The Amseldell is a former park -like leisure area about two kilometres west of the German town of Trippstadt in the Palatine Forest in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate .
36-600: The Amseldell lies in field parcel ( Gewann ) of the same name in the middle of the forest, to the left of and above the near-natural valley of the Karlstal through which the Moosalb stream flows. The paths climbing from the valley are barely discernable today. One of them begins diagonally opposite the lower entrance to the Karlstal gorge. This narrow track runs past a rock cave on the left-hand side. The rock, which acts as
72-503: A Philhellene the Greek War of Independence , in which he provided a loan of 1.5 million florins from his private funds. In 1817 Ludwig was also involved in the fall of Prime Minister Count Max Josef von Montgelas whose policies he had opposed. He succeeded his father on the throne in 1825. Ludwig's rule was strongly affected by his enthusiasm for the arts and women and by his overreaching royal assertiveness. An enthusiast for
108-734: The Battle of Abensberg on 20 April. With the Treaty of Ried of 8 October 1813 Bavaria left the Confederation of the Rhine and agreed to join the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon in exchange for a guarantee of her continued sovereign and independent status. On 14 October, Bavaria made a formal declaration of war against Napoleonic France . The treaty was passionately backed by Crown Prince Ludwig and by Marshal von Wrede . Already at
144-524: The Biebermühl Railway , there was once a halt called Karlsthal , which through lack of profitability was closed. Since its closure the nearest station has been Schopp . Ludwig I of Bavaria Ludwig I or Louis I ( German : Ludwig I. ; 25 August 1786 – 29 February 1868) was King of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states . When he was crown prince, he
180-558: The German Mediatization of 1803. In 1815, Baden's possession of Manheim and Heidelberg was confirmed and only the left bank territories were given back to Bavaria. Ludwig founded the city of Ludwigshafen there as a Bavarian rival to Mannheim. Ludwig moved the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität from Landshut to Munich in 1826. The king also encouraged Bavaria's industrialization. He initiated
216-669: The July Revolution of 1830 in France, Ludwig's previous liberal policy became more and more repressive. The Hambacher Fest in 1832 revealed the discontent of the population caused by high taxes and censorship. In connection with the unrest of May 1832, some 142 political trials were initiated. The seven death sentences that were pronounced were commuted to long-term imprisonment by the king. About 1,000 political trials were to take place during Ludwig's reign. The strict censorship, which he had reinstated after having abolished it in 1825,
252-666: The Ludwig Canal between the rivers Main and the Danube . In 1835 the first German railway was constructed in his domain, between the cities of Fürth and Nuremberg . Bavaria joined the Zollverein in 1834. As Ludwig had supported the Greek fight of independence his second son Otto was elected king of Greece in 1832. Otto's government was initially run by a three-man regency council made up of Bavarian court officials. After
288-594: The Palatine Forest in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate . It is registered as a nature reserve - number 335 055 - under the name of Karlstalschlucht ("Karlstal Gorge"). The Karlstal lies about 10 kilometres south of the German city of Kaiserslautern near the climatic spa of Trippstadt. There is a footpath running through the Karlstal Gorge, a ravine which is roughly 3 kilometres long. Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell , who laid out
324-1007: The Walhalla temple , the Befreiungshalle , the Villa Ludwigshöhe , the Pompejanum , the Ludwigstraße , the Bavaria statue , the Ruhmeshalle , the Glyptothek , the Old and the New Pinakothek . His architects Leo von Klenze and Friedrich von Gärtner also strongly influenced the cityscape of modern Athens . Already as crown prince Ludwig collected Early German and Early Dutch paintings, masterpieces of
360-712: The 1815 Congress of Vienna , Ludwig advocated a German national policy. Until 1816 the crown prince served as governor-general of the Duchy of Salzburg , whose cession to Austria he strongly opposed. His second son Otto , the later King of Greece, was born there. Between 1816 and 1825, he spent his years in Würzburg . He also made numerous trips to Italy and stayed often in the Villa Malta [ de ] in Rome, which he later also bought (1827). Ludwig supported generously as
396-763: The Cabinet now turned against Ludwig. He had to sign the so-called "March Proclamation" with substantial concessions. On 16 March 1848 it was followed by renewed unrest because Lola Montez had returned to Munich after a short exile. Ludwig had to let her be searched by the police on 17 March, which was the worst humiliation for him. Not willing to rule as a constitutional monarch , Ludwig abdicated on 20 March 1848 in favour of his eldest son, Maximilian . Ludwig lived for another 20 years after his abdication and remained influential, especially as he continued several of his cultural projects. For most of his time in Munich his residence
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#1732790720176432-674: The German Middle Ages, Ludwig ordered the re-erection of several monasteries in Bavaria which had been closed during the German mediatisation . He reorganized the administrative regions of Bavaria in 1837 and re-introduced the old names Upper Bavaria , Lower Bavaria , Franconia , Swabia , Upper Palatinate and Palatinate . He changed his royal titles to Ludwig, King of Bavaria, Duke of Franconia, Duke in Swabia and Count Palatine of
468-739: The German name for Bavaria today is spelled "Bayern" instead of "Baiern", while the German dialect spoken there has retained its original spelling "Bairisch"—note the I versus the Greek-derived Y . Ludwig was an eccentric and notoriously bad poet. He would write about anything, no matter how trivial, with strings of rhyming couplets. For this, the king was teased by Heinrich Heine who wrote several mocking poems in Ludwig's style. Ironically, Ludwig's Walhalla temple added Heine's bust to its collection in 2009. In private life Ludwig was, in spite of his royal assertiveness, modest and companionable and
504-657: The Italian renaissance, and contemporary art for his museums and galleries. He also placed special emphasis on collecting Greek and Roman sculpture. Through his agents, he managed to acquire such pieces as the Medusa Rondanini , the Barberini Faun , and, in 1813, the figures from the Temple of Aphaea on Aegina . One of his most famous conceptions is the celebrated "Schönheitengalerie" (Gallery of Beauties) , in
540-695: The Rhine , the Arch-Steward of the Empire , and Duke of Berg on the extinction of the Sulzbach line with the death of the elector Charles Theodore . His father assumed the title of King of Bavaria on 1 January 1806. Starting in 1803 Ludwig studied in Landshut where he was taught by Johann Michael Sailer and in Göttingen . On 12 October 1810 he married Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1792–1854),
576-557: The Rhine . His successors kept these titles. Ludwig's plan to reunite the eastern part of the Palatinate with Bavaria could not be realized. The Electoral Palatinate , a former dominion of the Wittelsbach, had disappeared under Napoleon when France first annexed the left bank of the Rhine, including about half of the Palatinate, and then gave what remained on the right bank including, Mannheim and Heidelberg , to Baden during
612-698: The arts and commissioned several neoclassical buildings , especially in Munich . He was an avid collector of arts, amassing paintings from the Early German and Early Dutch periods as well as Graeco-Roman sculptures. All living legitimate agnatic members of the House of Wittelsbach descend from him. Born in the Zweibrücker Hof in Straßburg as Ludwig Karl August von Pfalz-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken , he
648-533: The attitude of Caroline's stepson Ludwig I, who had been a strong opponent of Protestantism in spite of his marriage to a Protestant princess, Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. The Ultramontanes' regime only ended due to their demands against the naturalization of Ludwig I's Irish-born mistress Eliza Gilbert (better known by her stage name Lola Montez ). Ludwig resented that move, and the Ultramontanes under Karl von Abel were pushed out. Already in 1844, Ludwig
684-536: The daughter of Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen . The wedding was the occasion of the first-ever Oktoberfest . Ludwig strongly rejected the alliance of his father with Napoleon I of France but in spite of his anti-French politics the crown prince had to join the emperor's wars with allied Bavarian troops in 1806. As commander of the 1st Bavarian Division in VII Corps, he served under Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre in 1809. He led his division in action at
720-525: The first landscape garden in Germany, was involved in the conversion and extension of the gardens of Trippstadt House in the 1780s. Whilst there, he got to know the nearby Karlstal and described it thus: One of the most beautiful valleys of this type that I have seen ..., lying in the Barony of Trippstadt ..., then known as the Karlstal. Subsequently, Sckell undertook alterations over the central part of
756-573: The forest and cultural-historical footpaths and leads to the Amseldell. The path starts in the hamlet of Johanniskreuz and was waymarked in 1997 under the motto "track search" ( Spurensuche ). A flyer about the route, which is 21 km long and with orange and yellow waymarks, contains additional information about the Amseldell; the flyer is available in Trippstadt and Johanniskreuz. The name Amseldell means "Blackbird Hollow" and suggests it
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#1732790720176792-421: The gorge, a good kilometre long, and dovetailed a trail with little wooden bridges and a wooden pavilion into the valley, so that its near-natural impression was even more heightened. An iron table at the entrance to the valley refers to a royal visit: Ex-king Ludwig I of Bavaria , Grand Duke Louis III of Hesse-Darmstadt and Archduchess Hildegard of Austria , together with their retinue, visited
828-485: The left-hand side of the Karlstal valley, is a formerly occupied rock cave which is only accessible on an almost unmetalled path. Above it, on level ground is the Amseldell , an old park-like area from the 19th century that has since been left to decay, but which originally had a maze, a firing range and a hut. Other sights in the surrounding area are described in the article on the Moosalb . At its western end along
864-572: The presence of the Blessed Sacrament at Corpus Christi processions and church services. The policy, which had been in place when Bavaria was still almost purely Catholic before 1803, had been discontinued after the inclusion of large Protestant areas. Catholic disturbances during the funeral of the Protestant Queen Caroline of Baden in 1841 caused a scandal. This treatment of his beloved stepmother permanently softened
900-634: The roof of the cave, was sealed by a rough outer wall with door and window openings at the front. A woman, known locally as the "Rock Woman" ( Felsenweib ) lived here until 1843. This is one of the many cave dwellings that existed in the Palatinate region , the Alsace and the Harz Mountains (for example, in Langenstein ) until about the middle of the 19th century. A spur branches off one of
936-438: The south pavilion of his Nymphenburg Palace in Munich. A collection of 36 portraits of the beautiful women painted between 1827 and 1850 mostly by Joseph Karl Stieler . Also after his abdication, Ludwig remained an important and lavish sponsor for the arts. This caused several conflicts with his son and successor Maximilian. Finally, Ludwig financed his projects from his own resources. Because of King Ludwig's philhellenism ,
972-463: The valley on 9 August 1862. The rocky gorge , through which the Moosalb flows and which is largely natural, contains a large amount of rock debris from the red bunter sandstone of the region, as well as numerous little waterfalls and old deciduous and conifer stands. As a result, it is one of those destinations in the Palatine Forest that is promoted by those responsible for tourism . On
1008-399: Was a hollow where blackbirds could be seen. It probably relates, therefore, to a time when the blackbird was still a shy, woodland bird, i.e. before the 19th century. The leisure park in the Amseldell was created in the 19th century under Lord ( Freiherr ) Carl von Gienanth (1818–1890), whose family managed an ironworks in Trippstadt and, from 1833, also owned Trippstadt House . Its aim
1044-434: Was conceived as a site for various leisure pursuits. Today it is very run down and in need of significant restoration. Recognisable remains are a maze made of hedges, a firing range made of wood and stone, and a hut. 49°20′52″N 7°44′43″E / 49.34778°N 7.74528°E / 49.34778; 7.74528 Karlstal The Karlstal is the valley of the Moosalb stream located near Trippstadt in
1080-533: Was confronted during the Beer riots in Bavaria . During the revolutions of 1848 the king faced increasing protests and demonstrations by students and the middle classes. On 20 March 1848, he abdicated in favour of his eldest son, Maximilian . Ludwig lived for another twenty years after his abdication and remained influential. An admirer of ancient Greece and the Italian Renaissance , Ludwig patronized
1116-581: Was confronted with the Beer riots in Bavaria . During the revolutions of 1848 the king faced increasing protests and demonstrations by the students and the middle classes. The king had ordered to close the university in February, and on 4 March, a large crowd assaulted the Armory to storm the Munich Residenz . Ludwig's brother Prince Karl managed to appease the protesters, but the royal family and
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1152-534: Was involved in the Napoleonic Wars . As king, he encouraged Bavaria's industrialization, initiating the Ludwig Canal between the rivers Main and the Danube . In 1835, the first German railway was constructed in his domain, between the cities of Fürth and Nuremberg , with his Bavaria joining the Zollverein economic union in 1834. After the July Revolution of 1830 in France, Ludwig's previous liberal policy became increasingly repressive; in 1844, Ludwig
1188-657: Was opposed by large sectors of the population. In 1837 the Ultramontanes backed by the Roman Catholic Church gained control of the Bavarian parliament and began a campaign of changes to the constitution, such as removing civil rights that had earlier been granted to Protestants, as well as enforcing political censorship. On 14 August 1838, the King issued an order for all members of the military to kneel in
1224-466: Was the neo-Gothic Wittelsbacher Palais , once built for his successor and unloved by Ludwig. He died at Nice in 1868 and was buried in St. Boniface's Abbey, Munich , which he had ordered to be built. As admirer of ancient Greece and the Italian Renaissance , Ludwig patronized the arts as principal of many neoclassical buildings, especially in Munich , and as fanatic collector. Among others he commissioned
1260-568: Was the son of Count Palatine Maximilian Joseph of Zweibrücken (later Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria ) by his first wife Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt . At the time of his birth, his father was an officer in the French Army stationed at Strasbourg . Ludwig was the godson and namesake of Louis XVI of France . On 1 April 1795 his father succeeded Ludwig's uncle, Charles II , as duke of Zweibrücken , and on 16 February 1799 became Elector of Bavaria and Count Palatine of
1296-460: Was to enhance the walk through the Karlstal valley, which had already been landscaped in the 1780s by garden architect, Friedrich Ludwig Sckell . In 1890, after the death of Carl von Gienanth, his estate in Karlstal and Amseldell was donated to the Trippstadt tourist association, who looked after both sites until the 1930s. In May 1914, the Amseldell site was the venue for a regional gymnastics festival in which about 250 gymnasts took part. The park
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