanized area connects Zagreb with the surrounding towns of Zaprešić , Samobor , Dugo Selo , and Velika Gorica . Sesvete

3850-461: The coastal region of Dalmatia ). The alignment of this highway is approximately at a 19 km (12 mi) distance from the center of the town. With the completion of this route, the area of the town Slavonski Brod will become one of the major highway intersections in this part of Europe connecting directions west–east and north–south. Slavonski Brod is the sixth largest city in Croatia, after Zagreb , Split , Rijeka , Osijek and Zadar . Brod

3927-520: The conflicts between Gradec and Kaptol, there were several massacres of the citizens, destruction of houses and looting of citizens. In 1850, Gradec and Kaptol, with surrounding settlements, were united into a single settlement, today's city of Zagreb. There were numerous connections between the Kaptol diocese and the free sovereign town of Gradec for both economic and political reasons, but they were not known as an integrated city, even as Zagreb became

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4004-443: The early 17th century, but it is visited during the year. Zagreb occasionally experiences earthquakes, due to the proximity of Žumberak - Medvednica fault zone. It's classified as an area of high seismic activity. The area around Medvednica was the epicentre of the 1880 Zagreb earthquake (magnitude 6.3), and the area is known for occasional landslide threatening houses in the area. The proximity of strong seismic sources presents

4081-448: The first grammar school , the St. Catherine's Church (built 1620-1632 ) and monastery. In 1669, they founded an academy where philosophy, theology, and law were taught, the forerunner of today's University of Zagreb . During the 17th and 18th centuries, Zagreb was badly devastated by fire and by the plague . In 1776, the royal council (government) moved from Varaždin to Zagreb and during

4158-407: The historic downtown area. The city's iconic cathedral lost the cross off of one of its towers. This earthquake was the strongest one to affect the city since the destructive 1880 Zagreb earthquake . Zagreb is by far the largest city in Croatia in terms of population, which was 767,131 in 2021. Zagreb metropolitan area population is slightly above 1.0 million inhabitants, as it includes

4235-466: The history of the city of Zagreb, there have been numerous conflicts between Gradec and Kaptol, mainly due to disputed issues of rent collection and due to disputed properties. The first known conflicts took place in the middle of the 13th century and continued with interruptions until 1667. Because of the conflict, it was recorded that the Bishop of Kaptol excommunicated the residents of Gradec twice. In

4312-429: The immediate surroundings of the town there are interesting hunting grounds ( Migalovci ), fishponds ( Jelas Polje ), and a lake ( Petnja ). There are pleasant orchards and vineyards , Dilj mountain (or 'Dilj Gora'), and swimming opportunities. Slavonski Brod has a warm-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ). The European Environment Agency reported in 2023 that Slavonski Brod has

4389-458: The name of the city has been from the verb stem za - grab- , meaning "to scoop" or "to dig". A folk legend illustrating this derivation, attested but discarded as a serious etymology by Ivan Tkalčić , ties the name to a drought of the early 14th century, during which Augustin Kažotić (c. 1260–1323) is said to have dug a well which miraculously produced water. In another legend, a city governor

4466-619: The north is the Medvednica Mountain ( Croatian : Zagrebačka gora ), with its highest peak Sljeme (1,035 m), where one of the tallest structures in Croatia, Zagreb TV Tower is located. The Sava and the Kupa valleys are to the south of Zagreb, and the region of Hrvatsko Zagorje is located on the other (northern) side of the Medvednica hill. In mid-January 2005, Sljeme held its first World Ski Championship tournament . From

4543-481: The political center, and the regional Sabor ( Latin : Congregatio Regnorum Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae ) representing Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia , first convened at Gradec. Zagreb became the Croatian capital in 1557, with city also being chosen as the seat of the Ban of Croatia in 1621 under ban Nikola IX Frankopan . At the invitation of the Croatian Parliament , the Jesuits came to Zagreb and built

4620-1291: The poorest outdoor air quality of 372 European cities, based on average concentration levels of fine particulate matter , (or PM2.5 ) over the past two calendar years. The two-year average concentration of PM2.5 was reported to be 26.5μg/m , which is considered as "very poor" in the categories laid out in Directive_2008/50/EC . Slavonski Brod is twinned with: Bjelovar , Bjelovar-Bilogora Slavonski Brod , Brod-Posavina Dubrovnik , Dubrovnik-Neretva Pazin , Istria Karlovac , Karlovac Koprivnica , Koprivnica-Križevci Krapina , Krapina-Zagorje Gospić , Lika-Senj Čakovec , Međimurje Osijek , Osijek-Baranja Požega , Požega-Slavonia Rijeka , Primorje-Gorski Kotar Sisak , Sisak-Moslavina Split , Split-Dalmatia Šibenik , Šibenik-Knin Varaždin , Varaždin Virovitica , Virovitica-Podravina Vukovar , Vukovar-Srijem Zadar , Zadar Zagreb , Zagreb Zagreb Zagreb ( / ˈ z ɑː ɡ r ɛ b / ZAH -greb Croatian: [zǎːɡreb] )

4697-584: The prehistoric period, as witnessed by archaeological findings in the Veternica cave from the Paleolithic and excavation of the remains of the Roman Andautonia near the present village of Šćitarjevo. Picturesque former villages on the slopes of Medvednica, Šestine, Gračani, and Remete, maintain their rich traditions, including folk costumes, Šestine umbrellas, and gingerbread products. To

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4774-664: The reign of the Emperor Joseph II Zagreb became the headquarters of the Varaždin and Karlovac general command. In the 19th century, Zagreb was the center of the Croatian National Revival and saw the foundation of important cultural and historic institutions. In 1850, the town was united under its first mayor – Janko Kamauf . The first railway line to connect Zagreb with Zidani Most and Sisak opened in 1862 and in 1863 Zagreb received

4851-595: The season's early stages. The average daily mean temperature in the winter is around 1 °C (34 °F) (from December to February) and the average temperature in the summer is 20 °C (68.0 °F). The highest recorded temperature at the Maksimir weather station was 40.4 °C (104.7 °F) in July 1950, and lowest was −27.3 °C (−17.1 °F) in February 1956. A temperature of −30.5 °C (−22.9 °F)

4928-429: The season. Late autumn is characterized by a mild increase in the number of rainy days and a gradual decrease in daily temperature averages. Morning fog is common from mid-October to January, with northern city districts at the foothills of the Medvednica mountain as well as south-central districts along the Sava river being more prone to longer fog accumulation. Winters are relatively cold, bringing overcast skies and

5005-426: The settlement being known as Marsonia . It is still disputed whether Marsonia was a postal station, lodging for the night or an actual settlement. The Peutinger map refers to Marsonia as Marsonie, while the work " Notitia Dignitatum " has Marsonia under the name of "Auxilia Ascaria Tauruno sive Marsonia". The issue of Marsonia becoming a city has been tackled by the publishers of Ptolemy 's geography , dating from

5082-429: The summit, weather permitting, the vista reaches as far as Velebit Range along Croatia's rocky northern coast, as well as the snow-capped peaks of the towering Julian Alps in neighboring Slovenia . There are several lodging villages, offering accommodation and restaurants for hikers. Skiers visit Sljeme, which has four ski-runs, three ski-lifts, and a chairlift. The old Medvedgrad , a recently restored medieval burg

5159-457: The town. In 1926, the first radio station in the region began broadcasting from Zagreb, and in 1947 the Zagreb Fair opened. During World War II, Zagreb became the capital of the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945), which was backed by Nazi Germany and by the Italians . The history of Zagreb in World War II became rife with incidents of régime terror and resistance sabotage - the Ustaša régime had thousands of people executed during

5236-443: The war in and near the city. Partisans took the city at the end of the war. From 1945 until 1990, Zagreb functioned as the capital of the Socialist Republic of Croatia , one of the six constituent socialist republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . The area between the railway and the Sava river witnessed a new construction-boom after World War II. After the mid-1950s, construction of new residential areas south of

5313-417: Was built in the 13th century on Medvednica hill. It overlooks the western part of the city and also hosts the Shrine of the Homeland , a memorial with an eternal flame , where Croatia pays reverence to all its heroes fallen for homeland in its history, customarily on national holidays . The ruined medieval fortress Susedgrad is located on the far-western side of Medvednica hill. It has been abandoned since

5390-422: Was built in the 15th century, subsequently damaged by the Turks. The Ottoman Empire controlled the settlement from 1536 until 1691, when it was ceded to the Empire of Austria , as confirmed by the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. Until 1918, Brod (named Brood before 1850) remained in the Austrian monarchy ( Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia after the compromise of 1867 ), in the Slavonian Military Frontier , under

5467-433: Was changed from Brod na Savi. From 1941 to 1945 the city was part of the Independent State of Croatia . The town was heavily bombed by the Allies in 1944 and 1945. The bombing resulted in damage to 80% of the buildings in Slavonski Brod. The bombing resulted in 897 civilian deaths, 244 military deaths, 208 wounded civilians, and 28 military wounded in Slavonski Brod and Bosanski Brod . Historical Archive of Slavonski Brod

5544-408: Was established at the start of the century. After the war, working-class districts such as Trnje emerged between the railway and the Sava , whereas the construction of residential districts on the hills of the southern slopes of Medvednica was completed between the two World Wars . In the 1920s, the population of Zagreb increased by 70 percent – the largest demographic boom in the history of

5621-917: Was established in the city in 1959. In 1990 democratic reforms legalised the formation of political parties other than the League of Communists of Croatia. In Slavonski Brod, the first parties formed were the Croatian Democratic Union and the Croatian Democratic Party . During the Yugoslav wars , Slavonski Brod came under heavy bombardment from Bosnian Serb forces, positioned across the border in Bosanska Posavina , between April and October 1992, during Operation Corridor 92 . A total of 11,651 artillery shells and fourteen 9K52 Luna-M rockets were fired against

5698-520: Was recorded on the since defunct Borongaj Airfield in February 1940. The most important historical high-rise constructions are Neboder (1958) on Ban Jelačić Square , Cibona Tower (1987), and Zagrepčanka (1976) on Savska Street, Mamutica in Travno ( Novi Zagreb – istok district, built in 1974) and Zagreb TV Tower on Sljeme (built in 1973). In the 2000s, the City Assembly approved

5775-719: Was the first and the closest area to become a part of the agglomeration and is already included in the City of Zagreb for administrative purposes and now forms the easternmost city district. The climate of Zagreb is classified as an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ), bordering a humid continental climate ( Dfb ). Zagreb has four separate seasons. Summers are generally warm, sometimes hot. In late May it gets significantly warmer, temperatures start rising and it often becomes very warm or even hot with occasional afternoon and evening thunderstorms. Heatwaves can occur but are short-lived. Temperatures rise above 30 °C (86 °F) on average 14.6 days each summer. During summertime, rainfall

5852-648: Was the second largest city. After Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia ( Croatian : Sabor Republike Hrvatske ) proclaimed Zagreb as the capital of the Republic of Croatia. The history of Zagreb dates as far back as 1094 A.D. when the Hungarian King Ladislaus , returning from his campaign against the Kingdom of Croatia , founded

5929-464: Was unsuccessful. The Zagreb Main Station was built during this time. His first mayoral term ended in 1892. In 1904, he was elected mayor again. His second term was much longer and much more fruitful than the first one. During it, the electrification of Zagreb was completed on October 17, 1907. The city also got a new maternity hospital, and the first public restrooms . The gasworks was moved out of

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