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38-671: The An-72 and An-74 get their nickname, Cheburashka , from the large engine intake ducts, which resemble the oversized ears of the popular Soviet animated character of the same name . The An-74 was initially an upgrade of the An-72 test aircraft, intended to be used in the Arctic and Antarctica ; and had the designation An-72A "Arctic". The aircraft's main purpose is to deliver cargo, equipment and personnel over short- and medium-range routes in any climatic conditions ranging from −60 to 45 °C (−76 to 113 °F) and at any latitude, including

76-597: A city and are hand puppets operated in live action rather than stop motion. Only occasionally Swedish public service TV would broadcast a segment of the Russian original, dubbed in Swedish. While many Swedes may visually recognize Cheburashka, they will generally not associate these characters with the ones Russian children know. The first episode premiered in 1973. Around 600 to 700 episodes were shown in Sweden in total, in

114-487: A hat, a bow tie, and a coat, and plays the accordion. Gena works in a zoo as a zoo animal. Gena's favorite songs are "Such a Pity that One's Birthday Happens Only Once a Year" and "The Blue Train Car", both of which are extremely popular with children. Cheburashka and Gena have their adventures made more difficult by a character named "Старуха Шапокляк" (Old Lady Shapoklyak ). She is a mischievous but charming old lady. Shapoklyak

152-622: A high cultural significance, since it was printed in the old "spelling" ( repealed in 1918 ), thus providing continuity in the perception of pre-revolutionary literature by new generations. This edition was based on the second edition (1880–1883). The Baudouin de Courtenay edition was never reprinted in Soviet times. In 1955, the dictionary was reprinted in the Soviet Union again with a circulation of 100,000. This sixth edition relied also on that of 1880–1883 (i.e. without obscene words). Copies of

190-402: A series of many years and the last episode was screened as a special in 1988. The animated series was broadcast on Sveriges Television . Cheburashka is male, has a bear-like body, and is about the size of a 5-year-old child. He is a toddling creature with huge round ears on the side of his head that droop when he is discouraged. He has feet without legs, big black eyes, a snub nose. His voice

228-518: A trip to the Soviet Union, so they were visually identical to Cheburashka and Gena. "Drutten" means "one who has tumbled down", as one meaning of the Swedish colloquial verb "drutta" is "to fall or tumble down". In the TV series Drutten och Jena  [ sv ] , also Drutten och Krokodilen , the two characters sang and told different stories from those in the USSR, lived on a bookshelf rather than in

266-467: Is (e.g. a colloquial name for a small bottle of lemonade – from the brand name "Cheburashka"). There is also a rocket launcher called Cheburashka, used during the Russo-Ukrainian war . In the 1990 satirical claymation film Grey Wolf and Little Red Riding Hood , produced by Garri Bardin , Grey Wolf eats Gena and Cheburashka, along with other fantasy characters. Cheburashka

304-470: Is a fictional character created by Soviet writer Eduard Uspensky in his 1965 children's book Gena the Crocodile and His Friends . The character subsequently appeared as the protagonist in a series of stop-motion animated films directed by Roman Kachanov for Soyuzmultfilm , the first of which was made in 1969, with songs composed by Vladimir Shainsky . Even today Cheburashka is still renowned in

342-459: Is a major explanatory dictionary of the Russian language . It contains about 220,000 words and 30,000 proverbs (3rd edition). It was collected, edited and published by academician Vladimir Ivanovich Dal (Russian: Влади́мир Ива́нович Даль ; 1801–1872), one of the most prominent Russian language lexicographers and folklore collectors of the 19th century. Dal's Explanatory Dictionary of

380-575: Is a unique spelling deviation from the standard grammar, on which Dal insisted. In his speeches at the Russian Geographical Society (traditionally published with his forewords in a preface) Dal opposes the "illiterate" distortion of words in vulgar parlance. However he distinguishes between these distortions and regional dialectical variations, which he collected meticulously over decades of travel from European Russia to Siberia. Another principle on which Dal insisted rigorously

418-421: Is also one of the few Russian animation characters to be the subject of numerous Russian jokes and riddles. The popularity of Cheburashka grew a lot after it became an animated film. The word "Cheburashka" is also used in a figurative sense to name objects that somehow resemble the creature (such as an An-72 aircraft which, when seen from the front, resembles the character's head) or are just as pleasing as it

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456-429: Is an iconic Russian cartoon-character who later became a popular figure in Russian jokes (along with his friend, Gena the Crocodile ). According to the creator of the character, Eduard Uspensky, Cheburashka is an "animal unknown to science", with large monkey-like ears and a body resembling that of a cub, who lives in a tropical forest. He accidentally gets into a crate of oranges, eats his fill, and falls asleep. The crate

494-399: Is equivalent to Czech : žid , English: jew ; while Russian: еврей corresponds to Czech: hebrejci and English: hebrew , the first form (widely used in Russian literature through the 19th century ( Lermontov , Gogol et al.)) was later considered an expletive with a tinge of antisemitism . To ensure "political correctness", the 1955 editors decided to remove the entire entry, keeping

532-435: Is eventually delivered to a grocery store in an unnamed Russian city (hinted to be Moscow), where the rest of the main story unfolds. The puzzled store manager finds the creature in the crate when he opens it; he takes him out and sits him on the table. The creature's paws are numb after staying in the crate for so long, and he tumbles down ( чебурахнулся , cheburakhnulsya , a Russian colloquialism meaning "tumbled") from

570-672: Is high-pitched and childlike. Cheburashka is an optimist as he only sees the best in people and is chirpy even in the gloomiest situation. Sergei Kapkov, animation historian and managing editor of Soyuzmultfilm, has said that Cheburashka "is absolutely useless and hopeless. He is like a stranger who doesn't understand a thing but just has one global idea, and that is to make friends and have others ... make friends with each other". For Leonid Katz, an art historian in Bar-Ilan University in Tel Aviv, Israel, Cheburashka represents

608-402: Is tall and thin, wears a chapeau claque hat and a dark-coloured dress, and carries around a pet rat, Lariska, in her purse to help her play pranks on people, though near the end of some stories she turns around and helps the protagonists. The refrain of her theme song contains her motto, "One won't ever get famous for good deeds" Russian : Хорошими делами прославиться нельзя . The rights to

646-493: Is the highest grossing film in the Russian box office history. Olga Kuzmina voiced Cheburashka, while Sergei Garmash portrayed Gena, a gardener (the film version of Crocodile Gena). In the 1970s a number of children's television shows, radio shows, records and magazines were produced in Sweden with the characters Drutten and crocodile Jena (Gena). These two characters were based on a couple of Cheburashka and Gena dolls bought on

684-562: Is the use of the Coandă effect to improve STOL performance, utilizing engine exhaust gases blown over the wing's upper surface to boost lift. The powerplant used is the Lotarev D-36 turbofan engine. The An-74 bears some resemblance to the unsuccessful Boeing YC-14 , a prototype design from the early 1970s which had also used overwing engines and the Coandă effect. The rear fuselage of

722-531: The Great Russian language was the only substantial dictionary printed repeatedly (1935, 1955) in the Soviet Union in compliance with the old rules of spelling and alphabet, which were repealed in 1918. The author shows his specific understanding of the Russian language on the cover, using the old spelling Толковый словарь живаго великору с каго языка (with single "s" in "Russian"). However, this

760-581: The North Pole , and high altitudes. It can operate to and from low grade airstrips such as concrete, pebble, ice and snow aerodromes. Produced in tandem with the An-72, the An-74 can be fitted with wheel-ski landing gear , de-icing equipment and a number of other upgrades allowing the aircraft to support operations in Arctic or Antarctic environments. An unusual design feature of the An-74 (as well as An-72)

798-450: The "ideal". As he notes: "In the film he is completely innocent. He represents all that was lost, all that was maybe impossible, all that was dreamed of". After being turned down by the zoo as an "animal unknown to science", Cheburashka gets hired as a window display for a discount store selling factory seconds because he resembles one, residing in a phone booth. In the tale, he befriends an anthropomorphic crocodile named Gena , who wears

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836-799: The An-72, its parent aircraft. Almost immediately after, cold-weather testing and Arctic operations began taking place, fulfilling the intentions of the aircraft designers. Notably, an An-74 evacuated the crew of Arctic station SP-32 on March 6, 2004. As of January 1, 2006, twenty-three out of thirty aircraft registered in Russia were in operation. Data from The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995 General characteristics Performance Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Related lists Cheburashka Cheburashka (Russian: Чебурашка , IPA: [tɕɪbʊˈraʂkə] ), also known as Topple in earlier English translations,

874-466: The Cheburashka character and image have been heavily debated in court. In 1994, Eduard Uspensky (the writer) copyrighted the character's name and image and proceeded to sell the rights to various countries. Leonid Shvartsman , the art director of the animated films, has tried to prove in court that he was the creator of Cheburashka's visual appearance and that this copyright should be separate from

912-531: The Cheburashka films (as part of the " Ghibli Museum Library ") were made available to Japanese cinemas on the same date as Hayao Miyazaki 's Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea . An English-dubbed edition of the first 3 animated films was released in 1987, titled The Adventures of Charlie and Cubby . During the 2018 Armenian protests Cheburashka was used from many protesters as a symbol to mock Serzh Sargsyan due to

950-657: The Cheburashka films, because they made fun of nitpicking bureaucrats, factory directors, and the Young Pioneers ; Cheburashka and Gena couldn't join the Young Pioneers because they didn't know how to start a Pioneers' bonfire and could not march. The phrase "only the best can be on the Pioneers" was added as a compromise. Cheburashka Arere? was released by GoHands in Japan, 26 episodes, 2009–2010. In 2007,

988-541: The aircraft has a hinged loading ramp with a rear fairing that slides backwards and up to clear the opening. The An-74 has a payload of around 11 tons including up to ten passengers in the cargo version, or up to 52 seats in the passenger version; the operating ceiling is 10,100 metres (33,100 ft) and cruising speed is 550 to 700 kilometres per hour (300 to 380 kn; 340 to 430 mph). The aircraft may also be used for highly specialized operations: The first An-74 flight took place on September 29, 1983, four years after

1026-538: The distribution certificate was restored. The Russian titles of the episodes in it are «Чебурашка и цирк» ( Cheburashka and the Circus ), «Чебурашка идет в зоопарк» ( Cheburashka Goes to the Zoo ) и «Советы Шапокляк» ( Advices of Shapoklyak ). A full-length film titled Cheburashka , directed by Dmitry Dyachenko , with Central Partnership and Yellow, Black and White producing, was released on 1 January 2023. Cheburashka

1064-413: The former Soviet Union, and has been called the "Soviet Mickey Mouse" by external observers. Although only four short animated films have been produced featuring Cheburashka, he is still a national symbol in the former USSR and Russia, and is famous outside of it. One reason for his popularity is the message of his stories, which stress that where you're from doesn't matter as much as kindness. Cheburashka

1102-419: The new animation, titled Cheburashka was announced by Ffango Entertoyment of South Korea and TV Tokyo Broadband and Frontier Works of Japan. Directed by Makoto Nakamura and written by Mikhail Aldashin  [ ru ] and Michiru Shimada , the animation  [ ja ] premiered on 8 December 2010 in Japan. It consisted of four shorts. One ("Hello Cheburashka") is a complete remake of

1140-409: The obscene words of the Russian mat. In 1903, linguist Baudouin de Courtenay insisted as editor of the third edition on including new and obscene words (in total around 20,000). Although this was criticised, this version sold well. There was a fourth edition in 1912–1914. Later these versions were censored during the communist rule . The fifth edition (1935) was supported by Joseph Stalin and had

1178-542: The original Gena the Crocodile cartoon, while the three others ("Cheburashka and the Circus" and two episodes of "Shapoklyak's Consultation Center") have different stories. The Russian-language compilation film of the Japanese remake shorts also titled Cheburashka  [ ru ] premiered in Russia on 5 June 2014, but the distribution was temporarily revoked due to copyright dispute with Eduard Uspensky Later

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1216-399: The rights for the literary character. On 13 March 2007, Shvartsman and his lawyer lost a 4.7 million ruble lawsuit against BRK Cosmetics and Eduard Uspensky. Shvartsman alleged that Uspensky illegally sold the rights to the Cheburashka image (which was allegedly not his to sell) to BRK Cosmetics, which used it on toothpaste packaging. The defence argued that the artist who drew the character for

1254-408: The second edition were used as the source for the stereotype (photographically reproduced) reprint. However, this was not an exact reproduction of an original: derivatives of the root жид ( jew ) were removed from page 541 of volume 1. This ambiguous censorship stems from controversy over the use of two roots used concurrently in Russian and in many other European languages. Although Russian жид

1292-616: The similarity on their appearance. Among others, during a protest, a protester masqueraded as Cheburashka urged Sargsyan to resign, while another one lit his on fire. Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language The Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language (Russian: Толко́вый слова́рь живо́го великору́сского языка́ ), commonly known as Dal's Explanatory Dictionary (Russian: Толко́вый слова́рь Да́ля ),

1330-401: The table, onto the chair, and then onto the floor. This inspires the store manager to name him Cheburashka . Words with this root were archaic in Russian; Uspensky gave them a new lease on life. The Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language (1882) of Vladimir Dahl gives the meaning of "cheburashka" as another name for the roly-poly toy . Soviet censors tried to stifle

1368-418: The toothpaste had never seen the animated films and had created the character himself after the impressions left from reading Uspensky's books. Shvartsman argued that the character on the packets was allegedly an exact copy of the one in the animated films. Cheburashka is now a staple of Russian cartoons, and there are several licensed products on the market, such as children's joke books and stuffed toys. He

1406-541: Was chosen as the official mascot with the main mascots for the Russian Olympic Team in the following games: Cheburashka also became known in some countries outside the former Soviet Union (and of the Soviet Bloc ). He became very popular in Japan after an animated film series about him was shown in 15 cinemas all over Japan and was watched by about 700,000 between summer 2001 and spring 2002. In 2008,

1444-467: Was the rejection of transliterated/transcribed foreign-language roots as base words , in favour of Russian roots. However certain loanwords like " проспект " ( Prospekt (street) ) were included. The first edition. Dal lived to see only this edition of his dictionary. The editors of the posthumous second edition (1880–1883) expanded it using the author's words cards, but, following the norms of Russian public morality, abstained from adding entries with

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