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34-672: He was born in the Limousin , part of Occitania , France . He was educated at Cluny , at Limoges , and in Castile , where he was a deacon at Toledo . In 1098/1099 his Cluniac connections recommended him as Bishop of Coimbra . After a four-year pilgrimage to the Holy Land , he was made Archbishop of Braga in 1109. There he was one of the principal agents of the Burgundian Henry, Count of Portugal , in his reorganization of

68-462: A stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Limoges Limoges ( / l ɪ ˈ m oʊ ʒ / lih- MOHZH , US also / l iː ˈ -/ lee- , French: [limɔʒ] ; Occitan : Lemòtges , locally Limòtges [liˈmɔdzes] ) is a city and commune , and the prefecture of the Haute-Vienne department in west-central France . It

102-548: A flourishing artistic centre. It was home to an important school of medieval music composition, which is usually called the St. Martial School ; its most famous member was the 13th-century troubadour Bertran de Born . In the 13th century, at the peak of its splendour, central Limoges consisted of two fortified settlements. In 1370, Limoges was occupied by Edward, the Black Prince , who massacred some 300 residents, "perhaps

136-572: A horse and a young porcelain worker, Camille Vardelle. During World War II , many Jews from Alsace were evacuated to and around Limoges. Limoges experiences an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfb ) common to much of Western France. Most precipitation occurs between October and February. On 27 December 1999, winds reached 148 km/h (92 mph). On average, the city experiences 41 days of frost and 18 days of snow each winter. In June, July and August, precipitation tends to come only from violent thunderstorms coming from

170-517: A major research site of the Celtic world. During the 10th century, Limousin was divided into many seigneuries . The most important of them, located in the southern part of the region, were the vicomtés of Limoges , Comborn (in present-day Corrèze ), Ventadour (today Ussel and Plateau de Millevaches ), and Turenne . The northernmost part of Limousin belonged to the County of La Marche , while

204-570: A new ceramics industry was developed, and Limoges porcelain became famous during the 19th century. However, Limoges porcelain is a generic term for porcelain produced in Limoges rather than at a specific factory (there are still several porcelain factories in and around Limoges). More than 50% of all porcelain made in France comes from Limoges. Limoges hosts the national ceramics school École d'ingénieurs ENSIL-ENSCI , created in 1893, and also

238-654: A regional metropolis, it has an urban area of 323,789 inhabitants in 2018. The inhabitants of the city are called the Limougeauds. Founded around 10 BC under the name of Augustoritum, it became an important Gallo-Roman city. During the Middle Ages Limoges became a large city, strongly marked by the cultural influence of the Abbey of Saint-Martial , where the Dukes of Aquitaine were invested and crowned. From

272-401: A sixth of the normal population", with another 60 members of the garrison of 140 dead as well. The porcelain industry started to develop, favoured by the presence of kaolinite which was discovered near Limoges in 1768 (near St Yrieix, south-west of Limoges). Many of the inhabitants became employed in the new sector or in connected activities (including the lumbering of wood needed for firing

306-655: Is a former province of the Kingdom of France . It existed from 1589 until 1790, when the National Constituent Assembly adopted a more uniform division into departments ( départements ) and districts ( arrondissements ). It is located in the foothills of the western edge of the Massif Central and surrounds the city of Limoges ( Occitan : Limòtges ). The territory of the former province of Limousin corresponds to an area smaller than

340-446: Is highlighted by the outbreak of several riots, including that of July–November 1830 and April 1848. The first French confederation of workers, Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT) ( General Confederation of Labour ), was created in Limoges in 1895. In early 1905, strikes began in another local industry, shoe factories soon followed in the porcelain factories. Barricades were built, the army intervened. There would be two casualties:

374-726: Is home to porcelain houses and art workshops working with enamel or stained glass . This craft expertise led it to join the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in 2017 in the thematic category "Crafts and Popular Arts". Scarce remains of pre-urban settlements have been found in the area of Limoges. The capital of the Gaulish people of the Lemovices , who lived in the area, was probably either near Villejoubert , some kilometres south-east of Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat , or St Gence, just west of Limoges. The city proper

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408-492: Is the centre of the modern Limoges. Starting from the construction of the Abbey of St. Martial (9th century), another settlement grew around the tomb of the saint, while a third area, next to the residence of the viscount (the future Castle of Saint Martial), seems to have been populated from the 10th century. Starting from the 11th century, thanks to the presence of the Abbey of St. Martial and its large library, Limoges became

442-414: Is the name of a section of Pictures at an Exhibition by Modest Mussorgsky . In 1768, kaolin , a rock rich in fine, white clay which is used for making porcelain , was discovered at Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche , 30 km south of Limoges. Under the impetus of the progressive economist Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune , who had been appointed intendant of this impoverished and isolated region,

476-542: The Bay of Biscay . In 2018, the population of the commune proper was 131,479, and of the Limoges functional urban area 323,789. Inhabitants of Limoges are called limougeauds in French. The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Limoges proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Limoges absorbed the former commune of Beaune-les-Mines in 1962. "Le marché de Limoges" (Limoges market)

510-628: The COVID-19 pandemic . Their home games were played at Stade St. Lazare. USA Limoges is an amateur rugby union club, based in Limoges. Currently competing in Fédérale 1, the top level of the French amateur rugby pyramid and one level below the professional leagues. The main railway station of Limoges is the Limoges-Bénédictins station . It offers direct connections with Paris , and Toulouse, and several regional destinations. Limoges

544-589: The Portuguese church . Portugal was then a fief of León , and the ambitious Count Henry pursued a vigorous program of ecclesiastical and political autonomy. By 1114, Mauritius had become embroiled in a dispute with the Spanish primate and papal legate in Castile, Bernard of Toledo , to the extent that he was called to Rome and suspended by Pope Paschal II (1099–1118). Nevertheless, he found favor at

578-623: The University of Limoges . The city is one of France's basketball capitals. The Palais des Sports de Beaublanc , has been host for international basketball events such as the EuroBasket 1983 and serves as home court for the professional team CSP Limoges (Cercle St Pierre). Since 1983, the club has been French champion 11 times (1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994, 2000, 2014, 2015) and 5 European titles (1982, 1983, 2000 ( Korac Cup ), 1988 (FIBA Saporta Cup), 1993 (Euroleague)). It

612-468: The bishops of Limoges controlled most of present-day Haute-Vienne . Such political fragmentation led to the construction of many castles , whose ruins still evoke memories of that historical period. The territory was attached to the kingdom of France in 1589, with the accession to the throne of Henry IV of France . The province of Limousin disappeared during the French Revolution . It

646-664: The 12th century onwards, its enamels were exported throughout the Christian world. In 1765, during the industrial revolution, the discovery of a deposit of kaolin in the Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche region enabled the development of the Limoges porcelain industry. It is sometimes nicknamed "the red city" or "the Rome of socialism" because of its tradition of voting on the left and the workers' events it experienced from

680-464: The 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. Since the 1990s, the city has had a basketball club, Limoges CSP , which has won several French championships and the European championship in 1993. Because of its heritage policy, it has held the label "City of Art and History" since 2008. Economic activities include butchering , electrical equipment for the building industry , and luxury goods. It

714-530: The administrative region, comprising the current department of Corrèze , the southern half of Haute-Vienne (including Limoges , its historic capital), and a small part of the Dordogne . The history of Limousin reaches back to Celtic and Roman times (50 BC to 550 AD). Its name is derived from the name of a Gallic tribe, the Lemovices , whose main sanctuary was recently found in Tintignac and became

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748-427: The area around changed into " Limousin ". Limoges was evangelized by Saint Martial , who came to the city around 250 with two companions, Alpinianus and Austriclinienus. However, in the late 3rd century it was increasingly abandoned, due to unsafe conditions created by the invasions of various Germanic tribes. The population was concentrated instead in a more easily fortifiable site, the modern Puy Saint-Étienne, which

782-685: The city for eight days until its citizens surrendered antipope Gregory VIII. He was taken to Rome and imprisoned in the Septizonium . After having been moved in confinement from monastery to monastery, he finally died at La Cava , Salerno , some time after August 1137. No information has been found about the cardinals created by Gregory VIII, but it is known that in March 1118 three cardinals created by Antipope Clement III (1080/84-1100) joined his obedience and formed his own Sacred College: Limousin (province) Limousin ( Occitan : Lemosin )

816-603: The papal court, and in 1116, when Emperor Henry V (1105–1125) invaded Italy during the ongoing confrontations over the Emperor's rights of investiture of clerics , Paschal II sent Mauritius with some cardinals on an embassy to the emperor, while the Pope and the Curia fled south to Benevento . Mauritius openly espoused the cause of Henry, and defected to the Emperor's side. Henry V went to Rome, and on Easter Sunday , March 23, 1117,

850-621: The porcelain) in manufacture and exporting needed for European distribution of Limoges Boxes , dinnerware, and other porcelain wares. Because the Limousin region has had a long history of breeding (Baronet sheep and Limousine cows ), the leather industry also settled in and around Limoges along the banks of the Vienne–the river providing the necessary water and power. Factories in Limoges and St Junien still produce luxury leather shoes, gloves, and bags. The city and castle were united in 1792 to form

884-460: The single city of Limoges. During the French Revolution several religious edifices, considered symbols of the Ancien Régime , were destroyed by the population: these included the Abbey of St. Martial itself. In the 19th century Limoges saw strong construction activity, which included the destruction and rebuilding of much of the city centre. The unsafe conditions of the poorer population

918-464: Was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Mauritius. Paschal II deposed and excommunicated Henry V and removed Mauritius from office. When Paschal II died on 24 January 1118, he was succeeded by Pope Gelasius II (1118–19). Henry V went to Rome but Gelasius II escaped to Gaeta and refused to meet the Emperor to discuss German affairs. Partly in reprisal the imperial party among the cardinals then annulled Gelasius II's election, and on March 1, 1118 Mauritius

952-467: Was dismantled and divided between three new departments established by the National Constituent Assembly : mostly Corrèze and Haute-Vienne , and to a lesser extent the Dordogne . The region was reconstituted in 1960 as an Limousin (administrative region) until 2015, when it was merged into the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. This Nouvelle-Aquitaine geographical article is

986-478: Was founded as Augustoritum by the Romans , around 10 BC: "rito-" is Gaulish for " ford ". The foundation was part of the reorganization of the province by the emperor Augustus , hence the new name. The Roman city included an amphitheatre measuring 136 x 115 metres, a theatre, a forum , baths and several sanctuaries. According to tradition, a temple consecrated to Venus , Diana , Minerva and Jupiter

1020-464: Was located near the modern cathedral. The city was on the typical Roman square plan, with two main streets crossing in the centre. It had a Senate and a currency of its own, a sign of its importance in the imperial age. Later, like many towns and cities in Gaul, it was renamed after the tribe (here the Lemovices ) whose chief town it was; "Lemovices" subsequently evolved into "Limoges", and "Lemovicinus" for

1054-564: Was proclaimed Pope, taking the name Gregory VIII. Gelasius II, at Capua , proceeded to excommunicate both Gregory VIII and Henry V on April 7, 1118. After Gelasius II's death, when Calixtus II had been elected Pope in 1119 , Henry V was induced to change papal allegiance, in the Concordat of Worms of 1122. Calixtus II entered Rome, and Gregory VIII left, going to Sutri , where he was in April 1121, when papal troops of Calixtus II closed up

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1088-470: Was the administrative capital of the former Limousin region. Situated on the first western foothills of the Massif Central , Limoges is crossed by the river Vienne , of which it was originally the first ford crossing point. The second most populated town in the New Aquitaine region after Bordeaux , a university town , an administrative centre and intermediate services with all the facilities of

1122-524: Was the first French club team to become European champion in a collective sport. The team currently plays in Pro A , the French first basketball professional league. Limoges Hand 87 is a French handball team based in Limoges, France, which is currently playing in the Division 2 of Ligue Nationale de Handball. Limoges FC was the major city association football team before the club folded in 2020 during

1156-414: Was the last major urban centre of Metropolitan France to be connected to the national motorway system; since the early 1990s, the motorway A20 connects Limoges with Châteauroux , Vierzon , Orléans and Paris to the north, and Brive-la-Gaillarde , Cahors , Montauban and Toulouse to the south. The nearest airport is Limoges – Bellegarde Airport . Urban transport in Limoges and its metropolitan area

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